The difference between the past and the present, now or now?

What is the difference between the past and the present? Why do pigs deserve "hai"?

This article is written by Ni Liufang.

In 2022, it is the lunar year of the pig.

The zodiac belongs to 12 genera, and the order is marked by Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai 12, which are mouse, ugly cow, silver tiger, hairy rabbit, dragon, snake, Wuma, Weiyang and Hai respectively.

(riding a general's long mouth)

In this way, this year is the last year of the zodiac. Following this year's Year of the Pig, next year (2022) will be the Year of the Rat, entering another round of the Year of the Zodiac.

The five zodiac signs are 60 years old, commonly known as "one Jia Zi", "sixty Jia Zi" and "sixty Hua Jia".

Among the sixty jiazi, each zodiac sign of the twelve genera appears five times. In order to distinguish the five different years of the same zodiac, the ancients used the word 10 of A, B, D, E, E, G, Xin, Ren, Gui and the word 12 of the twelve earthly branches to form different rotation years of the same zodiac.

(Paper-cut in the Year of the Pig)

In this way, each zodiac rotates for 5 years, and 12 zodiac is exactly 60 years. In these 60 years, heavenly stems and earthly branches's combination will not coincide year after year. If a person is born in the Year of the Rat and reaches the age of 60, it happens to be "from beginning to end", and all the zodiac years have passed, it is also a blessing in life.

There is basically only one "flower" in one's life. If there are two, that is, 120 years old, it is the real life star. Most people can't live. Therefore, for the vast majority of people, they should be satisfied with a "60-year-old". Because of this, when people live to 60 years old, their families will give them a good birthday-60th birthday!

(Tianjin Tian "Sixty Jiazi" Hall)

In the past, "life was seventy years old", and after sixty years old, it was also a life. Next, one more year is to "earn" and begin to enjoy life and family happiness. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, stipulated by law that "sixty is an official", that is, retiring at the age of 60, so that the elderly can live a happy and healthy old age. In the past, it was against human relations to postpone retirement now.

Come back later.

Specific to the Year of the Pig, it is distinguished by the words B, D, Ji, Xin and Gui in Tiangan. From the beginning to the end, they are Yihai, Dinghai, Jihai, Xinhai and Guihai.

In 2022, the Year of the Pig will be the third rotation year of the Year of the Pig and the 36th year in 60 years.

(Year of the Pig in 2022)

What's so particular about the Year of the Pig? Ancient numerologists defined it as "the pig of Taoism", which belongs to "Pingmu" in the five elements. Numerology is good. As the saying goes, people born this year are "lucky".

Of course, the above statement is an old saying and an interpretation of the chronology of the Chinese zodiac in ancient China.

But there is a question worth discussing, that is, why did the ancients use the "hai" in the twelve branches to "pig"? In other words, why are pigs last 12?

(Xi 'an Hansenzhai Tang Tomb unearthed the figurines of the zodiac, with pork chops at the end)

Scholars in ancient and modern times have different opinions about putting pigs last, trying to find the truth, but there is no convincing conclusion. So, make up a fairy tale to find its rationality-there is a story that imagines that the order of the zodiac is chosen by the Jade Emperor.

At that time, pigs volunteered and took the initiative to attack. One of the cows recommended by Xiao is the hardest and most honest cow. As a result, the mouse took advantage of the loophole and was discharged into it. Other zodiac animals are not convinced and argue with each other. At the end of the list, pigs simply put themselves at the front-pigs, ugly mice, silver cows and Hu Mao. ...

When the Jade Emperor saw it, he felt unreasonable. He put that irresponsible thing at the end of the 12 zodiac sign, and instructed beside it-"useless fool, reverse black and white. Punish eating bran and slaughter it once a year. "

(Pottery sows and piglets unearthed from Liu Qiyang Mausoleum of Emperor Han Jing)

From the modern and ancient discoveries, it is very old to regard pigs as "12 brothers" at the origin of the zodiac.

In recent decades, there have been many archaeological discoveries about the zodiac. For example, Qin bamboo slips unearthed from Qin TombNo. 1 kloc-0/in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, Qin bamboo slips unearthed from Qin TombNo.1in Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and Han bamboo slips unearthed from Han TombNo. 1986 in Kongjiapo, Suizhou City, Hubei Province.

I made a comparison with the zodiac in these bamboo slips, and made the following table with the zodiac listed in Wang Chong's Lun Heng. The changes and sorting differences of the early Chinese zodiac are clear at a glance.

(Chronology of Qin and Han Dynasties)

It can be seen that the pigs have been discharged to 12. From this perspective, the ancients deliberately let the old pig bottom. Because pork chop is in the 12 position, the 12 word in the twelve earthly branches is "Hai", which is naturally "Hai Pig", but it was called "Hai Sword" in Qin and Han Dynasties.

However, this sort is not simple. When designing the zodiac and determining the order, the ancients should look for 12 animals closest to human beings according to their life and production experience at that time. And 12 animals are used to represent the year, forming the zodiac. But in the process of shaping the zodiac, the order has changed, and the animals in the zodiac are also different. For example, the horse once appeared in different positions and was called "Ma Wei", occupying the current "Wei Mang" position; Both insects and deer appear in the zodiac.

(Bronze pig ornaments unearthed from Lijiashan 13 Han Tomb in Jiangchuan County, Yunnan Province)

But the position of the pig and its relationship with the sea have not changed. This is actually because of the special relationship between "pig" and "sea".

Pig, everyone is a jackal. In philology, tapir and hai are very similar in shape. The words "dog" and "sea" have been found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, and their writing and structure are similar.

"Tapirs" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

"Sea" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

In the later Qin and Han bamboo slips, the two words were more similar.

Tapirs in Han Bamboo Slips Unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province

"Sea" in Chu Bamboo Slips of Warring States Chu Tomb in Baoshan, Jingmen, Hubei Province

Because the two words are almost the same, they were easily confused in ancient times. There is a joke about reading history in Volume 22 of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. A patriotic man read the sentence "The stone is related to the river" as "the stone is related to the river", which happened to be heard by Confucius' students and pointed out that he had misread it: "No, it is also related to the river." The husband's self is similar to the three, and the tapir is similar to the sea. "

Because these two words are very similar, Xu Shen, a philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, thinks that these two words are actually one word, both of which come from pigs. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, it is said: "The ancient documents in China called the sea, and the sea and Gou Tong."

Because the pig and Hai are a pair, it becomes the Year of the Pig and has an elegant name "Rihai People's Army".

(Pig figurines unearthed in Wuhan, Hubei Province on the 12 Zodiac of Sui Dynasty)

Because tapirs are similar in shape to the sea, Yang Shen, a native, put forward a viewpoint in the book Woodcutter: "Rats and ugly cows belong to twelve genera, but Zhu said he didn't know where to start. I think the natural laws of this world are inhuman. There is a golden rooster in Japan and China, which belongs to the genus Unitary. There is a jade rabbit in the middle of the month, which belongs to' Mao'. Sun and moon, each other's home. Therefore, the word' four' in the seal script is serpentine, and the word' sea' is pig-shaped, and the rest can be inferred. "

This is of course a family statement, and the same glyph is not necessarily the inevitable reason for pairing.

(Baiyunguan Zodiac Relief)

If we analyze it from the word "sea", it is another situation.

Yu Yan in Song and Xia Dynasties, celebrated in the Ming Dynasty, explains why the twelve earthly branches are paired with the zodiac, saying, "Why the A Zi mouse?" Yue: Born in the child, it will not open until it dies. The mouse eats insects, so the night is not over yet, and the mouse has to wait, so the child belongs to the mouse ... Hai, when the world is full of fruits, the pig knows nothing except diet, so Hai belongs to the pig. "

A 7000-year-old pig, a kind of wild boar, has patterns on the Hemudu pottery bowl.

At 2 1 -23: 00, a rather modern time point, heaven and earth are immersed in each other again. As confused as fruit and stone. And the pig is a fool, who has no pursuit except eating, and is also a confused guy. The habits of pigs are similar to the meaning of "hai", so pigs become the image of hai and become a pair.

Obviously, there are loopholes in this statement. There are still many opinions and opinions on the pairing of "Hai" and "Pig", but they are basically the same opinion.

In fact, from the beginning, there will be no accurate records of the zodiac, and there is no need to find out the truth and distinguish between right and wrong. As a folk culture, it is enough to know about it. If it's too clear, it's tasteless.

(Qing Dynasty New Year Pictures)

The above is about the difference between Jihai and Jihai, and it is about the sharing of the zodiac. I hope this will be helpful to everyone after watching Ji Hai or Ji Hai!