"Who invented the compass?" This domineering grass-roots prime minister is Kou Zhun, who laid the golden age of Dasong!

In the comments of later historians, there is also an overall positive evaluation of the history of the Northern Song Dynasty: there are many celebrities in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Looking closely at the political changes in the Northern Song Dynasty, this evaluation is not excessive: compared with the scene of traitors gathering in the late Han and Tang Dynasties, although there were some miscellaneous figures in the Northern Song Dynasty, except for the late Song Huizong era, the worst figures did not cause great harm and their destructive power was very limited. As for the cruel roles of Cao Cao and Wang Mang, they almost disappeared in the Song Dynasty.

History shines with the brilliant achievements of several outstanding prime ministers. From Zhao Pu in the early stage to Fan Zhongyan, Kou Zhun and Lv Duan in the middle stage, their achievements were brilliant, their glorious images were recorded in history books, and countless poems and even famous sayings are still amazing. As far as the overall quality is concerned, the prime minister group in the Northern Song Dynasty is the highest group in the history of China: literate, loyal, enthusiastic and capable. It's true to say "many names"

The emergence of this scene lies in the ingenious design of the political system in the Northern Song Dynasty: the mode of governing the country by civil servants has completely improved the right to speak of empty civil servants, while the design of the prime minister system is more complete, increasing the number of prime ministers and the checks and balances of power, ensuring that there will be no single ruling figure. This not only improved the power of civil servants, but also completely eliminated the possibility of challenging imperial power.

More importantly, it is the whole soil of the civil service system in Song Dynasty. Through the thorough reform of the imperial examination system, the scope of participating in the imperial examination has been expanded to the maximum extent. Compared with the situation that aristocratic children monopolized the number of imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty, the admission of imperial examinations in the Northern Song Dynasty was fairer and even opened to the common people to the maximum extent. More and more grass-roots units can open the door to the highest power through fair examinations. These new politicians, who have deeply felt the sufferings of the people and experienced poverty, are bound to explode more energy than the traditional gate valve on this platform.

Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a typical representative.

The ninth letter of the English alphabet.

Thanks to unofficial history's folk legends, such as Yang Jiajiang, Kou Zhun's popularity is quite high, because all kinds of TV dramas are broadcasting history. From the vindication of unjust cases to yangfu's boots, related anecdotes and legends have become a bridge for all kinds of literature, and even the nickname "Koulaoer" in literary works has been circulated for thousands of years.

But there are many differences between the real Kou Zhun and the legends of the entertainment circle in history. But there are two important basic agreements: hard birth and strong ability.

In romance novels, Kou Zhun's poor family has always been described as having eyes and nose, but in the official history, there is one discrepancy: although his family is poor, he is also a noble family: 96 1 was born in Weinan, Shaanxi. According to genealogical records, his ancestors were officials of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and his father was an official of the Five Dynasties and the Jin Dynasty. Ancestors are really rich.

But by Kou Zhun's generation, it had been destroyed. Although there are servants at home, poverty is the real poverty. Because my father died young, my mother worked hard to raise her son, and even the oil money for evening self-study had to be pulled out through her teeth. Fortunately, my mother is very conscious. If she is so poor that she can't get a degree, she will gnash her teeth.

Kou Zhun's performance has also made great progress. As a teenager, he was a famous local prodigy. At the age of nineteen, I learned a powerful miracle: I was admitted to Jinshi. How hard was the Song Dynasty? After the reform of the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty, although the number of enrollment places was large, the scope was more open, and the children of the civilian class participated in a wide range and the competition was fierce. You can't kill such a tribe without real skills. When many people were killed, people in their thirties and forties were very young, wh

The reason for this rise is that leaders like it first. Especially when Song Taizong was studying in Kou Zhun, he paid special attention to this young man. This child is not only talented, but also practical: at that time, Song Taizong liked cadres who were serious about themselves. When meeting the new Jinshi sincerely, Kou Zhun was reminded that once the emperor asked you your age, you'd better quote your age. Unexpectedly, Kou Zhun immediately said solemnly, "I lied to the emperor as soon as I became an official." How is that possible? "These words reached Song Taizong's ears and immediately made him very happy. In the next ten years, every step of Kou Zhun's work and life was cared for by Song Taizong.

During this period, Kou Zhun's other skills are more like unique skills, and their lethality is getting stronger and stronger. History books say this technique is called "temporary sensitivity". Classical Chinese means not only to understand when something happened, but also to react faster and faster. He is an efficient and capable person.

Song Taizong has always been very kind to Kou Zhun, and he knows it best. Because of Kou Zhun's technology, he has been used many times.

The most famous one, Kou Zhun, is 28 years old and a doctor in Beijing. I once asked Song Taizong to report on my work. Not only did I say what Song Taizong thought, but I also spoke in a tough tone. I caught up with Song Taizong's bad mood that day and left angrily. I didn't expect Kou Zhun's reaction to be clearer and more sensitive. When I saw Song Taizong leave, I rushed to grab Song Taizong's clothes. Almost entered the martial arts circle with the emperor.

Such bold behavior has made me do a lot in history. But it's still rare to find such a person as Kou Zhun. I always like to go with the emperor. The emperor talked about his words like candy. If you bite it, you can't get rid of it. If you don't listen to him, you can't escape. Such a stubborn person who hates xian s will be angry with anyone. And Song Taizong himself, even crazier, once collapsed in Kou Zhun, and couldn't help swearing, saying: Mice and birds know people's thoughts, why don't you know?

This kind of direct minister style is not uncommon in past dynasties. After the Ming Dynasty, roads were opened and bolder actions were arrested. However, it is incredible that Kou Zhun can do this. First of all, in the Song Dynasty, it was not as popular as officials in the Ming Dynasty. Besides, Song Taizong, who was in power at that time, was not a good servant. Besides his achievements in martial arts, his biggest problem is narrow-mindedness. He usually remembers a sentence that has offended him all his life. After the war of Kochi, even his nephew Zhao Dezhao was secretly beaten by Song Taizong for saying the wrong thing. He was afraid to go home and kill himself. With such a strong leader in the booth, it seems that it is only a matter of time before bad luck.

However, Kou Zhun worked miracles. Although he often outsmarts his leaders and drives them crazy, he always gets enthusiastic praise in the end. In Song Taizong's own words, I have Kou Zhun, just as Emperor Taizong had Wei Zhi. His career became more prosperous and he met with the Privy Council when he was young. Later, he succeeded again, and finally made Song Taizong furious and was banished to Qingzhou as a magistrate. Strangely enough, just after Kou Zhun left, Song Taizong was very unhappy with his hind feet. Later, I missed Kou Zhun day and night, and was recalled the next year. After the meeting, Song Taizong was even more excited. He hit a woman with a Kou Zhun on the spot: Why don't you come back now?

The outspoken minister seems ignorant and often annoys Song Taizong. He is a very popular person. He is highly valued and will never leave the emperor. Why would Kou Zhun?

In addition to strong working ability, it is more important to master the emperor's mentality. Kou Zhun is straight enough, but not stupid. He is enthusiastic and stubborn, but he is best at solving complex problems with concise means. He got to the point in a few words.

So is Kou Zhun who took the silver exam. He once accompanied the prince to the ancestral temple, only to be seen by people in Beijing. The prince's reputation is so high that people even call him "the son of heaven". Now Song Taizong tastes delicious. Yin tentatively asked Kou Zhun, "Everyone is called Prince. Where did you put me? " Kou Zhun immediately replied astutely: The prince you chose won the hearts of the people and was a blessing to the country. As soon as this sentence came out, Song Taizong immediately turned anger into joy, and even his favorite rhinoceros leather belt was quickly awarded to Kou Zhun.

It is with this ability that Kou Zhun often offended people in his early career, and his reputation became worse and worse. People often organize to speak ill of him. But the official position is very high, and he is an extremely important person around the emperor.

But he is always so short that he is the prime minister's throne above ten thousand people except one. It's not that the emperor didn't want to take advantage of him, but that his mass relations really didn't develop well. Lv Duan was a heavyweight minister in the Song Taizong era, and he was famous for "not being confused by big events". He spoke highly of Kou Zhun: He just takes care of himself. Be willful if you can be willful. He's been like this all his life.

Because of this situation, Song Taizong died and Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong succeeded to the throne. Although Kou Zhun had the function of protecting him, he was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry as soon as he ascended the throne. But the prime minister is still very entangled and dare not let him go easily.

However, the situation in the Song Dynasty can no longer be entangled: since the failure of the northwest expedition, the situation in the northern expedition to Liao has become more and more severe. After the young emperor Song Zhenzong succeeded to the throne, the situation became more intense and crazy: a large-scale battle broke out on the border between the two sides. From 65438 to 0004, the Northern Song Dynasty got more accurate information. Liao intends to invade the air. The national affairs are difficult, the emperor is young, and there is no iron-fisted prime minister, so the government can't train the rear.

Therefore, the former Prime Minister Bi proposed to promote Kou Zhun. As usual, as soon as this proposal was put forward, the officials and the people loudly opposed it, and the emperor was very entangled. However, all the objections were suppressed by one sentence: if North Korea does not accept it, it will be used if it is allowed. The situation is better than others, so let him be himself. In August of that year, Kou Zhun paid homage to the University Temple in Jixian County and really became a heavyweight in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The position of prime minister, the ass is not hot yet. September is coming, and the big exam is like a storm: Liao is calling!

Double; double

In September 2004, an "old friend" of the Northern Song government and his son, Long, the son of Liao, launched the Song Dynasty invasion before 12365. /It has a population of 200,000.

Different from the previous Liao invasion, the Liao invasion was blocked by Song Jun, and the Liao army was beheaded in several border towns in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, when people are killed or injured, they don't run as fast as usual. Instead, it rushed to stop it like a mad bull. It was forced to fight in the hinterland of the Central Plains. The city dodged the attack with a bump. The cavalry is quick and flexible, bypassing the infantry line in Song Jun, and the expressway south of the city will arrive soon. Obviously, I came to die.

Liao was in a desperate situation, and the Song Dynasty was teetering. Emergency snowflakes usually fly in, up to four or five times a day. The young emperor Song Zhenzong was in a hurry, and his ministers made more noise. Especially Song Zhenzong's two favorite young cadres, Wang Qinruo advocated moving the capital to Jinling, and Chen Yaosou advocated moving the capital to Sichuan. In short, this means that the Liao army has begun to exert its strength. If you can avoid us, you should avoid us first.

In this chaos, calm Kou Zhun, as always, once again found the key point of the matter: the Liao army seemed brave, but in fact it was a spent force. He hasn't used the border war for many years. This time, he lost badly in gambling. In fact, he wants to win in danger. If he really wants to move the capital and escape, he can tell his story.

Therefore, Kou Zhun's countermeasures were quickly and effectively implemented: deploying heavy troops on the front line, relying on Luozhou as the core and building claw-shaped defense lines, so that Liao countries must catch up if they want to go south again. Then, he recruited militia, organized guerrillas, attacked his transportation lines, and left him without food and drink. Organize second-line mobile units to stand by at any time. Kill the enemy as soon as they retreat. You should work hard in Liao and see who works hard.

When these decisions were carried out in an orderly way, Kou Zhun took out his trump card: persuading Song Zhenzong to sign it himself.

In later generations, it was also criticized. Many historians believe that, in this case, persuading Song Zhenzong to go to the front was gambling with the national movement of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, judging from the situation at that time, under the planning of the famous Li Jilong, Cangzhou's defense line was unbreakable and won a great victory. Personal expedition at this time can not only give the young emperor face, but also boost the morale of the whole army, so that the Liao army can't make a move, and the protracted war may end early. In short, it is difficult to lose money without taxation and taxation is more stable. This seemingly crazy decision embodies Kou Zhun's vision.

In order to make Song Zhenzong yield, Kou Zhun did his best, but he was not welcomed enough. This time, he was completely torn: Wang Qinruo, who advocated moving the capital, sent him to the front to fight to the death. Then, after fierce persuasion, the young Song Zhenzong finally aroused the blood in his chest, and decided this choice by shooting a case: personal expedition. In this case, Kou Zhun is not at ease, pulling Gao Qiu Joan. On the way, he mobilized soldiers to shout slogans and express the belief of sharing weal and woe. In this way, he even coaxed and forced Song Zhenzong to visit this country.

Kou Zhun's efforts were not in vain. When the apricot yellow flag appeared on the head of Ganzhou city, the whole Song military camp cheered and the soldiers shouted and performed under the gaze of the emperor. At this time, the Liao army sent a gift, and Xiao Dafeng, the coach of the Liao army, leaned in to investigate, but the soldiers found it. On the spot, the crossbow was shot into a hedgehog, and a good play to kill Marshal Liao was staged in front of it.

The victory made the battlefield situation in Song Jun red, while Xiao Taihou and her son who wanted to gamble stayed up all night. At this critical moment, Kou Zhun's performance is still very clear and sensitive. He drinks calmly every day except for work. With his calmness, the young emperor can rest assured that the whole army of the Song Dynasty is calm. The Song-Liao War, which lasted for 25 years, reached the most favorable situation in the Great Song Dynasty.

Liao Dajun couldn't stay up, so he had to take the initiative to make peace with DaSong. Then, through the game of messengers, the contract was finally determined: Liao recognized the Northern Song Dynasty as the eldest brother and the two sides formed a brother country. In the Northern Song Dynasty, 300,000 pieces of Liao silver silks were sent as ancient coins every year. The two sides opened up border trade and lived in peace from then on. This agreement has established a century-long friendship between the two sides, namely the famous "single source alliance".

Of course, Kou Zhun was very opposed to peace talks at first, and his real purpose was to take this opportunity to deal a devastating blow to the Liao army. Even made a battle plan, ready to take advantage of the massive retreat of the Liao army to recover the sixteen states of Youyun. However, in North Korea, both gods and sects have ways. They rumored that Kou Zhun had self-esteem for mercenaries. This matter is very sensitive, and Kou Zhun reacted quickly. He immediately went downhill and stopped opposing peace talks. Therefore, the peace between Song and Liao is a matter of course.

Future generations have different views on this Covenant. The derogatory view is that the Song Dynasty gave up the opportunity to annihilate Liao and took the initiative to make peace when the battlefield situation was good. Besides, it's a shame to lose money after winning the battle. But the actual situation at that time was that Song and Liao were equal in strength and had gained and lost from each other for many years. No one can completely defeat his opponent. A long war will only consume pain. Peace is the best choice. And 300 thousand yuan, for the finance of the Northern Song Dynasty, is only equivalent to the tax revenue of three counties. The most important point is that after the opening of the border trade conference,

Most importantly, before this, both Song and Liao faithfully fulfilled this covenant, changing from red-eyed enemies to true relatives. On holidays, we should send messengers everywhere. The monarchs of past dynasties called each other brothers, and the people in the frontier really enjoyed peace and happiness. The so-called "people in white don't fight" is a true portrayal of peace in Song and Liao Dynasties at that time. Jin Yong's "Dragon Step in Heaven" describes the cruel scene of soldiers mowing the grass valley during the Song and Liao Dynasties in Song Zhezong in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is only found in martial arts novels.

This great peace was finally created by Kou Zhun's insistence. In addition, Kou Zhun played a unique role in its core link: before Cao Liyong, the special envoy of the Song Dynasty, went to the negotiations, Song Zhenzong personally explained the bottom line, and as long as he didn't fight, he could give one million dollars a year. Kou Zhun was very angry when he found out. He secretly found Cao Liyong and told him that the money would exceed 300,000 yuan. When he comes back, I will kill you. The last old currency agreement was killed by Cao Liyong for 300,000 pounds. A threat to kill seven hundred thousand, Kou Zhun bargaining level, is not generally strong.

three

The realization of the single-source alliance made Kou Zhun's personal reputation reach the peak of his life. Later, Wang Anshi, an outstanding reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem praising Kou Zhun, saying, "Kou Zhun was the first hero in the prosperous period of the Song and Liao Dynasties.

Young people are even more grateful to Kou Zhun: as soon as he ascended the throne, he resolved the catastrophe, took Liao, which had been ravaged by war for decades, as his own brother, and ended the endless war with very little money. It's really Kou Zhun's credit, because of the economy.

So after peace, Song Zhenzong once loved Kou Zhun. But for the young emperor, capable Kou Zhun, there is obviously a lack of understanding. At least not as good as his father Song Taizong.

Song Zhenzong is known as the master of "wisdom and understanding" in history. Compared with the chaotic image in Yang Jiajiang's story, he is a very clever and capable person. During his reign, he pioneered the "rule of virtue and fairness" and was famous for his high efficiency and incorruptibility. Many contemporary scholars also believe that this seemingly low-key place is the most anti-corruption emperor in the history of China.

Compared with his father Song Taizong, Song Zhenzong has a good face, though not enough. This is also the biggest weakness of his character. Ambitious Kou Zhun dismissed this article, but his new favorite, Wang Qinruo, attached great importance to it. It was this article that made Wang Qinruo poke a hole in Kou Zhun: once Wang Qinruo and Song Zhenzong chatted, when talking about Kou Zhun's contribution, Wang Qinruo pretended to be surprised and said, "Your Majesty, do you think Khan's alliance has merit?" Kou Zhun is gambling with Liao. You and Liao signed an alliance at the gate. What a pity!

With this sentence, Song Zhenzong's impression of Kou Zhun suddenly took a 180 degree turn. Although Song Zhenzong didn't break the contract, this honor soon became a huge stain on his mind. Kou Zhun was unlucky, too. Finally, two years later, he was demoted to the governor of Shaanxi Province.

But unlike before, Kou Zhun's fame has spread all over the world. Although the official has been demoted, his popularity is rising. A few years later, Kou Zhun became a local official in Shaanxi Province, Henan Province, and became famous all over the world. Even the place where his sedan chair passed was watched by many people, which was more lively than today's fans watching stars. More importantly, every time his boss comes to check his work, he is polite to him, just like serving the leader. Eldest brother was demoted to the grassroots, or eldest brother.

In this way, Kou Zhun lived thirteen years. His outstanding performance and strong reputation have also made him a world-famous heavyweight. The impact of high-level power finally made him surface again: 10 19, the rising star of North Korean politics, Song, took the initiative to invite Kou Zhun to join the DPRK.

Ding Wei was a famous painter and traitor in Song Dynasty. As far as ability is concerned, even many modern engineering management scholars believe that Song is the originator of this major. This person is good at planning and engineering construction, and his unique engineering management theory has a far-reaching impact on the future military system reform and water conservancy construction. But as far as quality is concerned, this person is also wicked enough. He knows how to judge the situation and make tiger skins with banners. At this time, his strength has soared, but his qualifications are still very shallow. If you want to create motivation, you must borrow it. Kou Zhun is the best flag.

But he did it so blatantly that when the wind blew, everyone on earth knew. Many good friends of Kou Zhun sincerely advised Kou Zhun not to look at the goods. But Kou Zhun readily agreed and went to Beijing in June.

Judging from the emotion selected from Kou Zhun's personal prose, Kou Zhun has been reluctant to part with its superficial scenery for 13 years. As a tough politician, he misses the great achievements and ambitions he has never shown in the past few years. So, if you know this is a pit, you should jump in bravely.

But I'm afraid he doesn't even feel too deep. Jumping in not only ruined the future, but also almost ruined the integrity.

Since returning to the position of prime minister, Kou Zhun's life has become very beautiful again. Especially in the Song Dynasty, one of his new friends, Ding Wei, told his old-timer Kou Zhun that he was very respectful in public. Even at the banquet, Kou Zhun's beard was stained by soup, and Ding Wei of Song Dynasty immediately dealt with it and offered to help him clean it. Thus, a proverb came into being: take your beard.

But Kou Zhun was unstable about this urgent concern and was furious on the spot. After fierce criticism, the face of the Song Dynasty was completely swept away and became an official joke.

Perhaps in Kou Zhun's personal view, such criticism is no big deal. Even if you are dissatisfied with Song, it is not a big deal. However, the arrogant Kou Zhun obviously didn't expect the destructive power of the younger generation of Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty.

Ding Wei in Song Dynasty, as a bad man with both ability and political integrity, was never a schemer in framing people's knowledge. According to the history of Song Dynasty, since then, he has always wanted to teach Kou Zhun a cruel lesson. It happened that the prince was seriously ill, the prince was still young, and Queen Liu was eager to control the state affairs, so she hit it off with the Song Dynasty and hooked up smoothly.

And Kou Zhun is obviously not all the way. He has always opposed the harem. But in the Song Dynasty, Ding Wei was the first to dismiss from office, demanding that Kou Zhun be named Lai Guogong, which was equivalent to kicking upstairs and kicking off the post of Prime Minister. At this time, Zhou Huaizheng, an eunuch who had enemies with Song, tried to launch a coup, but was turned back by Song's opponent, the old eunuch, and was completely defeated overnight. The Song Dynasty also took this opportunity to drag Kou Zhun into this scandal, insisting that Kou Zhun was the chief culprit of Zhou Huaizheng's insurrection, and one of the main purposes of the insurrection was Kou Zhun's rebellion.

The consequences of this riot are more serious than the last strike. Not only did he lose his official position this time, but Kou Zhun's proudest honor in his life was basically destroyed. After Song Zhenzong's death, the missing Kou Zhun was exiled to Leizhou. This was the most cruel punishment in the Song Dynasty, when civil servants didn't kill them.

But when the enemy arrived in Ganzhou, Kou Zhun, who had been wronged, remained as calm as ever. In the hard life of Leizhou, I often chat with guests besides studying hard. His life is very relaxed and happy. What he knows is that he will be discharged from the army, but what he doesn't know is that he is on vacation. His excellent performance made many colleagues feel ashamed. For example, after hearing the news of Kou Zhun, Minister Li defeated the Song Dynasty, and Kou Zhun's glorious deeds were widely circulated among the people. At that time, people in the Song Dynasty were full of praise for it, and there was a famous folk song: If you want to make the world better, call you old; If you want to make the world a better place, you should go to Ding.

In particular, Kou Zhun, who has always had a bad reputation, has a more tolerant side when dealing with enemies like Ding Wei. Later, the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei also collapsed, which was unlucky. Exile, passing through Kou Zhun. The disciples of Kou's relatives and friends were very excited when they heard the news. They planned to block the road and teach the Song Dynasty a lesson. Kou Zhun know, hurriedly stop, but let ding feel free to leave.

After Kou Zhun's death, his coffin was sent back to Luoyang for burial. When passing through Hubei, the local people planted bamboo on the ground and hung sacrifices on it to express their memory of the politician. Kou Zhun suffered a strange injustice in his later years. When he commemorates this scene, he should have no regrets.