Primary school Putonghua translation

1. The best answer to the encyclopedia of classical Chinese in primary schools (with title, translation and abbreviation) "The Son of Yang"

Selected from lesson 10 in the second volume of the fifth grade of People's Education Press.

Liang's son is nine years old and very clever. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted. In order to set fruit, the fruit has bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry."

In Liang State, there is a family named Yang. He has a nine-year-old son who is very clever. One day, Junping Kong came to visit his father. It happened that his father was not at home, so Junping Kong called the child out. The child brought Junping Kong fruits, including bayberry. Junping Kong pointed to Yangmei and showed it to the child, saying, "This is the fruit of your family." The child immediately replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is your bird."

Bo ya Jue xian

Selected from Lesson 25, Volume I, Grade Six, People's Education Press.

Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. Boya swam in the shadow of Mount Tai. When he died in the rainstorm, he stopped at the bottom of the rock and felt sad, so he played the drums with the help of the piano. At the beginning, it was Lin Yu's operation that made the voice of mountain collapse louder. Every time a song is played, Zhong Ziqi needs to be poor for its benefit. Boya gave up the piano and sighed, "Good, good! The child listens to her husband's voice, and the imagination is still in my heart. Why should I run away? "

Zhong Ziqi is a good listener. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.

Boya is good at playing the piano, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. When Boya played the piano, he thought of the towering Mount Tai in his heart. Zhong Ziqi listened with admiration: "Good! This piano sounds like the towering Mount Tai! " When Boya played the piano, he thought of the surging river in his heart. Zhong Ziqi praised: "Well, the piano sounds like a rushing river!" Boya's ideas, Zhong Ziqi can accurately tell his thoughts. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya thought that no one in the world knew his confidant better than Zhong Ziqi. So, he broke his beloved piano, cut the strings and never played the piano for life.

Junior high school should learn classical Chinese. If you are exposed from an early age, you will learn well and easily after laying a good foundation.

2. Classical Chinese translation of the original text of Chu Tan Ji in Liaoyuan is lonely. When he was a few years old, he cried to the library. The teacher said, "Why is the boy crying?" Words: "The lonely are vulnerable, and the poor are vulnerable. People who write books, scholars and relatives. First, I hope he is not lonely, and second, I hope he studies, and the center is sad, so he cries. " The teacher said sadly, "I want to study!" " Words: "No money." The teacher said, "If the boy is ambitious, I will teach him for free." So I wrote a book. In winter, I recited the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius. Ethan lost his father when he was young. When he was a few years old, he passed the bookstore and couldn't help crying. The teacher in the bookstore asked him, "Why do children cry?" Li Yuan replied: "Orphans are easy to grieve, and the poor are easy to grieve. Those who learn and can learn must be children with parents. I envy that they are not alone and that they can go to school. I feel sad inside, so I cry. The teacher said piteously, "Come if you want to study!" "Tang gaozu entered the school and studied very hard. One winter, I became familiar with The Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius. Bookstore teachers are good at finding plastic surgeons, and they are kind-hearted and compassionate. Source of learning power: the spirit of pursuing learning rights, cherishing learning opportunities and studying diligently.

After Zhuge Liang borrowed ships and ranks from Lu Su, he prepared to sail as planned. But Zhuge Liang did not move for two days in a row. It was not until four o'clock on the third night that he secretly invited Lu Su to the boat and told him to get the arrow. Lu Su asked inexplicably, "Where can I get it?" Zhuge Liang replied, "Amethyst doesn't need to ask, just ask." Lu Su was puzzled and had to accompany Zhuge Liang to see what had happened.

That night, the vast river was foggy and dark. Zhuge Liang had 20 boats tied together with long ropes and moored in the camp of Cao Jun on the north bank. By the fifth watch, the fleet was close to Cao Cao's water village. At this time, Zhuge Liang taught his soldiers to put the bow in the west and the stern in the east, horizontally in front of Cao. Then, he ordered the foot soldiers to drum and shout, deliberately creating a momentum of drum invasion. Lu Su was surprised at this scene, but Zhuge Liang told him frankly from the heart: "I knew that Cao Cao would never dare to rush into battle in this foggy night." You and I can drink as much as we like, and when the fog clears, we will come back. "

When Cao Cao heard the news, he was really worried about the fog, and he was ambushed, so he refused to go to war easily. He drove 6,000 archers from the drought village to the river, and together with the archers of the water army, * * * about 1 0,000 people, shot indiscriminately at the river in an attempt to stop the "Sun Liu Lianjun" who beat drums and called for battle. For a time, the arrow was like a migratory locust, shooting at the straw handle and curtain on the boat in the middle of the river. After a while, Zhuge Liang calmly ordered the fleet to turn around, head east and tail west, get an arrow near the water village, and let the foot soldiers beat drums and shout. When the fog cleared at sunrise, all the stalks on the boat were densely covered with arrows. At this point, Zhuge Liang ordered the fleet to turn around and return. He also ordered all the foot soldiers to shout loudly: "Thank you, Prime Minister Cao, for the arrow!" " When Cao Cao learned the truth, Zhuge Liang's arrow team had left more than 20 miles, and Cao Jun could not catch up. Cao Cao regretted it.

After the fleet returned to camp, * * * got more than 65438+ ten thousand arrows, which lasted only three days. Lu Su witnessed it and called Zhuge Aliang a "man of God". Zhuge Liang told Lu Su that he was not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also with strange Yin and Yang. It is expected that there will be heavy fog three days ago, which is conducive to the deployment and military situation in the Long March. He finally said, "My life depends on the sky. How can Duke Zhou hurt me! " When Zhou Yu learned all this, he was shocked and sighed.

4. Translation skills of classical Chinese in junior high school: three "worship" 1. Obey the original tune 2. Obey the original semantics 3. Obedience to the original habits: four steps 1.

Before translation, we should first examine the important grammatical phenomena in classical Chinese sentences. You can first copy the classical Chinese sentences to be translated on the draft paper, and then circle these grammatical phenomena with a pen to attract your attention.

2. Cut the sentences into words and explain them one by one. 3. Connect the released meanings into sentences according to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese.

4. After checking all the grammatical points of the original sentence one by one, copy the translated sentences linked on the draft paper to the answer sheet. In the process of copying, we should also achieve "three cleanness" and "three noes": "three cleanness" means that the roller surface is clean, the handwriting is clear and the strokes are clear; "Three noes" means not to scribble, not to write traditional Chinese characters and non-standard simplified characters, and not to write typos.

The translation of classical Chinese sentences is based on accurate understanding, and understanding is based on mastering a considerable number of classical Chinese notional words, function words and classical Chinese sentence patterns. Usually, the translation methods of classical Chinese can be summarized into six words: leave, right, change, complement, delete and tune.

1. Retention: that is, retention method. Keep some words in classical Chinese that have exactly the same meanings in ancient and modern times, and keep those special nouns, such as names of people, places, official names, posthumous title, year numbers, temple numbers, special titles and technical terms. And just copy it directly when translating.

For example, "In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng Zijing was ordered to guard Baling County." ("The Story of Yueyang Tower" and "Four Years of Celebration" are not translated.

Misunderstanding: strong translation. In classical Chinese, all country names, place names, people's names, official names, year numbers, object names, weights and measures, etc. Can be kept in translation, so don't force translation, because most of these words are difficult to translate in modern Chinese.

For example, "Qin Bo surrounded Zheng in the Jin Dynasty because he was rude to Jin." The Duke of Jin and the Earl of Qin surrounded Zheng because Zheng was rude to Jin.

(Jin Hou and Qin Bo should be preserved) 2. Right: that is, the translation method. Corresponding literal translation, word for word realization.

That is, translation should correspond to the original text as much as possible, basically follow the sentence pattern and style of the original text, use a large number of disyllabic words with the same morpheme, and require each word to be implemented. Such as: "break his throat, do your best, and go."

(Wolf) can be translated as: "Bite its throat and eat its meat before leaving." Misunderstanding: the translation is not translated.

Translated sentences need one-to-one correspondence, and there are few sentences that are not translated. In particular, the three function words, vice, intermediary and couplet, are often omitted in translation.

For example, "Take the other side as a great achievement and worship Shangqing." (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Translated as: "Lin Xiangru made great contributions and worshipped him as Shangqing."

(The translated sentence should be translated into "because" and "worship" instead of "to", and it should be translated into "about" to be correct. ) 3. change: that is, replacement method.

For those words whose meanings have developed, their usages have changed and their expressions have changed, modern words should be used instead in translation. For example, the word "year" for "year" should be replaced by "year or year".

Myth: Today's wine makes you drunk. With the development of society, the meanings of some words have changed, such as the expansion, narrowing and transfer of their meanings. The meaning should be determined according to the context of the original text, and never take the present meaning as the ancient meaning.

For example: 1. The messenger was overjoyed, such as offering a compliment to make Khan happy. (Biography of Su Wu) Translation: The emissary was very happy to hear this, and resigned as usual.

("Rang" is the narrowing of the meaning. In ancient Chinese, it can mean "resignation" and "humility", and it can also mean "blame". Now it is only used for resignation and humility. The word "resignation" in the translation sentence should be changed to "blame". )

Exodus 2. Qin Shihuang was not mean to his ministers. My predecessor (Liu Bei) didn't think I was stingy.

("meaning" belongs to color change. This word is a neutral word in ancient times, which means low status and shallow knowledge.

Now it is a derogatory term, referring to a person's bad behavior or morality. When translating, the present meaning should be the ancient meaning, and the ancient meaning should be used instead. )

Exodus 3. Do not love precious things, but cherish fertile land. Do not cherish pearl treasures and fertile soil.

It is inappropriate to translate "love" into "cherish". "Love" means to cherish, but in this sentence it means "stingy". ) 4. Supplement: namely, supplement method.

Fill in the relevant ellipsis components and the meaning of ellipsis. Classical Chinese is often omitted, and the subject, object and preposition "Yu" are often omitted. In order to make the translation clear and fluent, it is necessary to supplement the omitted components.

You can supplement it first, then translate it according to the regular sentence pattern, and the supplementary part is marked with brackets after translation. (1) The omitted elements in the sentence must be supplemented.

For example, he called his toast Hao, calling him a blessing and a curse, and barbarians took your words as credible. Zhejiang Volume (2004) Translation: So they called their leaders and told them their interests. All tribes believe that Xu Wei's words are credible.

This paper analyzes the sentence "Yu" and omits the pronoun "Zhi" (tribal leader), that is, "so it is used to bring misfortune and happiness", which must be supplemented in translation. (2) When words are used flexibly, relevant contents must be supplemented according to the types of flexible use.

Such as: yes, no, no, no, no, no,no. Translation: affirming what is right and denying what is wrong is called cleverness; It is foolish to deny what is right and what is definitely wrong.

Myth: (1) Should it be supplemented? In classical Chinese, some omitted elements do not need to be translated, but some omitted elements must be translated to have complete meaning.

For example, under the power of showing the group, there will be shock and will be eclipsed. (Battle of Red Cliffs) Translation: Sun Quan showed his ministers that no one had changed his face without fear.

(The word "to" is omitted after the word "to" in the sentence, which refers to Cao Cao's letters and should be added) (2) Hu Jia chaos. Generally speaking, the translation of sentences in classical Chinese must respect the original intention, and we can't add some content according to our own assumptions, or even go against the original intention.

Such as: "A threesome, there must be my teacher." Many people travel together, there must be noble people, knowledgeable people, ready to help others, and they can be my teachers.

(The phrase "a person with noble conduct, academic expertise and willingness to help others" was added at random by the translator and should be deleted. 5. Delete: that is, delete method.

Some function words in classical Chinese, such as phonetic words, auxiliary words and some conjunctions, only play a grammatical role in sentences and have no practical significance, so they can be deleted without translation. Such as: all day in the valley, pecking at moss, walking on the white stone.

Hunan Volume (2004) Translation: Being alone in the mountain stream all day.

5. Ask someone to teach primary school Chinese in classical Chinese and translate Yang's son.

Original text:

Liang's son is nine years old and very clever. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted. In order to set fruit, there are bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry."

Translation:

In Liang State, there is a family named Yang. There is a nine-year-old son at home. He is very clever. One day, Junping Kong came to visit his father. It happened that his father was not at home, so Junping Kong called the child out. The child brought Junping Kong fruits, including bayberry. Junping Kong pointed to Yangmei and showed it to the children, saying, "This is the fruit of your family." The child immediately replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is your bird."

Boya vast string

Original text:

Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.

Translation:

Yu Boya is good at playing the piano and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening to it. When Boya played the piano, he thought of showing the mountains. Zhong Ziqi listened to the praise and said, "Great, I seem to see the towering Mount Tai!" Boya wanted to express the flowing water in his heart, so Zhong Ziqi said, "Great, just like a running river!" No matter what Boya wants to express, Zhong Ziqi can accurately express his ideas. After Zhong Ziqi died, Boya found it difficult to find someone who could understand his piano, so he broke his beloved piano and stopped playing it for life.

Learning game

Original text:

Qiu Yi is the best athlete in this country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true.

Translation:

Qiu Yi is the best Go player in China. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play Go. One of them was so absorbed that he listened carefully, pondered and understood everything Qiu Yi said. On the surface, another person is also listening to Qiu Yi's teaching, but in his heart, he thinks the swan is coming and thinks about how to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they learn Go together, the latter is not as good as the former. Isn't his intelligence inferior to the former? Answer: it's not like this.

An argument between two children.

Original text:

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

A Confucius said, "I am far away at the beginning of the day, and I am near in Japan."

A son said, "The sunrise is as big as a car cover. At noon, it is like a plate: a container for holding things, a round plate and a square bowl. This is not too small for the far, but too big for the near? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "

Translation:

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them what they were arguing about.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

A child said, "I think the sun is far when it first comes out and near at noon."

A child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a carriage." At noon, it is as big as a plate. Isn't this just that the distance (looks) is small and the distance (looks) is big? "

(Another) A child said, "It was cool when the sun first came out, and at noon (it felt like entering a bathhouse). Isn't that the nearer (feeling) the hotter and the farther (feeling) the colder? "

Confucius can't decide (who is right and who is wrong). Two children laughed at Confucius and said, "Who says you know much?"

6. Classical Chinese Translation Skills Original Press: nilupar2002

15 1. The fox laughed at the pig and said, "You are stupid, but you can't compete with me." The pig said, "Why are you laughing at me? You may not be able to contribute to the world. " The fox said, "My skin can be clothed. How can I not say anything? " ? If you are, you are useless. "The pig said," My meat can be fed to people. How can I not say anything? "Sheep trade rushed in," you don't have to fight for each other. What if I can have the advantages of both of you? " Before the words were finished, the wolf suddenly appeared and ate it. He smiled and said, "These slave-like beasts always talk about merit. They are just my sacrifices. The fox smiled and said to the pig, "You are a big fool." How can you compare with me? "The pig said," You don't have to laugh at me, and you may not have any credit in the world. The fox said, "My fur can be used to make clothes and quilts for the benefit of the people." How can I say that I have no credit? "If it is you, there is no credit." The pig said, "My meat can fill people's stomachs. How can you say that there is no credit? " At this moment, a sheep came up desperately and said, "You don't have to argue any more. I have all your advantages. What do you think? " Before the words were finished, suddenly a wolf came and killed them all. Then he said with a smile, "These animals who are only suitable for being slaves always say that they have made contributions and can only cook for me!" " "152. Translation of the classical Chinese" Shen Dunzi is full of worries ". Shen Tunzi is worried all day. One day, he and his friends came to the market. When he heard the scholar say that "Yang besieged Liuzhou City, there was no food inside and no help outside", he immediately frowned and stood by crying. His friend took him home, but he didn't forget it day and night, and kept saying, "How can we save Wenguang from the plight of being trapped there? "Unexpectedly, he was so sad that he had a big fight. His family advised him to go out and relax, and he came out. I happened to see someone carrying a bundle of bamboo poles on the road.