What are the hull structures of warships and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

Transverse skeleton structure, the biggest difference between transverse skeleton structure and longitudinal skeleton structure is: in longitudinal skeleton structure, not every rib position (rib position is the positioning of the captain's direction, which is generally expressed by FRXX in shipbuilding design software, and the positioning distance between the rib position and the next rib position is about 60CM) is arranged, but in transverse skeleton structure, every rib position should be arranged longitudinally (the rib is divided into solid ribs), and no longitudinal keel is arranged, but only in the middle. Now let's talk about the side structure of the hull (the side is the so-called two sides of the ship), which is also divided into two structures: longitudinal keel and transverse beam. Generally, civilian ships are of this structure, while warships and tankers are of longitudinal structure. In the transverse structure, a main rib is usually arranged at each side rib position (ribs are divided into inter-deck ribs, main ribs and strong ribs), but a strong rib (usually T-shaped) is arranged after several rib positions, and a side longitudinal truss (also T-shaped) is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the captain, and the side longitudinal truss meets the main rib or deck.

Lateral and longitudinal frame structures are generally used in warships and oil tankers. Up to now, the biggest difference between its structure and the lateral structure of the transverse bone is that not only the lateral longitudinal truss with T-section is arranged longitudinally, but also the lateral longitudinal frame with spherical flat steel is adopted. When they meet the ribs, they are broken and passed on. In the rib position, not every rib position is provided with ribs, but every rib position is provided with strong ribs.

In the double bottom structure, the connection between the bottom rib and the rib is connected by the elbow plate, and the connection between the support beam and the rib under the deck is also connected by the elbow plate. However, there will be a problem here, that is, the connection between deck beams and ribs is elastic during shipbuilding, that is, both of them must be connected with elbow plates and cannot touch each other, because there is a stress concentration problem in engineering mechanics, so it will be very dangerous to offset their stress concentration after launching.

Well, this morning's lecture is over. If you have any questions or suggestions, please leave me a message.

Since it is a military group, at least I can talk to you about warships. Hehe, I hope you don't joke. I read an article on the forum that if TG opens all the powerful shipyards in the country to build invincible military industry, I think this statement is a bit inappropriate. Although the shipbuilding capacity of many domestic shipyards can reach hundreds of thousands of tons, the requirements for military products are too strict, not technical problems but technological problems. The process water of civilian ships can't be compared with military products at all, that is to say, other military products require less than five bubbles in the weld. As for civilian ships, that doesn't mean you have such a big shipyard or wharf, but you need thousands of skilled old welders. In fact, military ships are not much different from civilian ships in structure, but they are very different in materials and technology, so many shipyards have the ability to build such a large civilian ship. Hull lines and rib lines are the most important in the hull. The hull line type determines the size of the ship and various hull coefficients. That is to say, when designing a ship, its hull line is the most important secret, including the hull line of the warship itself, but the hull line of the military ship is confidential and we can't get it. Generally, you can find the structural drawing or general layout of a ship, but you will never get the hull line. Well, to get to the point, the hull line diagram is a streamlined surface with longitudinal and transverse double curvature, and its true shape cannot be completely expressed by three views, so it is expressed by line diagram. Because the hull deck has a certain thickness and the thickness distribution is uneven, the hull shape represented by the line chart is the inner surface of the hull, and the line chart is an important whole ship chart. Its main functions are: 1 to indicate the shape and size of the hull surface, 2 to be the main basis for calculating the navigation performance of the ship, 3 to be the standard for drawing other ship drawings, and 4 to be the basis for hull lofting (I will focus on hull lofting later, and hull lofting is the most important in shipbuilding).

A-shaped line chart consists of 1 vertical section line chart, 2 horizontal section line chart and 3 half-angle water line chart. I won't talk about the rest of the concept of line drawing, because it involves majors, and it can't be made clear in one or two sentences. Now, how to make a preliminary design before shipbuilding by using the profile? In the design, there are special software for setting out hull lines, such as HDSHM of Hudong Zhonghua and TRIBON of Sweden, which are widely used in China, and TRIBON is commonly used in super-large shipyards. The data obtained from the profile table is input by profile lofting software and smoothly modified until it is perfect. Generally, this kind of work requires people who are patient and calm. Well, the arranged ship will become a 3D hull line. You can make its hull for it, and use professional calculation software to calculate all kinds of information of the ship, such as the static water curve table, and calculate its floating center and stability. Then, through other functions in the lofting software, the rib diagram can be automatically generated (rib diagram is a diagram composed of multiple curves). Its appearance is to unfold the ship plate in the future, and cut out the steel plate of its size according to the unfolded pattern of the outer plate. Then, the steel plate will be welded to the ship. This kind of plate, that is, the hull shell plate, is usually nested by the same expansion, nested by nesting software, and automatically cut by numerical control cutting machine. Omitted a lot in the middle, and then sent the hull structure drawing produced by CAD to the production design department. They use special hull modeling software to simulate the internal structure of the hull. TRIBON, a software widely used in large domestic shipyards, is super powerful (hehe, I don't need it). Generally, medium-sized shipyards can't afford such software, not to mention the annual technical support fee and personnel training fee. It is said that they developed the software EFSPD of Hudong Zhonghua, and the warships in their factory were also designed with this software. I feel that this software is very easy to use, very easy to use. It is very simple for shipyards to establish the structural model of the hull with this software. Finally, let's talk about the positioning of this software from the stern when designing civilian ships. The design of warships usually starts from the first paragraph, so the design of civilian ships and warships starts from the positioning point.

Finally, let's briefly talk about the structure of the frigate of the military ship. Hehe, if people panic, they won't keep it a secret. The structural feature of the bow part of the frigate is breaking waves. In the first section, the left and right plates are not directly connected together, but the stress is concentrated when they are directly connected together. It is necessary to make an arch post and connect two plates to the arch post for welding. We will see shallows at the bottom of the warship. The interior space is very narrow. Generally speaking, the small space in the bow part must be filled with cement. Sometimes, there will be something like the bulbous bow of a civilian ship in front of those warships. In fact, that thing in a warship can't be called a bulbous bow. It is equipped with time sonar, but I won't delete some other functions. The warship is highly resistant to sinking. Generally, civilian ships are required to sink after breaking several cabins, but the requirements of warships are.