Chen Shijie writes characters and poems.

Being a man is one realm, and writing poetry is another.

Therefore, the method of writing poetry is different from the way of being a man.

Li Yu of A Qing dynasty put it well:

"... if you can't hold it, you can't retreat. If you use it as a person, you can't have it. If you take it as a poem, you can't have it "(1) His meaning is clear: people should be what they seem, duplicity, duplicity; Poetry is absolutely impossible, because: "If you say it directly, there will be no aftertaste." ⑵

? Speak honestly.

I can't remember when I read a joke. A woman said "yes" and a diplomat said "no".

To be such a person, it is inevitable that there is a suspicion of "huahuachangzi". Therefore, as the saying goes, "people should be solid and fire should be hollow." Practicality and honesty are virtues; Fire should be hollow, empty, breathable and breathable.

It can be seen that being a man must be realistic; However, poetry should not be too honest.

Because of dishonesty, you have few friends; Writing poems is too honest, which makes it much more difficult for your readers.

For example, you broke your word again and again, deceiving your superiors and deceiving your subordinates, and no one came to eat even when you were down and out.

For example, write a poem: if you don't say "affectionate, you are always heartless, and you won't laugh until you feel respected." Candles have a heart to say goodbye and cry for others until dawn. "(3) Say," We should separate and sit face to face and wipe our tears ". The door is wide open and you can see everything. Who wants to see it?

Therefore, "whoever is straightforward, who writes poetry is expensive." ⑷

My understanding is that people's personality is straightforward and the expression of poetry is tortuous. Compromise is an implicit expression.

So I said, poetry is a realm, and being a man is another realm. You can't write a poem like a person, nor can you be a person like a poem.

Poetry should be expressed in words, and people should spread it.

Here, poetry and human language have their similarities.

Poetry should be beautiful. The imagery of poetry should be beautiful, the artistic conception of poetry should be beautiful and the language of poetry should be more beautiful.

Ai Qing, an old poet, said: "Poetry is the language of art-the highest language, the purest language." ? The Italian poet Boccaccio said that poetry is a kind of "exquisite language".

In real life, people have unconsciously regarded "poetry" as a synonym for "beauty".

For example:

-How poetic this environment is!

-How poetic this job is!

-How poetic this life is!

-how poetic this man is!

In fact, the same is true:

A truly beautiful life is essentially poetic;

A truly beautiful person is also poetic in nature;

Even beautiful novels, essays and music paintings are poetic in nature;

Therefore, poetry should exclude all ugly images and all filthy language.

People should also be beautiful. Sun Tzu said, "Giving people words is more important than pearls and jade, and hurting people with words is more important than swords and halberds." In the same way, if you give it to others, it is more valuable than the value of jewelry; Hurting words hurt more than stabbing halberd with a knife.

Therefore, as the saying goes, a good word is warm in three winters and a bad word is cold in June.

Tell the truth. Language beauty is the window of spiritual beauty, and the quality of this window directly affects a person's image. Many people have had such an aesthetic experience:

A girl with beautiful appearance and fashionable dress, walking in the street, will silently touch people's eyes. If she suddenly comes up with a "fucking X". This rude language will immediately form a very sharp contrast with the same beautiful appearance. At this time, all people's aesthetic feelings will be destroyed, and some will turn their faces away. I call this kind of young lady: "this man's silence is better than his voice"; I send this lady a sentence: "If you want people to praise good colors, I advise you to be silent forever."

Therefore, as a person, no matter whether you are beautiful or ugly, you should be artistic, polite and polite when you speak.

You can even delete another grid:

People can be vulgar, but the words can't be rough. People are vulgar, others just know that you are naked; Bad language often makes people fall into an awkward position, and it is really difficult to get along with each other.

The same is true in poetry. Poetry can be familiar, but it can't be vulgar. That poem is familiar. Because of others' intention, everyone knows that you are a master. If poetry is vulgar, every three words will be inserted, which will not only spoil the scenery, but also make it difficult to read. How can people feel happy?

For example, a poetry magazine in Northeast China once published a poem entitled Poems on chamber pot in its Love Poems album, which said: "Anu is like your concubine, but you don't sleep with your domestic slaves. When you are anxious, you will pull the slave to the bed, and when you are happy, you will be separated from the slave. "

Alas! This kind of "chamber pot" is ugly in image, obscene in taste and poor in writing, which is really "absurd prose appreciation". Seeing this poem makes people doubt the author's vulgar aesthetic taste. No wonder some readers ridiculed the poem: "A magazine claims to be a love poem, but you prefer Kong Fangxiong. When you are in a hurry, regardless of the name and reality, the urinal can also work miracles. "

Coincidentally. An old poet once wrote "confessions of dreams" after "reform and opening up", which was profound and incisive. After reading it, it is indeed as the preface of the magazine says: "thrilling." But there are six "fuck", two "fuck" and one "fuck" in the poem. I don't know why poets are so rude to women. Also, "pee in the toilet-I dare not cry", very temperate/gently put a few Xiao Pi "and so on. After reading it, if you have a good meal (because you are an old poet), you suddenly find a few dead flies, and your appetite is repeatedly hit. If you have poor tolerance, you must wash your intestines and stomach.

No wonder Ai Qing said, "Some people write poems like diarrhea."

I'm afraid these poets talk as if they were taking out the garbage.

There is an old saying in literary criticism: style is people.

The "style" here, I understand it as the style of poetry; I understand the "people" here as the temperament of a poet.

From this point of view, style is human, and it is actually the consistent relationship between the poet's creative personality and the style of his works.

Yuan Mei said, "Poetry can't be written without me". Poets in poetry often have different styles because of "different personalities and different faces". Personality and style are different, but for a person, personality and style are similar.

It is said that Su Dongpo once asked a good singer what is the difference between his ci and Liu Yong's ci? The screen man replied, "Langzhong (Liu Yong) is only a 17-year-old woman, holding a red tooth plate and singing the waning moon;" A bachelor's degree must be a big man in Kansai, a big iron plate, singing the river and not returning. "

Mu Shi's words are very vivid. Su Ci is about people with the same personality as Xi Dahan, so it is enough to make peace with iron plates. Liu Ci, on the other hand, needs a young woman from the south of the Yangtze River, holding a red tooth plate in her hand and singing and dancing to convey her charm slowly. So is Su Ci, and so is his poem. Yuan Mei said, "Su Shi, like a husband, came out with great strides. Huang is like a woman who sees people and paints with heavy makeup. " 5] This not only evaluates their differences in poetic style, but also points out their differences in personality. Sue is straightforward. Generally speaking, he will never "make up"; Huang (Tingjian)' s poems are decorated, and his people will never stride to welcome guests.

At this point, it can be said that there is no difference between Su Shi, Su Ci, Liu Ci and Huang Shi. Here, we can draw an equal sign between the style of poetry and the temperament of the poet, that is, the so-called style is people.

Many poets in ancient China took the theory of human nature as their own style. In addition to the above, the poet jade chip is also like this:

"Wei Wudi is like a veteran of Youyan, full of energy; Cao Zijian is like a teenager in Sanhe, enjoying himself; ……"⑹

? It can be seen that the style of poetry is like this, and the poet's temperament will not change much. As Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "His writing style often exposes his true nature. The anxious style cannot be completely replaced by clear, heroic brushwork and prudence. The text is like a person, not here. " ⑺

Character is a human virtue. People's cultivation is good or bad, so people's morality is also high or low. This is a question of being a man.

Poetry is the virtue of poetry. The purpose of poetry creation is different, so poetry morality has both advantages and disadvantages. This is a matter of poetry.

Some ancient poetics believe that the two are completely consistent. They drew an equal sign between character and poetry. For example, "high character leads to high poetry quality, regular mind and positive poetry style"; Being "Poetry is a short journey for people, ... seeing his poems is like seeing his people" (9) and so on.

Actually, it is not.

We don't deny that "high character leads to high poetry quality, correct mind and correct poetic style", but it is not all "high character leads to high character, correct poetic style and correct mind and method".

As can be said, any successful person must be a hard worker, but it cannot be said that any hard worker must be a successful person.

Wu Chuhou's "Blue Box Miscellaneous Notes" volume 8 said: "The article is pure and ancient, and harmless is evil. The article is gorgeous and harmless. The world or people who see articles spreading benevolence, righteousness and morality are called gentlemen, while flowers and the moon are exposed, which is called evil. This is endless. " Wu believes that the quality of literature can not prove the quality of character, but an upright person can make "bad writing". So "if you speak your mind word by word, someone will be wronged infinitely." For example, inferring people's debauchery from the debauchery of literature will definitely lead to unjust, false and wrong cases. The fifth chapter of Wang Guowei's Review of A Dream of Red Mansions says: "If outsiders can't understand all kinds of realms and characters in the book, the works of the Water Margin are also prostitutes, covering people's eyes and ears!" ⑾ According to this inference, ⑾ is completely established, that is, "either the article is regarded as the confession of the criminal and the confession is finally determined, or the article is regarded as the secret code for the secret delivery of the spy." If so, "the author is worried and he is prepared." [13] When all articles are "noble" and become lofty words, do they all become "noble people"?

That was not the case.

Wei Shuzi said, "The article has never been handed down from the world since Wei and Jin Dynasties. The ancients were prepared, exemplary, learned, loyal, filial, benevolent, intelligent and brave. As we learn from day to day, a big traitor can be a big loyal minister, and even a clumsy one can attack a smart one. Although Mencius knows his words, he cannot judge people by their words. " [14] Obviously, Wei believes that evil people can make serious words, such as big fakes and big traitors can make patriotic rhetoric.

Zhao Gou, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, once wrote a quatrain on the Jinshan Mountain: "A few days later, the town flowed and 200 states in the southeast were crushed. Crazy will break, why bother to fight on the ground? " In the poem, he pretends to be the mainstay against foreign enemies. In fact, he is a mediocre gentleman who humiliated his country and surrendered to foreign enemies. Therefore, Hu Yinglin's poem "Poetry" comments that the poem is "not like a person". It can be seen that if we only understand this poem from its impassioned tone, we will be deceived by Zhao Gou and mistakenly think that he is a strong patriotic fighter of human nature!

For another example, a snob with a mean and vulgar heart adorns an indifferent and noble gentleman. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a Pan Yue named An Ren, who was famous for his poems. His "Idle Residence Fu" was all the rage. The work depicts himself as a noble saint who is indifferent to fame and fortune and forgets fame and fortune. Yang Xiong's "Ask God through the Eyes" said: "Words are also heartfelt; Books, heart paintings. Sound painting, gentlemen and villains see it. " From this point of view, Pan An can be described as a "immortal" saint who is not contaminated with the world of mortals. And history records show that Pan Yue is "frivolous and impetuous, pursuing the interests of the world", while Shi Chong flatters Jia Mi, and every time he comes out, he worships the dust. [14] It turns out that Pan Yue is a mean person who is greedy for fame and fortune, worships, goes with the flow and has a humble personality. Therefore, Jin Renyuan Haowen questioned Yang Xiong's words: "The heart is always distorted. Will the article meet people again?"? "The high-spirited" Idle Residence Fu "is anxious to know that Anren is on the way to worship the dust?"

As we all know, Yuan Mei thought that "expressing ambition through poetry" should not be too restrained. He said, "A poet has a lifelong ambition. The ambition of the day, the ambition outside the poem, the ambition outside the event, the occasional prosperity, the lingering scene, that is, the ambition of the poem, the words of the ambition can not be killed. " There is another situation, that is, "creating feelings for writing" and "worrying about adding new words" In this case, that feeling, that sadness, that love is hypocrisy, hypocrisy. Therefore, "Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Qing" said: "Words are contrary to your will, and words are not enough to prove it!" It's really inappropriate to testify. The purpose of "speaking against one's will" is varied: selling or fishing for fame, deceiving the world or making profits, and so on. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, a woman in France said, "If my behavior is harmful to morality, I will use my words to compensate." . She did something immoral and made up for it with articles and words. Don't be cheated! However, if you infer from the sentence "writing is like a man", you will be fooled. It is not uncommon for such literati and literary circles to "do something wrong".

As early as the Qing Dynasty, Chen found two kinds of literati in the history of literature, namely, "lack of character but high quality of poetry" and "lack of words but high quality of character", and then asserted that "poetry does not determine character". Yes, you can't judge character by the quality of poetry. However, how to deal with this phenomenon of dislocation between personality and poetry?

I think, being a man and writing poetry, one is a moral standard, the other is an aesthetic standard. We don't need to combine the two, we can decide the quality of poetry by character and the quality of poetry by character. It should be Ding Ding, Mao Mao, poetry is said in evaluation, and people say it in discussion. "Love me, love my dog" and "those who hate others, hate others and save their wealth" are not a calm attitude towards learning. The correct way is: "I despise Ruan Dayue, but I can still like his Swallow Notes, which means, for example, my cook commits adultery, and her cooking can still be delicious." "A man can write a masterpiece of a novel. Since he has nothing to gain, I still want to read it." That's right!

In fact, this is in line with today's interpersonal theory: things are not people.

To sum up, poetry is not for people to see; Right things not people; Poetry is called poetry when you say it, and people are judged when you say it. This is the correct attitude.

I don't think such a beautiful poem as "Once the sea is difficult for water, it will always be amber" (Yuan Zhen's Four Poems of Leaving Thoughts) is a playboy's diary or even a prostitute's experience, and I have nothing to say.

On the other hand, although we can separate being a man from writing poems, we still hope that poets can talk about "literary conscience", be a noble person, write Gog's poems, "shoulder morality with iron shoulders" and "write articles with skills". It is really "high character, high quality of poetry, positive mentality and good quality of poetry." (2 1)

At this point, looking back at the title of this article, I still have an idea that it doesn't matter if I can't write well, I can do it if I can't write well, and I can change careers. If you don't have the talent to be a poet, you will suffer for life, but if you don't do well, you have to stop. However, the most taboo is that the poem is not good, and people have not done it well.

note:

(1) Li Yu's My Opinion on Ci, see Zheng Dian and Tan Quanji's Collection of Ancient Chinese Rhetoric, published by the Commercial Press, 1980.

(2) Wei Tai's Hermit Poems of Han Dynasty, see Zheng Dian and Tan Quanji's China Ancient Rhetoric Collection, published by the Commercial Press, 1980.

(3) Du Mu's Farewell and Detailed Explanation of 300 Tang Poems, published by Zhonghua Book Company 1957.

(4) [5] Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden 1982 People's Literature Publishing House.

[6] Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Chips, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1982.

(7) Selected Works of Qian Zhongshu was published by Huacheng Publishing House in 199 1 year.

There is (2 1) Ji Yun's Preface to Poetry Teaching, and Ji Wenda's Collection of Public Legacies, Volume 8.

(9) For Xu Zeng's poems about Yan Yan, see Zheng Dian and Tan Quanji's Collection of Ancient Chinese Rhetoric, published by the Commercial Press, 1980.

⑽ The Retreat Collection (volume 1 1 Review of Reading History) is quoted from Selected Works of Qian Zhongshu, published by Huacheng Press 199 1.

[14] Wei's Daily Record, see Zheng Dian and Tan Quanji's Collection of Ancient Chinese Rhetoric, published by the Commercial Press, 1980.

⒂ Poems of Hu Yinglin, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1958.

[14] Pan Yuechuan, Book of Jin.

⒄ "Kokura Mountain Residence" Volume 10.

For "Bai Yuzhai's" written by Chen, see "Collection of Rhetoric of Ancient Chinese" edited by Zheng Dian and Tan Quanji, published by the Commercial Press, 1980.

⒇ Lin Yutang collects Lin Yutang.

(2020.5.5)