There were several famous monks in ancient China. What is their contribution?

Dharma, Tianzhu people. Liang Datong landed in Guangzhou in the first year and went to China to spread Buddhism and religion. When Dharma crossed the Yangtze River and entered the Northern Wei Dynasty, he first visited Luoyang, then went to Shaolin Temple and stayed in a cave on Wushan Mountain in Feng Ru for nine years. He founded China Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism and Buddhism on the basis of Mahayana doctrine and China spirit, and was honored as the ancestor. Among many seekers, Dharma chose to pass on his mantle to Hui Ke. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Tian Ping reached its peak in three years. Dead and silent, buried in Xiong' er Mountain. Its tower stands in Ding Lin Temple.

Tang Xuanzang: In 629, Xuanzang resolutely left Chang 'an and ventured to Tianzhu. During his ten years in Tianzhu, Xuanzang followed and consulted many famous monks. The temples he stayed in are famous Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism. In 643, Xuanzang set out for China with great honor and brought back 657 Buddha statues. It took him more than ten years to translate about 1330 volumes of scripture into Chinese, at the Copper Hall in Yucheng, Sichuan, China, about150km north of Xi 'an. Xuanzang himself is most interested in the "knowledge-only" part. These Buddhist scriptures later spread from China to Korea, Xi 'an, Ban, Dao, Vietnam, South, Japan and Japan. Xuanzang founded Chinese, Chinese, French, Chinese, Wei, Zhi and Zong on the basis of translation, interpretation, canon and interpretation, but his theory deeply influenced other schools. Lu Shi translated 74 classics and theories in his life, with a total volume of 1338, which is the highest among all translators in China. Besides, The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang, dictated by Master Xuanzang and written by his disciple monk, is a classic, classic, travel notes and notes in the history of China. What's more, due to the lack of printing, calendars and historical records, this precious travel book has become an indispensable document for historical and cultural scholars to study ancient heaven, Zhu, earth, philosophy, calendar and history.

Monks and their entourage: At the age of 21, due to the death of their parents, they met Master Yuquan Hongjing of Tiantai Sect and had the idea of becoming a monk. So he became a monk at the door of Master Puji in Songshan. Because he went deep into the "first line samadhi", his dharma name was first line. Later, he studied Buddhist classics and astronomical mathematics in Songshan and yuquan temple. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan, Li Longji sent someone to take him back to Chang 'an, participated in the classic translation of Sumitomo Buddha, and assisted in the translation of Dasunjing in the ninth year of Kaiyuan. On the recommendation of Zhang, Xuanzong of Tang ordered his party to preside over the revision of the new calendar, Dayanli. In the same year, together with Liang Lingzan, he designed and manufactured astrometric instruments such as zodiac, armillary sphere and complex moment. He measured the equatorial coordinates of the stars with the newly-made zodiac navigator, and found that there was a great change from the measurement results in the Han Dynasty, which was almost a thousand years earlier than the self-viewpoint put forward by 17 12 in Britain, China, heaven, literature, science, home, Kazakhstan and Lei. In the 12th year of Kaiyuan, a delegation conducted a large-scale national astronomical survey, from Tiele in the north to Jiaozhou in the south, and measured the heights of the Sun Shadow and Polaris at 65,438+03 locations. The distance between four locations in Henan Province was also measured. This is the first large-scale geodetic survey in the history of China. As a result, the traditional saying that "the sun is an inch away" was overthrown. According to the measurement results, the length of the earth meridian can be calculated, which is the first time in the history of science to determine the length of the meridian through observation. In the year when The Great Yan Li was finalized, a group of people fell ill and died.

Jian Zhen: In 42 AD, he arrived in Yangzhou as a monk, a monk, A Rong, A Rui and A Pu, and begged Jian Zhen to go to Japan to teach "real" Buddhism, teach Japanese, believe, be a disciple, teach and abstain. The under the temptation and the Four Altars created by Jian Zhen have also become the only places where Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, the day before, the day before, the day before, the day before, the day before, and the day before. Jian Zhen is also known as Japan, Japan, France, Buddhism, Chu and Zu. Jian Zhen not only brought Buddhism and classics to Japan, but also promoted the spread of Japanese culture in Japan and Japan. In Buddhism, religion, medicine and calligraphy, Jian Zhen has a far-reaching influence on Japan and Japan. Jian Zhen and his disciples also have profound attainments in calligraphy. On his sixth trip to the East, he brought a book of Wang Xizhi's running script, three original works of funeral, chaos, post and Wang Xianzhi's running script, and 50 volumes of other calligraphy. This greatly promoted the formation of Japan, Japan, calligraphy and Taoism. Jian Zhen himself is also a famous calligrapher, and his "please, classics, books and stickers" are praised as Japanese, Japanese, Chinese and precious.

Kumarajiva: Kumarajiva has made great contributions to East Asia, Buddhism, religion, classics and canon. Roche began to translate scriptures in Mingxi Pavilion and Xiaoyao Garden. According to Chu, San, Zang, Ji and Ji, Roche translated 74 Buddhist scriptures in 384 volumes, including Jin, Gang, Jing, A, Mi, Tuo, Jing 1 volume and Zuo, Chan and San. In addition, Lushan Mountain has three volumes of Hui Yuan's letters "Da, Cheng, Da, Yi and Zhang", and the "Annotation, Wei, Mo and Jing" 10 volume compiled by disciples has been left behind. Three thousand disciples, including Seng Zhao, Daosheng, Daorong and Guan Hui, entered the room, and later generations called them the Four Sages, Eight Juns and Ten Philosophers. His translated scriptures are accurate and far-reaching for the future, the world, Buddhism, religion, realm, shadow and influence. And leave "the color is the same, the space is the same; Color is empty, and empty is color. Zan and Ning praised the translation of Beijing Dialect as "naturally interesting in western languages". Although there are many versions of "Jin, Gang and Jing", Kumarajiva's translation has always been told in Buddhism, religion and the world. Kumarajiva's translation has reached perfection and formed a unique four-sentence writing system, which is called "translation style".

Truth: In the second year of Taiqing, Sanzang arrived in Jianye from Xitian and Zhu San Road, and was forced to flee because of Hou Jing rebellion, making it difficult for him to gain a foothold in Suzhou and Hangzhou. Later, he began to translate 365,438+05 into 76 volumes, including Taking a Picture, Being Big, Being Multiplied and Going Up. Ouyang Li, who was assassinated, supported him wholeheartedly, and Zhikai and others also took refuge, thus continuing his translation and popularizing Buddhism. The classic translation of true meaning is characterized by speaking while translating, and translation and narration go hand in hand, often engaging in "semantic annotation". Historical records record that he "demonstrates and explains circularly and repeats solemnly, but it is corresponding." One chapter and one sentence, prepare for research, and if it is true, it will be a text. "Under his influence, schools of photography, theory, religion, furniture, houses and religion were established.

Fa Xian: Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty lasted for three years, and Fa Xian was in his sixties. He and his classmates Hui Jing, Daozheng, Huiying and Wei Hui set out from Chang 'an to the west. When I arrived in Zhangye, I met, Hui Jian, Shao Monk, Bao Yun and Jing Monk and went to Dunhuang together. Li Hao, the governor of Dunhuang, provided five people to cross streams, sands, rivers, Jing, Shan, Wu, Mao and Guo. The monks traveling with Fa Xian, or to Gaochang, or to the guests, Fa Xian and other three people crossed the green ridge and arrived in Beitian and Zhuzhu. When he wanted to go to China, Tiandao, Zhu, Qiu, Cheng, Jie and Fa to cross the small snow-capped mountains in the south, he died because of the snowstorm, and the scenery was infinite. Harmony and Daoism are arriving in China, where they learn from Heaven and Zhu, and gain knowledge of ink, residence, monks, wisdom and dharma. I studied Sanskrit in China, Tianjin and Zhu for three years. Tao Zheng later decided to stay in Tian Zhong, and Zhu Faxian prepared to return to China with Fa Ben. After going through difficulties and obstacles on the way, I arrived in lion, son and country in six years. After staying here for two years, I got a collection of rice, sand, race, France, Chang, A, Han, Jing, Za, A, Han, Jing and Za. Fa Xian studied in ancient times, capitals, Afghanistan, slaves, Romania, Tuo, Chengdu and other places for eight years. He returned from the sea with many Sanskrit scriptures and finally landed on the south bank of prison hill in Changguang County, Qingzhou. After returning to China, he settled in Nanjing and translated classics, jurisprudence and theories in 24 volumes in six parts: Buddhism, Tuo, Postscript, Tuo and Luohe. He is the author of Dharma, Manifestation and Biography (also known as Buddhism, Country and Record), which is an important material for studying the history, geography, customs, Buddhism and religion of ancient China, Asia, South Asia and Asia today.

Huai Su: When Huai Su meditates, he also likes pen and ink. He went west to Chang 'an and then moved to Jingzhao. Visiting celebrities in the Tang Dynasty and searching for the posthumous notes of the former dynasty greatly improved the level of calligraphy. Huai Su is often ill. Every time he recovers, his calligraphy posture will change. According to legend, the bald pen became a grave, plantain was widely planted, and banana leaves were used instead of paper to practice calligraphy, so the place where he lived was called "Qingmiao". Huai Su became famous in his early thirties, when he came to Chang 'an. Huai Su's early calligraphy works are full of strokes, ups and downs, healthy and slow posture, and different, because he is a woman, a girl, a rotten woman, a loose figure, an image and an undiminished emotion. He is generous, unrestrained and quite alcoholic. Whenever he is in a good mood, he will write anything when he meets temple walls, clothes and utensils. People in the Tang Dynasty called him a "drunken monk". Huai Su cursive script is like a whirlwind, and every word flies. The pen is like a hairspring, and the circle rotates. Although wild and easy, the statutes are there. Old age is often dull.

Guan Xiu: Guan Xiu is proficient in poetry and painting. Xin once praised Guan embroidery: "A talented person is quick in thinking and sharp in writing. It used to be called the dragon elephant, but the donkey couldn't reach it when he stepped on it. He was one of the fruit monks. " In particular, he is famous for painting arhats. "Hu is like a fan and enjoys it." Xuanhe Huapu said that Guan Xiu's Lohan "looks at the past and is wild, and is unique in the world. It is rich, frowning, with deep eyes, a big nose or a big neck. " According to legend, "the original works are in Yuntang Courtyard in Xishan, Zhang Yu, and ... welcoming guests and praying for rain have all come true." Say Miffy's word, and the teacher closes it. There is a collection of poems, Xiyue Collection, which has been handed down from generation to generation. I lived in Tangshan for fourteen years in my later years. Together with Miracle and Jiao Ran, they are famous for their poems and are called "Tang Sanzang". Later generations compiled poems of three monks in the Tang Dynasty. After two years of drying, he died at the age of 8 1 in Qianshu.

Monk Huai Bing was a real man in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to historical records, the monk Huai Bing was born smart and thoughtful, and he solved many engineering problems at that time. Really booked the 13 pagoda, the middle pillar was broken, and the pagoda tilted to the northwest. The monk Huai Bing made another pillar, replaced the bad pillar and straightened the pagoda. The stone bridge on the Weihe River in Zhaozhou is about to collapse. The monk Huai Bing said that pouring iron into the stone under the bridge helps to straighten up. Villagers enthusiastically donated stones, soldiers and monks dug holes in the stones, and molten iron crossed them to straighten the stone bridge.

Master, common name Li, Shu and Tong, originally from Pinghu, Zhejiang, was born in Tianjin. He is not only a talented artist, craftsman, teacher, educator, educator, but also a generation of monks. This master of "Twenty Shocking Seas" who combines poetry, ci, calligraphy and painting, seal cutting, music, drama and literature has created splendid Chinese culture and art in many fields. He pushed China's ancient calligraphy art to the extreme, "simple and complete, muddy and natural", and modern cultural celebrities such as Lu, Xun, Guo, Mo and Ruo. Proud of being able to take pictures of the master. He was the first person to spread, broadcast and learn from China, China, the West, the East, the South, the East, sound and music. He wrote the song Farewell, which has been sung for decades and has become a classic. He painstakingly became a Buddhist, did not eat in the afternoon, diligently studied, studied, taught, taught, taught, and learned all sentient beings, and was regarded as the dharma, Sect, and ancestor by Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, and Buddhism. He left the world with inexhaustible spiritual wealth, and his life was full of legends. He is a typical figure of China's magnificence and simplicity. Master Zeng Zeng of Taixu: Teach initiation, cultivate one's morality, be clean inside and outside, and be bodhi. Mr. Zhao Puchu's evaluation of the master's life is: a full moon shines in the sky, and endless treasures are available for the world to see.