What is irony? For example.

Using words that are opposite to the original intention to express the original intention means ridicule and satire. This rhetorical device is called irony.

Irony is also called irony, which means to express the original intention with words that are opposite to the original text.

The function of irony is to produce a sense of humor and irony, which is sometimes more powerful than telling the truth.

Using irony can better contain profound thoughts and warm feelings.

For example:

(1) How thrilling and great it is for three women to toss and turn leisurely in the anti-civilization bullets of "civilized people"! Unfortunately, China soldiers' "great achievements" in killing women and children, and Eight-Nation Alliance's "martial arts" in punishing and creating students have all been erased by these bloodstains. (Lu Xun's "Recalling Liu Hezhen Jun")

(2) I have long wanted to write some words to commemorate some young writers, not for other reasons, but because grief and indignation have been attacking my heart for two years, and I really want to shake it off and give myself a "relaxation". Frankly, I will "forget" them. (Lu Xun's "Recalling Liu Hezhen Jun")

The main uses of irony are as follows: ① Irony is used to express positive meaning when it directly indicates prohibition and suppression. (2) In the face of absurdity, it is not hard to refute it, but to add absurdity to it, so that its absurdity is extremely amplified and the purpose of returning to absurdity is achieved. ③ When positive language is difficult to express strong emotions, the effect of language expression is enhanced. ④ By subverting established habits, humor is produced. Its main forms are: satire (irony), hunger (irony), swearing (writing letters to show love, publicly praising, secretly insulting), angry words (publicly praising, actually derogating), one-liners (anti-rule humor) and so on.

In interpersonal communication, it is necessary to have a "third ear" to capture the implication, especially irony, in order to avoid passivity.

1. ironic "absurd magnifying glass"

Some words are absolutely not allowed to be said. In order to avoid embarrassment, we might as well start from the opposite side. You know, if the truth takes a step forward, it may become a fallacy, and if the opposite side extends a little, it may go to the opposite side.

Chu Zhuangwang's favorite horse died, and he was very sad. He ordered the senior coffin to be given a doctor's courtesy burial. It is of no help for civilian military commanders to dissuade them. Finally, Chu Zhuangwang made up his mind to say, "Whoever dares to dissuade him again must kill him."

Obviously, no matter how you change your face, as long as you say "no", it must bring shame to yourself. Knowing this, Youmeng went straight into the palace gate and began to cry, which made Zhuanggong very puzzled and couldn't wait to ask what was going on. You Meng said, "That horse is a favorite of the king, but it is too shabby to be buried with the doctor's etiquette. Please use king etiquette! " Zhuang Wang Yue wants to know the reason more and more. You Meng went on to say, "please carve a coffin with beautiful jade ... let the envoys of all countries mourn together and sacrifice with the highest etiquette." Let the princes of all countries know that the king is inferior to others and Ma Gui. " At this point, Zhuang Wang suddenly realized that he quickly asked Youmeng how to make up for his mistakes. Finally, I paid the horse to the kitchen to cook.

With the humble position of Youmeng, it is of course awe-inspiring if you directly tell the pros and cons, and do a brave deed with awe. However, he said the opposite and turned the tables. Isn't what he said more shocking?

Irony is a circuitous technique in language art, which is even more extreme. Irony is a complete euphemism, trying to get the right angle of speech and achieve a more effective persuasion effect than blunt words.

A man in Qi offended Qi Jinggong, and Qi Jinggong was very angry. He ordered the bold man to be tied to his royal highness, and he would gather the warriors around him to dismember him. In order to prevent others from interfering with his murder, he even ordered: "Those who dare to persuade will be beheaded." Seeing that the king was so angry, officials of civil and military affairs dared to ask for their heads to be executed. Seeing that the warriors were going to behead the man and dismember him, Yan Zi hurried forward and said, "Let me try the first knife first." Everyone feels very strange: Yan usually never kills himself. What happened today? I saw Yan Zi holding the man's head with his left hand and grinding a knife with his right hand. Suddenly, he turned to Qi Jinggong, who was sitting by, and asked, "In ancient times, wise kings mainly dismembered people. Do you know where to start cutting the knife? " Qi Jinggong quickly left the table and waved and said, "Don't do this, don't do this." Let this man go, it's my fault. "The man has been scared to death. When he recovered from the shock, I couldn't believe that his head was still on his shoulder. He hurriedly kowtowed to Yan Zi three times, and then left with a narrow escape.

Around Qi Jinggong, Yan Zi often used this irony to force Qi Jinggong to change some absurd decisions. For example, a groom killed an old horse that Qi Jinggong rode. It turned out that the horse was ill and could not be cured for a long time. The groom was afraid of infecting the horse, so he killed the horse. Qi Jinggong was very sad when he found out, so he blamed the groom. In a rage, he personally tried to kill the groom. The groom didn't expect the monarch to commit suicide for a sick old horse, and he was already pale with fear. Seeing this, Ge, who grabbed him at once, said to him, "You killed him too quickly. He didn't know he was guilty when he died. It's not too late for me to ask you to recite his sins for you, and then kill him. " Qi Jinggong said, "All right, I'll let you deal with this bastard."

Yan Zi picked Ge up, walked up to the groom and said to him, "You raised horses for our king, but you killed them. This crime should be put to death. You forced our monarch to kill the horse breeder, because the horse was killed, and this crime should die again. You let our monarch kill the horse breeder because the horse was killed. This incident spread to the neighboring princes and let everyone know that our monarch loved horses but did not love others, and was branded as heartless and unjust. This crime should be killed again. In view of this, I have to kill you. " Yan Zi wanted to say anything more. Qi Jinggong quickly said, "Master, let him go, so as not to give me a bad reputation and make everyone laugh." In this way, the groom was also cleverly saved by Yan Zi.

We find that irony can amplify absurdity, make people see the true face of absurdity more clearly, and thus achieve better exhortation effect.

Liu Che, the wet nurse of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, once committed a crime outside the palace. When Emperor Wu knew it, he wanted to deal with her according to law. The wet nurse remembered the eloquent Dong Fangshuo and asked him for help. Dong Fangshuo said to her, "This is not an argument between lips. If you want to be rescued, when you are about to be taken away, you will only look back at Emperor Wu without saying a word. There may be a glimmer of hope. " When the wet nurse was summoned, she deliberately walked up to Emperor Wu and said goodbye to him. Dong Fangshuo was sitting next to him at that time. I saw the wet nurse looking at Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty with a sad face all the time. So, Dong Fangshuo said to the wet nurse, "You are so stupid. Now that the emperor has grown up, where can he feed on your milk? " Emperor Wu recognized the implication of Dong Fangshuo, and his face suddenly showed mournful embarrassment, and immediately pardoned the wet nurse.

In a word, the effect of irony stems from its "microscope" function. If you add absurdity, it is obvious that absurdity has nowhere to hide.

Interesting couplets: satire

Irony is what people usually call "irony", that is, combining two or more words with the same or opposite meanings, thus producing a contradictory and unified effect. This technique is very common in couplets. It is subtle and can enhance irony and sense of humor.

For example, during the period of warlord melee, someone wrote such a Spring Festival couplets in Nanjing:

Many heroes;

So powerful.

The original meaning of "hero" refers to people with outstanding talents. But the United front refers to the warlords who cede territory and enfeoffment. "So Jiangshan" was originally a compliment, and it is compared to the broken mountains and rivers in the melee of warlords.

Look at the couplets below:

Red and black charcoal fire, hot and cold wine, is famous far and near;

Big and small cloth, young and old cut new clothes to beautify the short and long.

This is a couplet written for one shop and two shops. One is a pub and the other is a tailor's shop. The author grasps the characteristics of both, develops them and sublimates the essence of business. It can be said that this technique is played incisively and vividly for both of them, and it is a satirical couplet with very clever application skills.

Look at the next couplet:

After the brick, the fine-feathered birds died;

Mr Si Tong, the coarse-haired beast.

This is a couplet written by Pu Songling in his early years in response to a teacher named Shi. It is said that one day, the teacher threw Pu Songling's housebird to death, put it in its original place, blocked it with bricks and typed a book on the wall:

After the brick, the fine-feathered birds died;

Pu Songling found that the house finch was dead, saw the couplets on the wall, and concluded that it was Mr., so he continued a pair of couplets:

Mr Si Tong, the coarse-haired beast.

Seeing this, Mr. Shi was greatly annoyed. He asked the students not to insult the driver like this in person. Pu Songling calmly explained: according to the teacher's subordinate relationship, I am right. If you make a mistake, please ask the teacher for advice. After careful analysis, the teacher found that the irony used in the couplets was correct, which could be said to be flawless and could not find anything wrong, so he had to leave.