The methods and stories of people in ancient times transmitting information

1. Beacon communication

As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, beacon fire has been used to transmit information in my country. As a primitive sound and light communication method, beacon fire served ancient military wars. From the border to the capital and the border defense line, beacon towers were built at regular intervals. Firewood is stored inside. When the enemy invades, beacon fires are lit one after another to alarm. When the princes see the beacon fire, they immediately send troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to prevent enemy invasion, "beacon tunnels" were used as emergency communication signals for border defense. There is a record in the ancient history book "Zhou Li": "On the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of each country, beacon towers were built at regular intervals, one after another, with oranges on the towers, and firewood on the heads of the oranges. When the enemy invades, the beacon towers will set off fireworks one after another to send warnings.

At night, the watchmen will light the firewood in the cage and raise it high, and use the firelight to send messages to the podium. , called "beacon". During the daytime warning, the firewood accumulated on the platform was lit to indicate urgency, which was called "sui". In order to make the smoke straight and not curved, so that it could be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolves. Dung replaced firewood, so it was also called Wolf Smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that when the emperor raised beacons, the princes from all over the country must immediately lead troops to rescue and jointly resist the enemy. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system, This means that as early as the Zhou Dynasty, a large and complete military information contact network had appeared.

2. Bamboo slips

Before the invention of papermaking, our ancestors also used bamboo slips as a means of communication. The bamboo slips are made of bamboo with thin skin and long knots. The round bamboos are first sawed into a certain length, then broken into a certain width, and then smoothed and flattened into pieces, and then tied with silk ropes. Hemp rope and thin leather strips are divided into two strips, which can be used to carve or write text.

Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the Shang Dynasty. There is the word "Book", which symbolizes a bundle of slips tied with two book ropes, and the word "Dian" in the bronze inscription means "Book" on the table.

According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Literary scholar Dongfang Shuo presented a memorial to the emperor. He used more than 3,000 bamboo slips and sent two strong men to carry them into the palace. Therefore, the bamboo slips were very troublesome to use, and they would be eaten by insects and rot over time, so they could not be stored for a long time. .

3. Banner newspapers

Flag newspapers, placard newspapers, and post banner newspapers are derived from the "lubu" in ancient my country. They are usually carried by special persons, mounted on horses, and delivered at a gallop. The bulletin board is a news communication tool written on wooden signs for soldiers and civilians to read along the way, while the posters are printed materials similar to leaflets that can be distributed everywhere.

4. Reporting rooms

The newspaper newspaper business started in the Qing Dynasty and was mainly concentrated in Beijing. As early as the early Qing Dynasty, there were people in Beijing who were engaged in newspaper copying activities in their own name. Most of them were low-level officials who published copied newspapers for themselves. As a side business, it evolved into a private newspaper in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

5. Kuai Ma Chuan Shu

In the Qing Dynasty, all official documents and correspondence organizations were collectively called "Dui", and it appeared. "Express Delivery Shop". The delivery horses have copper bells tied to their collars. When they are running on the road, they ring the bell during the day and light the fire at night. They are not responsible for killing people. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, a general who fought against the Jin Dynasty, was forced to recall Lin'an from the front with twelve gold medals. This kind of gold medal was a gold-lettered medal passed by the Jidianpu, which meant that people were building it in ancient times. The tall beacon tower. When an enemy invasion is discovered, the firewood on the beacon tower will be lit immediately, and the burning beacon smoke will be used to convey information about the enemy's situation and summon the team to come for assistance. Later, people discovered a way to send messages on horseback. Many post stations were set up across the country, and specialized people relayed letters. In this way, messages could be sent to long distances on horseback. Later, people invented methods of using semaphores and lights to convey information.

6. Thumtsein

As early as 968 AD, China invented something called "Thumtsein", which is considered to be the prototype of today's telephone. European research on long-distance sound transmission began in the 17th century.

In 1796, Hughes proposed a method of transmitting voice messages via microphone relay. Although this method is not very practical, he gave this method of communication a name - Telephone, which is still used today.

Extended information

Travel methods

First, canoe. Canoes are the earliest river transportation in my country and have been used by people more than 6,000 years ago. In order to expand the scope of activities, ancient people shifted their vision from land to lakes and rivers. Canoes can prevent rivers from being blocked and make people's lives more convenient. , fishing is also affected.

Second, cattle. In addition to raising cows for meat, people also let them pull people to walk. Riding on the back of the cow can reduce people's fatigue. We all know that the cowherd is riding on the back of the cow. Moreover, cows are honest and honest and are not easy to hurt people. Disadvantages It's slow.

Third, ride a horse. If people need to travel far away, they choose good horses. Men ride horses directly. In Huanzhu, we can see that the brothers are very handsome riding horses. If women travel, they travel in horse-drawn carriages. However, horses need to be tamed by people before they can be ridden, otherwise wild horses with bad tempers will cause injuries.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Beacon Tower