Etiquette of address and name

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Etiquette of address and name

Due to the different customs and languages of different countries and nationalities, there are great differences in addressing and addressing; If in the process of communication, the wrong address and name will not only make the other party unhappy and disgusted, but also make jokes and misunderstandings. Therefore, it is very necessary to master the relevant knowledge of names and addresses.

make a telephone call

In international communication, men are generally called Mr. and women are called Mrs., Ms. and Miss. Married women are called ladies, and unmarried women are collectively called ladies. A woman who doesn't know she is married can be called a lady, and an older woman wearing a wedding ring can be called a lady. These titles can be preceded by names, titles, titles, etc. Such as Mr. Black, Congressman, Mayor, Colonel, Miss Mary, Secretary, Nurse and Mrs. White.

For senior officials, they are generally senior officials at or above the ministerial level, and are called "Your Excellency", title or Mr. according to national conditions. Such as your Excellency Minister, Your Excellency President, Your Excellency President, Your Excellency Prime Minister, Your Excellency Prime Minister, Your Excellency Ambassador and so on. The United States, Mexico, Germany and other countries do not have the habit of addressing "Your Excellency", so they can be called "Sir" in these countries. Madam can be called for women with status, and "Your Excellency" can be called for women with high official titles.

Monarchical countries traditionally call kings and queens "Your Majesties" and princes, princesses and princes "Your Highnesses". People with titles such as Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong can be called "titles" or "You" or "Mr." ..

Doctors, professors, judges, lawyers and people with doctorates can be called "doctor", "professor", "judge", "lawyer" and "doctor" respectively. At the same time, you can add your surname or Mr. such as Professor Carter, Mr. Judge, Mr. Lawyer, Mr. Doctor and Dr. Martin.

Soldiers are generally called ranks, or ranks plus Mr., and those who know their names can have their surnames and first names. Such as "Mr. Colonel", "Major Molly" and "Mr. Captain Wells". Some countries address senior officers such as generals and marshals as your Excellency.

Service personnel can generally call the waiter, and those who know the name can call their own names. But now in many countries, more and more waiters are called "Mr", "Ms" and "Miss".

For the clergy in the church, it can generally be called the title of the church, or the name plus the title, or the title plus Mr. Ford, Mr. Missionary and Mr. Pastor. Sometimes clergy above the bishop can also be called "your Excellency"

All countries that are commensurate with my comrades can call all kinds of people comrades, and those with titles can add titles. Such as Comrade Chairman, Comrade Speaker, Comrade Ambassador, Comrade Secretary, Comrade Colonel, Comrade Driver, Comrade Waiter, or name plus comrade. Some countries also have customary addresses, such as "citizens". In Japan, women are generally called ladies and young ladies, and high-ranking people are also called gentlemen, such as "Mr. Kyoko Nakajima".

surname

The names of foreigners are quite different from those of Han people in China. In addition to the differences in words, the composition and arrangement order of names are also different, often including articles and affixes. It is difficult for us to grasp and distinguish. Here is only a brief introduction to the names of foreigners who meet more.

British and American names

British and American names are arranged in the order of first name and last name. If john wilson is translated into john wilson, John is the first name and Wilson is the last name. Another example is Edward adam davis translated into Edward adam davis. Edward is the Christian name, Adam is my first name and Davis is my last name. Some people take their mother's surname or the surname of someone close to their family as their second name. In the west, there are people who take their father's surname or father's name, and the suffix of their names is junior or Roman numerals to show the difference. For example, john wilson Jr. was translated into john williams Jr., george smith III and george smith III.

A woman's name has her own name before marriage, and it is usually her own name plus her husband's surname after marriage. For example, when Ms. mary white married Mr. john davis, the married woman's name was Mary Davis.

When writing, first names are often abbreviated as prefixes, and surnames cannot be abbreviated, such as G.W. Thomson and D.C. Sullivan.

Oral addresses are usually called surnames, such as "Mr. White" and "Mr. Smith". Formal occasions generally require full names, but people who are closely related often call them by their first names. Family members, relatives and friends often use nicknames in addition to their first names.

In countries where English is the national language, names are basically the same as those in Britain and the United States.

French name

French names are also first and last names, which generally consist of two or three paragraphs. The first two sections are names, and the last section is surnames. Sometimes the names can reach four or five paragraphs, mostly Christian names and names given by elders. But now there are fewer and fewer long names. Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant was translated into Henri René Abel guy de maupassant, commonly known as Guy de Maupassant guy de maupassant.

French names usually contain articLes, such as le and La, and prepositions, such as de. When translating into Chinese, you should use surnames, such as La Fantaine Lafontaine, Le Goff Legoff, de Gaulle, etc.

Women's names and oral addresses are basically the same as English names. For example, a young lady named Jacqueline Bourget married to a famous Fran? ois Martin. After marriage, the lady was called Mrs. Martin, and her name was Jacqueline Martin.

Spanish and Portuguese names

Spanish names often have three or four paragraphs. The first one or two paragraphs are my name, the last one is my father's surname, and the last one is my mother's surname. Generally, my father's surname is my surname, but a few people use my mother's surname as my surname. For example, Diego Rodriguez DE Silva y Velasquez is translated into Diego Rodriguez de Silva-Velazquez, where DE is a preposition, Silva is the father's surname, Y is the conjunction "he" and Velasquez is the mother's surname. Married women often remove the mother's surname and add the husband's surname. Usually, oral address often refers to the father's surname, or the first name plus the father's surname. Take Francisco Franco, the former Spanish head of state, as an example. His full name is Francisco Paolino Hermenegildo Teodoro Baamonde. The first four paragraphs are people's names, the penultimate paragraph is father's surname, and the last paragraph is mother's surname. When abbreviating, use the first part of the name plus the father's surname.

Portuguese names are also composed of three or four parts. The first two parts are personal names, then the mother's surname, and finally the father's surname. When abbreviating, one's name is usually combined with one's father's surname.

In Spanish and Portuguese, men's names often end with "O" and women's names often end with "A". Continuous translation of articles, prepositions and surnames

The names of Russia and Hungary

Russian names generally consist of three parts. For example, Ivan Ivanov (иванановичиввано) A woman takes her father's surname before marriage and her husband's surname after marriage, but her own name and her father's name remain the same. Such as Nina Ivanov Na Ivanova (иинаивановнаиввван). If she marries Rogoff (P оов), her married name will be changed to Rogova (P оова), and her full name is Nina Ivanovna Rogova. Russian names are usually arranged by first name, father name and surname, but surnames can also be put in front, especially in official documents, that is, the names of Ivan and Nina mentioned above can be written as Ivanov Ivanovich and ivanova Nina Ivanovna. First name and parent name can be abbreviated, and only the first letter can be written.

Russians generally use their surnames orally, or only their first names. In order to show courtesy and respect, use the first name and the father's name, such as calling Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov and Nina Ivanovna Ivanovna Nina Ivanovna. In particular, some people show respect to their elders, while others only call their fathers by their first names. For example, people often call Lenin ilych (ильич), and Lenin's full name is Vladimir ilych Lenin. Common nicknames are used between family members and close relatives, such as Ivan's nicknames Vanya (Bаня) and Vanusha (Bанюша). Sergey (Cергей) loves to thank you.

The arrangement of Hungarian names is similar to that of China people, and the surname comes first. It consists of two parts. For example, Najib Shan Duoer (Nagy S? Ndor), referred to as Najib. Some women will change their husbands' names after they get married, just adding the suffix "ne" after their husbands' names, which translates as "ni", meaning "madam". When used together, the first name is added after the first name, and when only the last name is used, the first name is added after the last name. For example, Vaz or Vasny is the wife of Vaz istvan. Women can also keep their surnames and first names.

Arabic names

Arabic names generally consist of three or four parts. The first paragraph is my name, the second is my father's name, the third is my grandfather's name, and the fourth is my family name. For example, the former king of Saudi Arabia, Faisal's name is Faisal ibn Abdul Aziz ibn abdul rahman Saud, which translates to Faisal ibn Abdul Aziz ibn abdul rahman Saud. Among them are Faisal's surname, Abdul Aziz's father's name, Abdul Rahman's grandfather's name and Saudi Arabia's surname. Use your full name in formal occasions, but sometimes you can omit your grandfather's name and sometimes you can omit your father's name. You can only use my name when abbreviating. But in fact, many Arabs, especially those with social status, are abbreviated by their surnames. For example, Mohammad Abede Arafat, or Arafat for short. Gamal abdel nasser, or Nasser for short.

Arabs often have some titles before their names, such as: Amir, which means prince, prince and chief; Imam means mosque leader; Said means Mr. and Mr.; Sheikh means elder, chief, village head and patriarch. Some of these titles have been changed to names.

In Arabic, al or el is an article, ibn (Ibn), ben (Ben) or ould (Ould) means "someone's son", Abu (Abu) or Um (Umm) means "someone's father" and "someone's mother". None of these words can be omitted from the address. For example, Ahmed Ben Bella was translated into Ahmed Ben Bella, or Ben Bella for short.

Single words used in Arabic names often have specific meanings. For example, Muhammad borrowed the name of the founder of Islam; Mahmoud means to be praised; Hassan means good; Amin means loyalty; Saleh means justice ... wait.

Japanese name

The Japanese take their names in the same order as our country, and the surname comes first, but the number of names taken is often more than that of Han people in China. The most common words are composed of four characters, such as Masao Kosaka, Lady Tadashi Yoshida and Hideo Fukuda. The first two words are surnames, and the last two words are first names. However, because the number of words between surname and first name is not fixed, it is often difficult to distinguish them. Therefore, it is necessary to know clearly from the visitors in advance, and write the surname and first name separately in formal occasions, such as "Class II" and "Fujita Shige".

Generally, people use their surnames orally and their full names in formal occasions. Japanese names are often written in Chinese characters, but the pronunciation is completely different. For example, "Yamamoto" should be pronounced as Yamamoto, "Mishima" as Mishima and "Sunset" as Kusaka.

Myanmar name

Burmese have only a first name and no last name. We often see that the "Wu" in front of a Burmese name is not a surname, but a kind of honorific title, meaning "Mr". Common honorifics are: Du is a woman's honorific title, which means "Mrs.", "looks" means "elder brother", "elder brother" means "official" and "Tell" means "teacher" and "enlightened". For example, a person's name is Gang, his elders call him Gang in appearance, and his peers call him Ge Gang. If this person has a certain social status, he is called "WU GANG"; if he is an official, he is called "Gang Po". If a woman's name is Gang, a woman with social status is Hong Kong Governor and a young woman is Ma Gang.

Thai name

Thai first names come before surnames, such as Basong Charongpeng, where Basong is the first name and Charongpeng is the surname. Unmarried women use their father's surname, while married women use their husband's surname.

Oral honorifics, whether male or female, generally only call their names, not surnames, and add a title "Kun" (meaning you) before their names. If you call it Basson Zalenpeng, you can call it Basson verbally.

Thai names are crowned according to custom.

Civilian titles are: adult men have "Nai" (Mr.), such as Nai Wei Chai Sand King Susie. The married woman is "Nan" (Ms.), such as Niang Songxi and Sand King Suxi. Unmarried women are "sisters-in-law" Boys are "Dekai", girls are "Dekai", and so on.