A new interpretation of classical Chinese

1. How do these ancient texts explain Confucius: "Learning from time to time, right?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know and don't care (yùn), aren't they gentlemen? "Confucius said," isn't it pleasant to review after learning knowledge at a certain time? "Have friends come from afar, joy? People don't know me, but I'm not angry. Isn't that a cultured person? " Keyword explanation: (1) Zi: Sir, it refers to Confucius.

In ancient China, the title of respect for a man with status and knowledge was sometimes called a man. "Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius.

(2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty. (3) Time study: review frequently.

During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius.

"Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.

(4) Say: the common word, the sound yuè, is actually an archaic word of "Yue", which means pleasure. (5) Friends: refers to like-minded people.

(6) Music: different from talking. The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside.

(7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know. Missing object.

Generally speaking, knowing is understanding. People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves.

(8) Yu: Pinyin: yü n, angry, angry. (9) Gentleman: a person with moral cultivation.

Complement explanation: and: conjunction. (translatable and) also (y): The same, too.

Tribal tiger: modal particle, interrogative tone, which can be translated as "horse" self: from.

Know: I understand. 1 sentence is about learning methods.

For knowledge, "learning" is only a cognitive process and "learning" is a consolidation process. In order to acquire more knowledge, it is necessary to unify "learning" with "learning". The second sentence is about learning pleasure.

Visiting like-minded people can enhance friendship and learn from each other. The third sentence is about attitude.

"People don't know", omitting the object "knowledge", can be translated as "I" or "myself". Edit the second item in this paragraph: When Ceng Zi treats people, he says, "I (wú) went to three provinces (xǐng) and my body: Did I cheat for (wèi) people? Don't believe in making friends? Chuán is not used to it? " Ceng Zi said to Zeng Shen, "I reflect on myself every day: Have I tried my best to do things for others? Is it trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " Key words explanation: (1) Ceng Zi: Yu Zi, born in shēn, Ceng Zi, was born from 505 BC to 436 BC. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nan Wucheng of Lu (now a native of Feixian County, Shandong Province) was a descendant of the nobles who perished in Qi. Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son.

It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety. (2) Three provinces (xǐng): more introspection.

Note: There are several explanations in the three provinces: First, repeated inspection; The second is to check from many aspects. In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times.

Three: refers to many times. Conduct self-examination and introspection many times.

(3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty. We should do our best here.

(4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere. Believe in honesty.

People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people. It means: sincere and honest (5) pass it on: pass it on (verb as noun), and the old note says: "Be taught by the teacher.

The teacher taught himself Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on.

Supplementary note: Me: Me. Day: Every day.

Province: check and reflect. Pro: Pro.

Ask: do things and give advice. Loyalty: loyalty.

Edit the third item in this paragraph: learning methods Confucius said: "Review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher." Confucius said, "If you review what you have learned, you can gain new insights and experiences, and you can learn from them."

Key words explanation: Note: This chapter has two explanations for "reviewing the past and learning the new". One is "review the past and learn the new": review what you have heard and gain new insights from it; The second is to "review the past and learn the new": on the one hand, we should review the stories of laws and regulations, on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge.

I think it may be more complete to combine these two solutions: within my ability, read the classics as widely as possible, think over their meanings repeatedly, and review what I have heard regularly to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era. It can be called "reviewing the past and knowing the new", blending the old and the new, and blending the ancient and the present.

Some scholars believe that it is not appropriate to review the past and learn the new, because literally, only absorbing ancient and modern knowledge without understanding experience is like a buyer and seller of knowledge, not a teacher. So let's look at the meaning of "teacher" first.

There is a word "teacher" in chapter 14 of The Analects of Confucius, which means the same as today's teacher. So: old knowledge (adjectives are used as nouns).

And: conjunction, indicating inheritance, just. Know: comprehend.

Yes, you can. Relying on: relying on.

In favour: as. Explanation of other words: review the old and learn the new (idiom): please pay attention to the new explanation instead of reviewing the old and learning the new: review; So: old.

Review old knowledge and gain new knowledge and experience. It also refers to recalling the past to better understand the present.

From: "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "Reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher." Han Bangu's "Ode to the East": "It is rare to know new difficulties by reviewing old ones."

Example: ~ is an important method in learning. Grammar: linkage; As predicate and attribute; Used for study, work or other editing: the relationship between learning and thinking Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous."

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking will make you feel confused and at a loss. If you just dream and don't study, it is harmful to learning. " Key words explanation: and: conjunction, indicating a turning point.

Then: conjunctions are equivalent to "JIU" and "Bian". Wang (w m 4 ng): Tong "Wang" means to feel confused and at a loss.

Please explain the classical Chinese Jia Jia, Jia Jia Shi Jing, Guo Feng and Qin Feng.

The Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.

Tracing back from it, the road resistance is long; Swim back from the inside and swim to the middle of the water.

Sadly, the Millennium is still there. The so-called Iraqis are in the water.

Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and embarrassing; Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

The dew has not yet arrived, so-called Iraqis are in the water.

Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and right; Swim out of it and swim in the water.

This is a beautiful love song. The expectation of the Iraqi people is beyond my reach and full of infinite affection.

Wax: Reed without long spikes. Jia (musician): A new reed. Cang: Old cyan.

Iraqi: It's a person, this person.

On the water side: on the water side, the metaphor is far away.

Backwater: upstream.

Resistance: it is difficult to resist.

Upstream: downstream.

Sadness: light blue.

Xi (Yinxi): Fuck.

May: A cliff high by the water.

Hey (Yinji): Deng; length

Dee (in a late voice):.

Mining: lush appearance.

Wu (IV): By the water.

Right: No, it's at the corner.

Cloud (Stop): A small beach in the water.

Original-The Book of Songs-Qin Feng-Jia Jian

The Millennium is frost.

The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.

Tracing back from it, the road resistance is long;

Swim back from the inside and swim to the middle of the water.

Sadly, the Millennium is still there.

The so-called Iraqis are in the water.

Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and embarrassing;

Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

Jia Jian is picking, and the white dew is not finished.

The so-called Iraqis are in the water.

Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and right;

Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

New explanation

The autumn wind blows gently, and the reeds sway their soft waist. Love is like frost and dew, like a dream-my love, where can I pursue you? You are always at arm's length, floating in my heart lake at dusk.

The river is clear and blue. I seem to see you getting dressed in the water. Untie your long hair and fall into the water, and your shy face flows in the ripples of the river.

I look at you from a distance, longing to be with you. Are you and I only separated by this water? I searched for you along the embankment, crossed the muddy swamp and crossed the Bihetang, but I never found your direction.

The reeds are heading, the reeds are flying, and the cold river flows relentlessly, which makes our hearts beat. We search every inch of the coast and every Sha Ting. I see the egrets flying into the sky, and I don't know where the Iraqis are.

The white dew is frosty and the fog is confused. In the tears of missing, there is always your affectionate gaze. Is it an illusion? You are a clear lotus, quietly blooming in my heart lake. I can only look at you on the other side-the bride of my dreams.

3. Zhu, an educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, said that the first to the ninth of the ten articles in The Analects are factual records, and the tenth is a dialogue.

The ten items compiled here are selected from Learning Politics, Establishing People, Shure, Taber, Zi Han and Wei Linggong. 1. Confucius said, "Why don't you say something when you learn it?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? "(Xue Ji) 2. Zeng Zi said, "I am in three provinces of Japan (xǐng): Are you unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " (Xue Ji) 3. Confucius said: "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher. "

(politics) 4. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." ("for politics") 5. Confucius said, "You, the goddaughter (r incarnation) knows it! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. "

("Politics") 6. Confucius said: "See the sage Si Qi Yan, see the sage and introspect (xǐng)." ("Li Ren") 7. Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher.

Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. "("Shu II ") 8. Ceng Zi said: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement.

Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Not far from death? (Taber) 9. Confucius said, "When you are old and cold, you will know that pine and cypress will decline." ("Zi Han (Hǐ n)")10. Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life without saying a word?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. "

("Wei Linggong") Article 1: Learning Methods Confucius said: "It's not bad to learn after learning." Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know and don't care (yùn), aren't they gentlemen? "Confucius said," Isn't it interesting to study and review on time? "? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know me, but I'm not angry. Isn't that a man of moral cultivation? Keywords: (1) Zi: Sir, it refers to Confucius. In ancient China, the title of respect for a man with status and knowledge was sometimes called a man.

"Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. Confucius (55 BC1-479), named Zhong Ni, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong).

He was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to the study of traditional cultural classics such as rites, music and books in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Time study: review on time. During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time".

However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius. "Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books.

It also means review, internship and practice. (4) Say: the common word, the sound yuè, is actually an archaic word of "Yue", which means pleasure.

(5) Friends: There were differences between friends and friends in ancient times: classmates (teachers) were friends and comrades were friends. (6) Music: different from talking.

The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know.

Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding.

People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves. (8) Yu: Pinyin: yü n, angry, angry.

(9) Gentleman: a person with moral cultivation. Complement explanation: and: conjunction.

Example: always study. turning point

Example: People don't know and don't care. I (y): The same is true.

Tribal tiger: modal particle, interrogative tone, which can be translated as "horse" self: from.

Know: I understand. 1 sentence is about learning methods.

For knowledge, "learning" is only a cognitive process and "learning" is a consolidation process. In order to acquire more knowledge, it is necessary to unify "learning" with "learning". The second sentence is about the fun of learning.

Visiting like-minded people can enhance friendship and learn from each other. The third sentence is about attitude.

"People don't know", omitting the object "knowledge", can be translated as "I" or "myself". Second, Ceng Zi said: "I (wú) live in three provinces (xǐng): Are you unfaithful to (wèi) people? Don't believe in making friends? Chuán is not used to it? " Ceng Zi said, "I reflect on myself many times every day: Have I done my best for others? Is it sincere and frank to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " Key words explanation: (1) Ceng Zi: Yu Zi, born in shēn, Ceng Zi, was born from 505 BC to 436 BC. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanwucheng (now a native of Feixian County, Shandong Province) of Lu was a descendant of the nobles of Qi who were destroyed by Lu. Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son.

It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety. (2) Three provinces (xǐng): more introspection.

Note: There are several explanations in the three provinces: First, repeated inspection; The second is to check from many aspects. In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times.

Three: refers to many times. Conduct self-examination and introspection many times.

(3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty. We should do our best here.

(4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere. Believe in honesty.

People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people. It means: sincere and honest (5) pass it on: pass it on (verb as noun), and the old note says: "Be taught by the teacher.

The teacher taught himself Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on.

Supplementary note: Me: Me. Day: Every day.

Three: Many times. Province: check and reflect.

Pro: Pro. Ask: plan.

Loyalty: Do my best. Faith: honesty: the third knowledge taught by teachers: learning methods Confucius said: "Reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher."

Confucius said, "If you review what you have learned, you can gain new insights and experiences, and you can learn from them." Key words explanation: Note: This chapter has two explanations for "reviewing the past and learning the new".

One is "review the past and learn the new": review what you have heard and gain new insights from it; The second is to "review the past and learn the new": on the one hand, we should review the stories of laws and regulations, on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge. I think it may be more complete to combine these two schemes.

4. Complete translation of classical Chinese in junior middle schools. 1. Tong Qu (Shen Fu) Yu recalled that when he was a child, he could stare at the sun and observe the details of autumn. When he sees something unimportant, he must carefully check its texture, so he sometimes looks for fun outside things.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.

I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass of the flower bed, so that I can be flush with the platform; Look carefully, take shrubs as forests, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, convex ones as hills, concave ones as valleys, and enjoy yourself wandering among them. One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it.

I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.

I recall that when I was young, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I can often feel the happiness beyond the thing itself. On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff.

I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy. I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.

One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim.

When he came to his senses, he caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to other yards. 2. The Analects of Confucius X 1. Confucius said, "What's more, learn from time to time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't it a gentleman to be unhappy and not know it? " 2. Zeng Zi said: "I am in three provinces (xǐng): I am unfaithful to others, but I don't believe in making friends, and I don't learn to make friends." 3. Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." 4. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." 5. Confucius said, "Because, goddaughter." Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also. "6. Confucius said:" See the sage Si Qi Yan, but if you don't see the sage, you will introspect. "7. Confucius said:" In a threesome, there must be my teacher; Choose the good to follow and change the bad. "8. Zeng Zi said," A scholar must be unfaithful and has a long way to go. Benevolence is not only more important than death, but also far from it. "9. Confucius said:" Cold tells the pine and cypress withered. 10. Zi Gong asked, "You can live your life in one sentence. "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." Confucius said: "isn't it fun to learn (knowledge) and then practice (review) at a certain time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Others don't know me, but I don't dislike it. Isn't it also a gentleman? " 2. Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it honest to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " 3. Confucius said: "Only by reviewing old knowledge can we have new experiences and discoveries, so we can be teachers."

4. Confucius said: "If you only read and don't think, you will be confused and get nothing; It is dangerous to dream without reading. " Confucius said, "I will teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing-this is wisdom."

6. Confucius said: "When you see a wise man, you should look up to it. When you see an immoral person, you should reflect on whether you have similar problems with him. " 7. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher. I will choose 7A68696416FE58685E5AEB93133330336430 to learn their advantages and I will correct their shortcomings (when I see myself). "

8. Ceng Zi said: "A scholar must be broad-minded and determined, because he has a great mission and a long way to go. Isn't it important to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Until death, isn't it far? " 9. Confucius said, "Only in the cold winter do we know that pine trees and cypresses are the last to shed leaves."

10. Zi Gong asked: "Is there a sentence that can be pursued for a lifetime?" Confucius said: "That is probably forgiveness (Tao)!" ! Don't impose what you hate on others. "3. Five ancient poems 1. Look at the sea (Jieshi is in the East) Author: Cao Cao looks at the sea facing Jieshi in the East.

The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.

The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.

I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. Agree with 0| comment.

Tiger and Hedgehog (1) have a big bug and want to feed in the wild. He saw a hedgehog lying on his back and called it a meat bowl (2) to take it away. Suddenly the hedgehog turned his nose and scared him away. He didn't know how to rest until he was sleepy and fell asleep in the mountains. Difficult Notes (1) This article is selected from Qi Yan Lu, a collection of jokes by Hou Bai in Sui Dynasty. (2) cut into small pieces of meat, here refers to meatballs. (3) Rubber barrel: acorns with shells. (4) Encounter. (5) Xianzun: the other party's respectful name is father. A new explanation of short chapter. Unexpectedly, the hedgehog was entangled in its nose. The tiger kept running back to the mountain, tired and tired, and fell asleep unconsciously. At this time, the hedgehog took the opportunity to escape. The tiger woke up and found himself unhurt. He is very happy. He walked under an oak tree and saw an acorn with a shell, so he lowered his head and said to the acorn, "I met your father this morning. I hope you will make way for me." "I was bitten by a snake once, and I was very happy." It is ridiculous to be extremely afraid of ignorant and stupid tigers. This fable tells us that only looking at the problem from the phenomenon will often lead to jokes. It also shows that people are prone to fear after setbacks or disasters, which reminds me of another story: "eat small fish the Big Fish", which is a natural law. However, scientists passed a special experiment. However, different conclusions have been drawn. The researchers used a piece of glass to divide a big fish tank in half. First of all, a big fish was put in half of the fish tank, and it was not fed for several days. Later, many small fish were put in the other half of the fish tank. When the big fish saw the small fish, it swam straight to the small fish. Unexpectedly, there was a layer of glass in the middle, so it was pushed back by the glass. The second time, it tried its best. But the result is still the same. This time, it was black and blue, and the pain was unbearable, so it gave up the food in front of it and was no longer in vain. The next day, scientists pulled out the glass in the middle of the fish tank, and the small fish swam leisurely in front of the big fish. At this time, the big fish has lost eat small fish's desire, watching the small fish swim around in front of them ... In fact, many people also have invisible "glass" in their hearts. Just as tigers whose noses are stung by hedgehogs are afraid of acorns, they dare not express their ideas boldly, or take the attitude of "once bitten, twice shy" in the face of setbacks. If a person wants to succeed, he must constantly break this "glass" in his heart, distinguish between acorns and hedgehogs, and transcend intangible obstacles! This is a profound revelation from this fable.

6. Are there any mistakes in modern people's understanding of ancient Chinese? 1. Starting from the same book, the meanings of all words are basically the same, regardless of stress. People everywhere feel the same way when reading Willow. Moreover, even if I think the pronunciation of a local dialect is strange, the other party will think that my pronunciation is not good, and our feelings and understanding of ancient Chinese will not be different because of the influence of accent.

2. Of course, it is not excluded that dialect language and accent have an influence on text understanding. For example, there is a person named Hang Jiacan, and Cantonese people will think of ugly words, but people in other regions have no reaction. However, this situation can be ignored in the vast amount of words.

As for punctuation, although there are disputes, there are not many controversial cases. Because of oral teaching, ancient Chinese is basically read in fixed sentences. It can also be said that this situation can be ignored in the vast amount of words. You can give several examples to say that punctuation has a great influence on understanding, but that's all.