How does bus distinguish voiced sounds?

A joke that has been circulating for a long time in Spanish circles: A tour guide told Spanish tourists that he would visit the famous Buda tomorrow. The Spaniard was very happy after hearing this. I didn't expect to see Buda the next day and found it was a misunderstanding. I was very disappointed.

The tour guide in this story made a joke because he didn't distinguish between Spanish voiced consonants P and T and voiced consonants B and D..

To distinguish between voiced and unvoiced sounds, we must first understand the following knowledge:

1. voiced consonants are the sounds produced by vocal cord vibration. You can shut up and say M and N in Mandarin, and feel your neck. Voiceless vocal cords do not vibrate, and the front part of the word can be felt.

2. My mother tongue is Mandarin (and most of it), and I usually can't speak the voiced sounds expressed by the international phonetic symbols B, D and G (bdg here is different from that of Chinese Pinyin).

The International Phonetic Alphabet has three phonetic symbols: B, P and ph(h is written in the upper right corner of P). B is voiced, P is unvoiced, and the Chinese phonetic alphabet B of the initial consonant of "Ba" is expressed by the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is unvoiced P, and Ph is aspirated unvoiced based on P, so you can feel the airflow in the initial consonant of "Afraid".

4. The most important point is that in Chinese Pinyin, P (fear, taking the initial consonant) is expressed as ph by the international phonetic alphabet, while in Chinese Pinyin, B (dad, taking the initial consonant) corresponds to P of the international phonetic alphabet. That is to say, Chinese Pinyin B, D and G are actually unvoiced (international phonetic symbols are P, T and K) but written in voiced letters.

From the above points, most people will habitually think that Spanish P (international phonetic symbol is P) is Chinese Pinyin P (international phonetic symbol is actually ph, aspirated and unvoiced). See Spanish B (IPA is B) automatically with Chinese Pinyin B (IPA is actually P).

Similar problems exist in English. The English letter P has two pronunciations, namely the international phonetic symbol p(speak) and ph(pet), both of which are unvoiced. The word speak, some people in China will explain that P is voiced after S, so it is pronounced as B (International Phonetic Alphabet B). This is actually wrong. P here is still unvoiced P (International Phonetic Alphabet P).

Voiced practice: You can read mb, md and mg aloud until the sound of M is removed, leaving only the feeling of vocal cord vibration.