Appreciation of ancient and modern novels

From the publishing point of view, these books compiled by Feng Menglong have an important feature, that is, they pay attention to practicality. His works recording historical events at that time were of great news value at that time; His textbook explaining Confucian classics is welcomed by scholars who study imperial examinations. His imitations, novels, novels, plays and folk songs have a larger readership for ordinary people and brought rich profits to booksellers. This makes Feng Menglong's editing work have some characteristics of the publishing industry under the modern market economy. In the book Think Tank, these characteristics are also fully reflected. Think Tank, A Brief History of Ancient and Modern Times and Love History are another novel trilogy series of Feng Menglong. The purpose of the think tank is to "dispel doubts", the brief history of ancient and modern times is to "cure corruption" and the love history is to "love education", all of which express Feng Menglong's concern for the world. Think tank is one of the stories with the most social and political characteristics and practical value. He said in "Think Tank": People have wisdom and still have water; The earth without water is scorched earth, and people without wisdom are walking dead. Wisdom is used by people, and there is still water flowing on the ground. The terrain is full of water, and the personnel depression is full of wisdom. The forest of success or failure in Zhou Lan can not be ignored. He wants to sum up the reasons of "success or failure in ancient and modern times", which has far-reaching significance. Think Tank was first edited in the sixth year of tomorrow's apocalypse (1625). This year, Feng Menglong has reached the age of destiny, still living the life of a library teacher, compiling books for booksellers and solving the problem of cooking without rice. At this time, the traitor Wei Zhongxian was in power, the prefect spy was in the East Factory, and Daxing was unjustly imprisoned. This is one of the darkest periods in China's feudal society. Such books compiled by Feng Menglong have a strong political color, and many chapters denounce the disadvantages of eunuchs in power, which makes people admire Feng's great wisdom and fearless spirit. Later, this book was supplemented by Feng Menglong, and it was renamed Think Tank Supplement when it was reprinted. Other publications are also called Complete Works of Think Tank, Supplementary Think Tank Supplement, and Extended Think Tank Supplement. , the content is the same as the think tank supplement. The book * * * contains 1238 wisdom stories from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, which are divided into ten parts and twenty-eight volumes. The political stories in Shangshu, Zhi Zhi and Tea Records express Feng's political opinions and diligent attitude towards being an official. "Courage", "skill" and "abstinence from governance" are stories of various political means; The story of Yu Zhi is eloquent and eloquent; "Bing Zhi" is a collection of various military strategies for winning by surprise attack. The wisdom stories of women in the past dynasties in the album "Wisdom in the Boudoir"; Miscellaneous Love collects all kinds of cunning tricks, even all kinds of tricks. Feng Menglong said in the Preface of the Ministry of Miscellaneous Affairs: "Justice is not taken from cunning, but is trapped in cunning; Great wisdom does not take advantage of petty gain, but great wisdom may deceive petty gain. Break its cunning, then the power wins; He who knows little will win. The situation is right, not before, small and complete, not big before? " Point out the cognitive value of these mixed wisdom stories. There are great strategies in politics, military affairs and diplomacy in the book, as well as whimsy in the daily life of small people such as foot soldiers, vagrants, servants, monks, farmers and painters. These stories have merged into a sea of ancient wisdom of the Chinese nation. The classics involved in the book cover almost all the official history before the Ming Dynasty and a large number of notes on unofficial history, which makes this kind of books on wisdom and strategy also have important data value and collating value. Most of the 1000 stories in the book are true and vivid, which is also very beneficial for us to study history today and enhance our national self-confidence and pride. In particular, the book's album "Wisdom in the Boudoir" describes many intelligent, brave and far-sighted women, which makes this book have a distinct anti-feudal people's character in the feudal era of "women without talent are virtue". Feng Menglong wrote a general statement and a sub-statement in front of each department in the book, and wrote comments and comments after each article. These places are the most concentrated and direct expression of Feng's political attitude, outlook on life, love and hate, and they are all articles and first-hand materials for studying Feng's thoughts. The "Summary of the Four Ku Encyclopedias" said that this book "has occasional comments, but it is extremely thin." This evaluation from the standpoint of feudal orthodoxy is unfair. But there are some superstitious ideas in the book, and there are some words that denigrate ethnic minorities and peasant uprisings. These backward things are not difficult to identify today, so I won't go into details here. There are many printed editions of Think Tank. The basic edition we used for proofreading this time is called Augmented Think Tank Supplement, and the title is Feng Menglong's Re-editing. Zhang Mingzhou, Ji Shen and Zhang Wocheng read it together. Although it was printed in the early Qing dynasty, compared with other Qing dynasty editions, this edition does not avoid the words "Yi" and "Lu", such as "Lu Tusi" in Xue Juan San, which was changed to "or" Khan ". The words "Yi people", "Yi customs" and "Arbitrary" in the same volume "Gao Gong" were originally changed to "Qi Min", "Folk Custom" and "Ren Min", which proves that this book may be the original edition of the late Ming Dynasty or a copy close to the original edition. Feng Zi said: wise people still have water, the land without water is scorched earth, and people without wisdom are zombies. Wisdom is used by people, and there is still water flowing on the ground. The terrain is full of water, and the personnel depression is full of wisdom. The forest of success or failure in Zhou Lan can not be ignored. Why is it clear? In the past, there were Liang, He Tang and Wu Zhi; The six countries are stupid and wise; Chu Yu, Han Zhi; Sui Yu and Tang Zhi; Song is foolish and wise; Yuan is stupid, but the sage is wise. If it is big, you can look at it in detail and it is also described in the "think tank". Or difficult: wisdom is greater than obedience, but it is trapped in stubbornness; It is also bigger than the hole, and it is in Cai Chen; The son of the west neighbor is proficient in six arts, does not sell clothes, and the son of the east neighbor is illiterate, enjoys plain printing, has hundreds of servants, and still cares about learning from ignorance. Toyoko said with a smile, I didn't see the digger. Winter is naked, summer is autumn, the rope is inside and the pot is outside. It is wise to take a spring from the ground, but Fu Fei learned from the soil and saw the stone, so he became a success. There is a kind of world balance, which breaks out of the spring and nourishes thousands of families. Therefore, fools see stones, wise men see springs, and wisdom changes when it is poor, and wisdom changes when it is not poor. Make the wisdom not smooth, hole, square and dust in the rain, mud in the well, captured by Chen Ruocai, why idle piano in bed and string in the wild? I don't know the clever use of sage wisdom, but how can I peek at my bag? Or: Shun and Kong are true. However, the "think tank", the doctor was wrong, so it was burned in Seoul. What can I do? Toyoko said: No, no! If you are wrong, you will not die of wisdom, but of stupidity. Only when you sit down and talk about soldiers will you take the initiative to rise up and serve the country for seven years, to keep the son of heaven in defense, and for one thing, you will be unwise and your reputation will be ruined. Although it is foolish to defend yourself, it is wise to raise the country, so it has been dead for thousands of years, and the people are still suffering and are listed as famous ministers. It's wise to stay awake at night, but it's foolish to raise the country. Compared with this, who is more beautiful? And in the name of "think tank", my son knows one and doesn't know two. Before the mistake, there was a slap in the face; Later, there were Lu Kuang, Zhi Qian, Du Yu, Huan Fan and Wang Jianyan. It was in Huang Ming, and Wen Yang was good at this number. People who are gentlemen have different trajectories, and many of them have succeeded in being upright and sharing weal and woe. It is shameful to punish a child for his own benefit, but it is even more unwise to let him waste his boat! Or: the think tank written by Zi can make people learn wisdom. Wisdom comes from sex, from paper? Feng Ziyue: I firmly say to people: wisdom is still water, but what is hidden underground is sex; People who are chiseled out learn. Use of wells and streams, rivers and ginseng. I'm worried that my wife's nature is limited to mud and stones, but I'm worried about what I said on paper, and I'm worried about the world. Or: I heard that "if you take the law, you will only get the middle." The son tastes smart, the god is cunning and cunning, or get on the bus, the chicken calls the dog a thief, but also prepare anecdotes, and the bag is filthy. Why does he teach the world? Feng Zikai said: I am not a man, but a wise man. Not only people, but also things, not only things, but also wisdom. Although he is a good thief, who is not the nitrate and halberd in my medicine cage? In my opinion, cobwebs can be pushed to fish and cocoons can be pushed to houses. For example, the king of the valley, all the water returns together, so he chooses to flow and suffer! Or it is not difficult, so I wrote down the words at the beginning of the article. So are the freaks in Wu Dong. Sanyan is the collective name of Yu Shiming, Shi Jing and Xing. The author is Feng Menglong of Ming Dynasty. Together with "Erpai", it is called "Sanyan Erpai". (Yu Shi Yan Ming was originally named Holographic Novel, but later it was renamed as Yu Shi Yan Ming for the sake of harmony. Feng Menglong's thought is very complicated and full of contradictions. If we want to comprehensively study Feng Menglong's ideological source, we should at least involve the following three aspects: First, orthodox Confucianism represented by Confucius; Second, the ideology of the southeast coastal citizen class since the middle of Ming Dynasty; Third, the philosophical trend of thought with great influence in Ming Dynasty. As far as the relationship between Feng Menglong and the philosophical thought of Ming Dynasty is concerned, the author thinks that Li Zhuowu and Wang Yangming have the greatest influence on Feng Menglong's thought.