Do you know the last name of a teacher who stumbles and cries the most-

A child who just went to school came home from school and tearfully urged his parents to change his surname.

Parents asked strangely why? The child complained: "What happened to the surname? I have to take this weird last name. When the name was called, the teacher froze. He couldn't read. By the time I wrote my name, all the students had finished it. I didn't even finish this last name. The students laughed at me. "

Parents can't laugh and cry after listening, so they have to patiently explain to their children.

So what is the surname of this child who doesn't even know the teacher and cries?

It is the word "Cuan" with a total of 30 strokes that stumbles the teacher and makes the students cry.

It's hard to say whether this word is a knowing word or an pictograph. It first appeared in the Warring States period, and the ancient Chinese character "Cuan" can be said to be a vivid picture of cooking with fire. Take the small seal script of Shuowen Jiezi as an example, let's analyze it (see the picture above): Part B stands for the ancient wok (sound: zèng, generally referring to the ancient wok). The middle part c is the hieroglyphics of the furnace mouth. The lower part is the epitome of firewood burning: both hands (component E) push firewood (component D) into the stove, and a "fire" burns below (component F).

This word means cooking with fire. Before liquefied gas and electricity appeared, people used to cook with fire. I'm afraid some older people still remember this scene vividly.

How can you remember this "si"? As long as you are willing to use your head, the solution is always more difficult than it is. There is a jingle, which begins with the word "Xing" (traditional) and ends with the word "Lin". If you connect in this order, it is easy to remember.

Why do you use the word "Si" as your surname? It's a long story The princes and nobles of the Zhou Dynasty were all gentlemen, and gentlemen stayed away from cooking, but they also had to eat. So, Zhou Wang set up officials to cook for the royal family. The official thought it was a great honor to cook for the royal family, so he took "Xian" as his surname.

In addition, there are many examples of taking official position and occupation as surnames in ancient times, such as taking official position as surnames, Sima is in charge of the national army, Stuart is in charge of the national map and population statistics, Wei is in charge of the judiciary, history is in charge of the official position that records history, and so on, as well as Shao Zheng, Shangguan, Xing, Qian, Yue, Shi.

The surnames are Zhu (architecture), Wei (cobbler), Ye (smelting), Zhong (casting bells), Tao (making pottery), Tu (slaughtering), Dong (cooking), Zhen (making pottery), Che (making cars), Pu (weaving) and Yi (making chess).

The descendants of this surname are not very prosperous and the population is very sparse, so it has become a very rare surname. Now it is mainly distributed in parts of Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces.

Located in Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District, the western suburb of Beijing, there is a village with many quadrangles in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of its long history, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in 2006. Because there are too many strokes, it is inconvenient to write, and now it is generally rewritten as "Chuan", so it is also called Chuandixia Village. However, the State Council tablet is engraved with "Ancient Architecture Complex of Cuanxia Village", and the word Cuan shall prevail.

Anyone who likes to read martial arts novels knows that Prince Duan of Nandi, who can "point out one yang", is a proud girl of Dali Kingdom in Yunnan, which was a prominent family in the Song Dynasty. In fact, before Dali, there was a famous family that had been passed down for hundreds of years, and this was the cuan clan family.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a cuan clan family came to Yunnan, took root and gradually developed. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Nan, the prime minister of Shu, conquered Yunnan. Zhuge, the prime minister, was far-sighted and relied on the local people to "select their talents" as local officials. One of them, named Cuan Xi, helped the Prime Minister to pacify his meritorious deeds, and "Jianning Cuan Xi became the leader". From then on, the cuan clan family began to flourish.

In 339 AD, cuan clan Chen Xian was the secretariat of Jiaozhou. He defeated two other big families, Huo and Meng, and ruled the south of China, so he became the "barbarian king". It started the history of cuan clan family ruling Yunnan for more than 400 years.

From 339 A.D. to 748 A.D. in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, this huge family had controlled the whole of Yunnan for more than 400 years, even parts of Guizhou and Sichuan were under their jurisdiction. Cuan clan and the local aborigines merged with each other and formed a unique political and cultural system, which was called mysterious culture by later generations.

The representative of Cuan culture is two famous stone tablets: "Cuan Baozi Monument" and "Cuan Longyan Monument" (commonly known as "Two Cuan Monuments"), which are important references for studying the unique cultural phenomena in Yunnan during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The full name of "Xian Baozi Monument" is "the tombstone of Xian Fujun, the magistrate of Jianning, Wei Zhen in the Jin Dynasty". This tablet was carved in the fourth year of Taiheng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 405). In the 43rd year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1778), it was unearthed in Yangqitian, 70 miles south of Qujing, Yunnan, and later moved to Wuhou Temple. Now it is hidden in the "Cuanbei Pavilion" of Qujing No.1 Middle School, which is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

"Xian Bao Zi" monument is190cm high and 7 1 cm wide. A total of 13 lines, each with 30 words. The lower part is 13 lines, each with 4 words. The inscription records the life of the tomb owner, Xian Baozi, and praises the tomb owner.

Kang Youwei, a great calligrapher in modern times, commented in Two Ships in a Week: "The end is like a Buddha's face." "Park Hou Gu Mao, full of strange looks, Wei Bei's harmony is between Kai Lee, which shows the source of different languages."

The full name of "Yan Long Monument" is "Hou Guan Wang Monument in Du Qiong County, Ningzhou, an ancient general in Song Dynasty". This inscription was written by Yao Daoqing in the second year of the Southern Song and Daming Dynasties (AD 458). It has been recorded in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and rubbings have been circulated. Existing in Douge Temple, Xueguanbao, 3km west of Seshalin, luliang county, Yunnan.

This monument is 3.38 meters high. The width of the upper monument is 1.35 meters, and the width of the lower monument is 1.46 meters ... both sides of the monument are engraved. There are 24 lines and 45 words on the tablet, which not only records the identity information of the tomb owner Yan Longyan, but also records the origin of cuan clan clan, family lineage, the process of Yan family entering Yunnan from Henan and the life story of the tomb owner. The inscription consists of three columns, with lines 15 above, 17 in the middle and 16 below. The number of words varies from 3 to 10, and the names of colleagues and subordinates who carved the inscription. At the end of the tablet are inscriptions by Ruan Yuan, Qiu Junen and Yang Pei in Qing Dynasty.

There are more than 1000 characters on both sides of the plaque. The inscription is in regular script, but it still means official script. Pens are mostly square-edged, with strong rotation; When painting carefully, it reveals elegance and nobility. The structure is mainly square, but it is still changing. The whole tablet book is vigorous and powerful.

Kang Youwei speaks highly of this monument. His "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Zhou" wrote: "Painting is like a kundao carving jade, but it is beautiful; The cloth is as fine as a painting, and each has its own intentions. When it comes to being an official, it is extremely important. "

The historical and cultural celebrities in Xi 'an are from the last years of the Three Kingdoms. Founder of cuan clan regime in Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Yan Longyan was born in the Eastern Jin and Southern Song Dynasties. The successor of the clan regime. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he was General Long Xiang, Captain Hu Zhenman, secretariat of Ningzhou, and Hou of Duqiong County.

Xian Baozi (380-403), born in Le Tong, Jianning (now Luliang, Yunnan), 19 years old, was the satrap of Jianning (now Qujing, Yunnan). It was the heyday of cuan clan's rule in Yunnan.

Guangxi Wang Gui (AD? In 746, the famous Wang Fan in the early years of the Tang Dynasty.

"Cuan" is the surname with the most strokes and the most complicated writing in China, which stumped the teacher and made the students cry. Now you know.