How to change the housing problem of farmers?

(1) Recent solutions

1. The governments where migrant workers work need to include migrant workers in the local urban housing security system. At present, most urban migrant workers live in work sheds, and the living conditions are very poor. The income of migrant workers is generally low, and it is unrealistic for them to buy affordable housing. The author believes that low-rent housing is the preferred way to solve the housing problem of migrant workers. Since the entry and exit mechanism of low-rent housing is flexible and more suitable for the high mobility of migrant workers, urban governments can incorporate migrant workers into the low-rent housing system and solve their housing problems through the rental model. Another method of protection is to build migrant worker apartments specifically for migrant workers to live in. Because migrant workers are different from urban low-income families, migrant workers' apartments can adopt different specifications from urban low-rent housing, such as building apartments that can be rented by two or three households of migrant workers. Since migrant workers working in cities will not be able to relocate their families for a long time, this transition method is feasible.

2. The government should provide guidance for migrant workers to go out to work, and discourage and to a certain extent restrict the large-scale cross-regional movement of migrant workers, especially those in occupations with low technical content. In policy guidance, migrant workers are encouraged to find employment nearby and try to find employment locally and in the province. This way, we are closer to home, so we can go home several times a year, or even every month, which ensures family stability and social harmony. At the same time, the gap in social customs, living habits, and language will not be too big, making it easy to adapt. For some migrant workers who are engaged in high-tech development and really need to move remotely, they should be encouraged to bring their families with them. The local government and their units should provide assistance for their residence, employment of their families, and schooling for their children. This prevents a large number of migrant workers from migrating long distances before and after the Spring Festival. It not only solves the problem of migrant workers having difficulty returning home during the holidays and the heavy pressure on railway and road transportation, but also avoids the instability of migrant workers' families caused by living in two places.

3. The wages of migrant workers should include housing consumption. At present, the wages of migrant workers are relatively low, and coupled with the restrictions of the household registration system, they do not have the conditions to solve the housing problem in cities. At present, most migrant workers take their income from working in the city back to their hometown in the countryside and build their own houses. The disadvantage of this is that migrant workers live in cities for a long time, and the houses in their hometowns in rural areas cannot be effectively used, and their housing problems in cities cannot be solved. The author believes that the government should formulate relevant policies and regulations so that the wages of migrant workers can grow normally and reasonably with economic development, and the increase should include housing consumption. In this way, migrant workers have the conditions to solve their housing problems in cities. Moreover, with the adjustment of the country's overall industrial structure, the improvement of the quality of migrant workers and the transformation of industries, the wages of migrant workers should also increase accordingly. In order to prevent migrant workers from not using part of the increase to solve housing problems, the government can stipulate the share of the increase in wages of migrant workers that should be used for housing consumption to increase their ability to purchase or rent housing.

4. Encourage farmers to start their own businesses. The vast majority of migrant workers have lived in cities for a long time and have mastered certain technical skills and knowledge. Rather than staying in the city as migrant workers, they can also choose to go home and start a business, thus improving their living conditions. For these returning farmers who start their own businesses, the government should provide policy support - such as land supply, business registration and other preferential policies; at the same time, small loans should be relaxed to facilitate the fund-raising of entrepreneurs. The government can also provide technical guidance to help migrant workers start businesses in their hometowns. Since the local land and human resources in rural areas are better than those in cities, the housing problem of returning migrant workers can be easily solved, and it can also promote the development of local rural areas.

(2) Long-term solution

The author believes that the fundamental way to the long-term solution is to gradually eliminate the migrant worker system in our country. Our country is currently in the process of urbanization. Urbanization is not only reflected in the increase in urban area and economic development, but also in the gradual transformation of the agricultural population into non-agricultural population. The proportion of the agricultural population in the total population is gradually decreasing. Finally, reach a stable level.

The transformation of migrant workers into urban residents is not only reflected in the improvement of their quality and mastering the skills to make a living in the city, but also in their ability to obtain urban household registration, settle in the city, and have their own residence.

Solving the housing problem of migrant workers is a complex social-wide issue that involves all aspects of urban development. It is an unavoidable issue in the process of urban development. The author believes that the housing issue of migrant workers should be included in the city's long-term development plan and comprehensively considered. Mainly focus on the following aspects:

1. Improve supporting policies for migrant workers in the process of urbanization. For example, we should improve the wage system and solve the education problems of migrant workers' children; improve the social security system, include migrant workers, and provide comprehensive social security for their medical care, education, and housing. There are two points that need to be specially mentioned here:

First, migrant workers have a weak ability to "change their own destiny". The government should consider all aspects through social coordination and secondary distribution to increase the wage income of migrant workers year by year. , laying an economic foundation for solving their housing problems. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the National Bureau of Statistics recently released a jointly written "2007 Rural Economy Green Paper". Their survey data shows that the income gap among urban residents is continuing to increase. In 2006, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 11,759 yuan. It is 3.3 times that of farmers. The overall living standard of migrant workers working in cities is only equivalent to 53.2% of the average level of urban residents. In other words, if a migrant worker does hard and tiring work for a year, his living standard is only half that of urban residents. At such an income level, it is impossible to solve their housing problem. Therefore, we must first address their wage income, starting with social security, to avoid falling into growing poverty, gradually eliminate the income gap between them and urban residents, and provide economic security for solving their housing problems.

The second is to establish a housing provident fund system for migrant workers. It is impossible to solve the housing problem of migrant workers without relying on the housing provident fund system. Give full play to the role of the market mechanism. The government should not do everything in the process of solving problems. It should mobilize all aspects of society to work together to expand the coverage of the provident fund system and include migrant workers within the scope of the housing provident fund. In view of the low income of migrant workers, the Provident Fund contribution ratio can be set at a low level at the beginning and then adjusted after their wages increase year by year. Establish a complete system of low-rent housing, dormitories for migrant workers, and apartments for migrant workers. Migrant workers who purchase commercial housing in the city or have owned housing in the city for a certain number of years are allowed to obtain local household registration. In addition, the state can also use the solution to the housing problem of migrant workers as one of the performance evaluation indicators of local governments. In this way, urban local governments will take the housing issues of migrant workers into consideration in their daily work.

2. The country can consider incorporating cross-regional long-distance mobility of migrant workers into mid- and long-term planning. The province will be used as the assessment unit to carry out macro-control on the flow of migrant workers. This needs to be achieved within a long-term plan of about five to ten years. The government can formulate planning indicators for the inflow and outflow of population in each province to guide the long-distance movement of migrant workers. Local governments need to grade migrant workers on the basis of training and assessment, and divide them into different levels according to their technical level: medium, low, medium, and low. In the assessment, they will focus on the flow of migrant workers with low, medium, and unskilled levels. For example, the country can set a population outflow target of 1 million from a province in the west, and how many migrant workers of high, middle, low and unskilled levels will flow to the southeastern coast, the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing and Tianjin and other regions. Then a survey will be conducted on the actual floating population, mainly looking at low- to medium-level and unskilled levels. If the actual population is more than this number, the central government will impose a certain population mobility fee on the province and urge the local government to provide preferential policies to encourage migrant workers to combine Social policy and rural construction, employment nearby, self-employment, and contribution to the development of hometown. For the eastern and coastal provinces that accept migrant workers, they must assess the quotas for accepting migrant workers of all levels and without grades, and levy quota fees for those who exceed the quota for low-, middle-grade and non-grade migrant workers. This will increase the enthusiasm of migrant workers for local employment and increase the cost of long-distance mobility. Especially for some unskilled migrant workers, the possibility of long-distance mobility should be reduced as much as possible.