How to transport fracture patients at the scene

Doctors should not only learn how to give first aid to fracture patients, but also learn how to transport them. Next, follow me to the scene to see the transport method of fracture patients.

On-site transport method of fracture patients

1 knapsack method: it is often used when the injured person can't walk by himself and there is only one rescuer. For the injured who have lost consciousness and unconsciousness, you can use the method of crossing your arms and clenching your wrists. This can make the injured close to the rescuer and reduce the harm that shaking may bring to the injured when walking.

For the conscious injured, you can use ordinary handling methods, as long as you grab the injured wrist and don't shake it from side to side. When the rescuer needs to hold other objects to keep the balance out of danger, he can carry the injured person on his shoulder, fix the injured person with one arm and hold the other arm.

◆ Note: The above three methods are not applicable to patients with spinal fracture, femoral shaft fracture and chest injury.

2 Holding method: the rescuer holds the back with one hand and the thigh with the other hand, and picks up the injured person. If the injured person is conscious, let him hold the rescuer's neck with one hand.

3. Towing method: If the injured person is heavy, people can't bear it or can't hold it. Rescuers can grab the injured person from behind and drag him out. You can also wrap the injured with a big towel, and then pull the corner of the towel to pull the injured away.

4. Support method of double carrying chair: Two rescuers stand face to face on both sides of the injured person, and each rescuer puts one hand under the injured person's thigh and holds it tightly, and the other hand alternately rests on the other person's shoulder to support the injured person's back. Two-person rickshaw pulling method: two rescuers, one standing on the injured person's head, his hands under his arm and holding him in his arms; Another man stood between the legs of the injured man and hugged them. The two men were neck and neck and carried the injured away.

Treatment of spinal injury: For patients with serious injuries, such as head and neck fracture, spinal fracture, thigh fracture, open chest and abdomen injury, etc., it is necessary to have multiple ambulance personnel to participate and cooperate with the application equipment to prevent disability or death due to improper treatment.

Suspected patients with spinal fractures should be treated as spinal fractures. Don't turn over and twist at will after spinal injury. None of the above methods can be used for first aid. Because all these methods will increase the curvature of the injured spine, the spinal cord without spinal protection will be squeezed and stretched and injured. In some cases, it will cause paraplegia, and even die immediately because of the loss of respiratory function caused by high cervical spinal cord injury.

The correct treatment method is: first straighten the injured lower limbs, put the upper limbs beside them, and put the hard board on the injured side. Hard boards, door panels or blackboards must be used to transport the injured, and soft objects such as quilts and sponges cannot be covered. At least three ambulance personnel lift the trunk of the injured person horizontally, and one person directs the overall movement to move the injured person horizontally to the board.

In the process of handling, the movements should be gentle and coordinated to prevent the torso from twisting. For the injured person with cervical spine injury, there should be a special person to hold the head of the injured person when handling, so that it is consistent with the trunk axis to prevent swinging and twisting. After the injured person is placed on the hardwood board, clothes and trousers can be placed on the sand to fix the neck and trunk of the injured person, so as to prevent it from swinging during transportation to the hospital, resulting in re-injury. Because the patients with spinal cord injury have poor ability to perceive and adjust the temperature, they should pay attention to keep warm in winter, and wrap the hot water bottle with thick cloth to prevent scalding the panel. Pay attention to cooling in summer to prevent high fever, and pack ice packs. For the injured with thigh fracture, before being carried on the stretcher, the injured limb should be fixed with wooden boards to prevent the broken end of the fracture from piercing the big blood vessels and aggravating the injury. Other seriously injured people should also be carried on stretchers to alleviate the pain of the wounded.

6 fire scene treatment method: in the smoke-filled fire scene or indoor filled with carbon monoxide. Ambulancemen should crawl in. When they find the injured who have been smoked by smoke and poisonous gas, they should quickly put the forearm of the injured on the neck of the rescuer and quickly drag the injured out of the dangerous place. At the scene of the fire, because the air temperature on the ground is relatively low, the smoke goes higher. Carbon monoxide is slightly lighter than air, floating in the upper layer, and the smoke or toxic gas within 30 cm from the ground is relatively thin, so crawling forward can make the injured and rescuers inhale toxic gas as little as possible to prevent poisoning. However, please note that this method is not suitable for patients with spinal injuries.

Manufacturing method of handling tools: The stretcher for handling can be made from local materials. You can put the injured person in the middle with a big sheet, roll up both ends, and three people on each side will lift the injured person together. A simple stretcher can be made by crossing thick ropes between two bamboo poles to form a sawtooth structure. Simple stretchers can also be made quickly by folding wooden handrails and large sheets. There is no thick rope or big towel at the first aid site. The rescuer can take off his underwear and put it between two wooden sticks to make a simple stretcher. Tie the backs of two chairs together and cover them with a quilt. It can also be used as a stretcher to carry the injured.

Nursing in the process of transportation: When the wounded are out of danger and waiting to be transported to the hospital, they may feel cold and drop their body temperature due to frostbite, flooding, blood loss and other reasons. At this time, we should actively take warm-keeping measures, take off and change the wet clothes of the injured as soon as possible, and use all available tools such as electric blankets, hot water bottles, hot water bottles, quilts, sacks and even clothes of rescuers to help the injured keep warm as soon as possible. Put the thermos bottle under the injured person's armpit, waist and between his legs, and then wrap it with a quilt to keep warm. The thermos bottle near the injured person's body surface should be wrapped with a towel to prevent burns.

In the process of waiting for transshipment, in principle, do not give the injured any drinks or food. It is best to make a decision after detailed inspection. Especially people who are seriously injured and unconscious may suffocate if they are forced to drink by mistake. People with serious head, chest, abdomen or limbs injuries who need surgical treatment should not be given drinks or food. Because the patients after anesthesia before operation, the liquid and food left in the stomach will reflux into the trachea and cause suffocation. Alcohol and carbonated drinks should not be given to the injured as first aid medical supplies. In addition to the above situation, when the injured person feels thirsty again, he can feed a small amount to the patient with a small spoon, and closely observe the reaction of the injured person to see if there is any performance of choking cough, nausea and aggravated pain, and stop immediately if there is any.

During transshipment, vehicles, ships, planes, wounded people and stretchers must be strictly fixed to prevent the damage caused by bumps and swings on the way. At the same time, pay close attention to the injured person's face, breathing and heartbeat, and rescue him immediately if there is any abnormality. For the injured with tourniquet, relax every 40-60 minutes, each time 1-2 minutes. Put gauze between the upper and lower teeth of the convulsive victim to prevent biting the tongue. The critically ill should make obvious signs of injury so as to be rescued as soon as possible after admission.

Judging whether to transfer from the fracture situation

The injured must be transferred immediately.

There are many traffic accidents, which is not conducive to first aid. The injured must be moved to a safe place for treatment immediately.

At the scene of fire and gas poisoning, high temperature and low temperature have a great influence on the injured, which is easy to worsen the condition and must be moved to a place where first aid can be carried out immediately.

Hold still for the time being * * *

Fracture patients, especially those with neck, chest, waist and spine fractures, can be simply fixed with towels or cloth strips, and should remain stable when moving.

For stroke patients, don't move, such as falling in a pony bucket or bathtub, or gently move to a nearby place where first aid can be given, so that patients can stay asleep, keep warm and wait for an ambulance. How to transport the wounded safely: After the ambulance personnel enter the disaster site and find the wounded, they should quickly take the wounded away from dangerous sites such as rooms full of toxic gases, burning buildings or buildings about to collapse.

In the process of handling, mastering the correct rescue methods can ensure the life safety of ambulance personnel and avoid causing greater harm to the injured due to handling.