Speak Mandarin and write standardized scripts

(February 6, 1956)

Chinese is the main language in our country, the language with the largest number of speakers in the world, and one of the most developed languages ??in the world. one. Language is a tool for communication, as well as a tool for social struggle and development. At present, the Chinese language is serving the great cause of socialist construction carried out by our people. Learning Chinese well is of great significance to the development of our country's socialist cause.

Due to historical reasons, the development of Chinese has not yet reached the point of complete unity. Many seriously divergent dialects hinder people from different regions from communicating and cause many inconveniences in the cause of socialist construction. Certain inconsistencies and ungrammatical phenomena in language exist not only in spoken language but also in written language. There is considerable lexical and grammatical confusion in written language and even in publications. In the interests of the further development of our country's politics, economy, culture and national defense, these phenomena must be effectively eliminated.

The basis for the unification of the Chinese language already exists, which is Mandarin with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Northern dialect as the basic dialect, and model modern vernacular works as the grammatical standard. Promoting this kind of Mandarin in the cultural and educational system and in all aspects of people's lives is the main method to promote the complete unification of the Chinese language. To this end, the State Council has instructed as follows:

(1) Starting from the autumn of 1956, Mandarin will be taught in Chinese classes in primary and secondary schools nationwide, except in minority areas. By 1960, students in third grade and above in primary schools, middle schools and normal schools should basically be able to speak Mandarin. Teachers in all subjects in primary schools and normal schools should all teach in Mandarin. Teachers in middle schools and secondary vocational schools should also basically be able to speak Mandarin. Teaching in Mandarin. Putonghua content should also be added to the Chinese language teaching in colleges and universities. Students about to graduate from secondary schools and colleges, as well as young teachers and teaching assistants in colleges and universities, if they still cannot speak Mandarin, should take short-term tutoring to facilitate their work. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education should respectively formulate special plans to vigorously strengthen Chinese language teaching in schools at all levels and promote the standardization of Chinese language, and submit them to the State Council for approval and implementation.

(2) Chinese courses in the cultural education of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and Chinese courses in schools at all levels affiliated to the Chinese People's Liberation Army should be taught in Mandarin. Soldiers must learn to use Mandarin within one year of joining the army, and within one year of entering military schools at all levels. Chinese language teaching in amateur schools of various agencies should also use Mandarin as the standard.

(3) Local branches of the Youth League and local trade union organizations should use appropriate and effective methods to vigorously promote Mandarin among young people and workers. Youth League members should take the lead in learning and promoting Mandarin. Cultural remedial schools and cultural remedial classes in factories (first of all, large factories) and advanced classes in perennial private schools in rural areas should promote the teaching of Mandarin as much as possible and gradually.

(4) Radio stations across the country should cooperate with local working committees for promoting Mandarin to hold Mandarin lectures. Radio stations in various dialect areas must appropriately include programs broadcast in Mandarin in their daily broadcast programs to help local listeners gradually understand and learn to speak Mandarin. National broadcasters, national film actors, professional drama actors and vocal (singing) actors must all receive training in Mandarin. Mandarin should also be gradually promoted among Peking opera and other opera actors.

(5) Editorial staff of newspapers, news agencies, magazines and publishing houses across the country should learn Mandarin and common sense of grammar and rhetoric, and strengthen the copy editing of manuscripts. The Ministry of Culture should supervise central-level and local-level publishing agencies to appoint dedicated personnel, establish systems, train cadres, and formulate plans to basically eliminate inappropriate words and sentences in publications within 2 to 5 years respectively. There is some confusion.

(6) Service personnel in the national railway, transportation, postal and telecommunications industries, service personnel in commercial enterprises in large cities and industrial and mining areas, staff in health services in large cities and industrial and mining areas, large cities Police officers in industrial and mining areas, staff in judicial organs, reporters at newspapers and news agencies, staff at cultural centers and stations, and staff at agencies and organizations at or above the county level should all learn Mandarin.

The above-mentioned relevant agencies should work out specific plans for their staff to learn Mandarin based on the circumstances, and be responsible for implementing them, so that all their staff who are often close to the masses in all aspects can learn Mandarin within a certain period of time.

(7) All translators for external communications should always use Mandarin to translate, except for special needs.

(8) The Chinese Character Reform Committee should complete the Chinese Pinyin plan in the first half of 1956 to facilitate the teaching of Mandarin and the phonetic notation of Chinese characters.

(9) In order to help the teaching of Mandarin, the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences should compile a Putonghua correct pronunciation dictionary for the purpose of determining phonetic standards in 1956, and a dictionary for the purpose of determining vocabulary standards in 1958. A medium-sized modern Chinese dictionary, and in conjunction with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education, organized the strength of normal colleges and university language departments in various places to complete a preliminary survey of dialects in every county in the country in 1956 and 1957. The provincial education departments should, within 1956, compile a pamphlet to guide people in their provinces in learning Mandarin based on the characteristics of the dialects in each province. The Ministry of Education and the Broadcasting Bureau should record a large number of audiotapes for teaching Mandarin. The Ministry of Culture should produce films promoting and teaching Mandarin within 1956.

(10) In order to train cadres to promote Mandarin work, the Ministry of Education should often hold Mandarin pronunciation research classes to train Chinese teachers and educational administrative cadres in middle schools and normal schools in various places. All agencies, groups, and military units should also Send appropriate cadres to participate in training. Similarly, the educational administration agencies in various provinces, cities and counties should also generally hold short-term Mandarin pronunciation training courses to train Chinese teachers in primary and secondary schools and normal schools in various places. Local agencies, groups, and military units should also send appropriate cadres to participate in the training.

(11) The State Council has established a working committee for the promotion of Mandarin to provide unified leadership for the promotion of Mandarin across the country. Its daily work is carried out by the Chinese Character Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Higher Education, the Ministry of Culture, and the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: the Chinese Character Reform Commission is responsible for the planning, guidance and inspection of the entire work; the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education are responsible for The leadership of Mandarin teaching in schools and amateur schools at all levels across the country, the training of Mandarin teachers and the supply of Mandarin teaching materials; the Ministry of Culture is responsible for the standardization of language in publications, the publication of Mandarin books and periodicals and the production of audiotapes and films; language The institute is responsible for the research and promotion of standards for Mandarin pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The People's Committees of all provinces and cities should set up similar committees, with the education departments and bureaus of each province and city as their daily work organs.

(12) All minority areas should vigorously promote Mandarin among the Han people in each area. Chinese language teaching in minority schools should be based on Chinese phonetic communication. The Chinese broadcasts of radio stations in ethnic minority areas should try to use Mandarin. The People's Committee of each autonomous region may establish a working committee for the promotion of Mandarin as needed to provide unified leadership in promoting Mandarin among the Chinese-speaking people in each autonomous region.

Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council

Also

Promotion of Mandarin propaganda outlines and slogans

——National Promotion Week Leading Group Office 2005 Year revised

1. The significance of promoting Mandarin

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" stipulates that Mandarin is the national common language. Mandarin uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular writings as the grammatical standard.

Language is the most important communication tool and information carrier. In the historical process of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, vigorously promoting and actively popularizing Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country, is conducive to eliminating language barriers and promoting social exchanges, and is of great significance to socialist economic, political, cultural construction and social development.

With the development of reform and opening up and the socialist market economy, society has an increasingly urgent need to popularize Mandarin. Promote the popularization of Mandarin and create a good language environment, which is conducive to promoting personnel exchanges, conducive to commodity circulation and cultivating a unified market.

Our country is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-dialect country with a large population. Promoting and popularizing Mandarin is conducive to enhancing exchanges among various ethnic groups and regions, maintaining national unity, and enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation.

Language and writing skills are the basic content of cultural quality, and popularizing Mandarin is an important part of quality education.

Promoting the popularization of Mandarin is conducive to the implementation of the strategic policy of education facing modernization, the world, and the future, and is conducive to carrying forward the motherland's excellent traditional culture and patriotism spirit, and improving the scientific and cultural quality of the entire nation.

The level of information technology is one of the indicators to measure the level of national science and technology. Standardization of language and characters is a prerequisite for improving the level of Chinese information processing. Promoting the popularization of Mandarin and implementing the "Hanyu Pinyin Plan" will help promote the development and application of Chinese information processing technology.

In short, the promotion and popularization of Mandarin is conducive to the development of my country's advanced productive forces and advanced culture, and is in line with the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in the country. It is an important step in implementing the important thinking of the "Three Represents", adhering to people-oriented, and implementing a comprehensive and coordinated , sustainable scientific development concept, and concrete actions to serve the purpose of building a harmonious society and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.

2. Legal basis for promoting Mandarin

Article 19 of the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: "The state promotes Mandarin that is commonly used throughout the country."

Article 2 of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language" stipulates: "The national commonly used spoken and written language is Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters." Article 3 stipulates: "The state promotes Mandarin and standardizes Chinese characters." Article 4 stipulates: "Citizens have the right to learn and use the country's common spoken and written language. The state provides conditions for citizens to learn and use the country's common spoken and written language. Local people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments should take measures to promote Mandarin and standardize Chinese characters. "Article 5 stipulates: "The use of the national common spoken and written language should be conducive to safeguarding national sovereignty and national dignity, conducive to national unity and national unity, and conducive to the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization." Article 10 stipulates: " Schools and other educational institutions shall use Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters as the basic language used in education and teaching. "Article 11 stipulates: "Chinese language publications shall comply with the norms and standards of the national common language." Article 12 stipulates: " Radio stations and television stations use Mandarin as the basic language of broadcasting. "Article 13 stipulates: "Encourage public service industries to use Mandarin as the language of service." Article 14 stipulates: "Radio, film, and television use the national common language. Text is the basic vocabulary." Article 18 stipulates: "The national common spoken and written language uses the "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" as a spelling and notation tool. Primary education should carry out Chinese Pinyin teaching." Article 19 stipulates: "Any position where Mandarin is used as the working language, its work Personnel should have the ability to speak Mandarin. The Mandarin proficiency of announcers, program hosts, film and television drama actors, teachers, and state agency staff who use Mandarin as their working language must meet the national grade standards; for those who have not yet reached the national standard, If the standard of Mandarin is not met, training will be carried out on a case-by-case basis. "Article 20 stipulates: "Teaching Chinese as a foreign language shall teach Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters." Article 37 stipulates: “Schools (classes) and other educational institutions that mainly recruit minority students shall, if conditions permit, use textbooks in minority languages ??and teach in minority languages; starting from the lower or upper grades of primary school, depending on the circumstances. Establish Chinese language courses, promote Mandarin and standardize Chinese characters used throughout the country. "Article 49 stipulates: "The autonomous organs of ethnic autonomous areas educate and encourage cadres of all ethnic groups to learn the spoken and written languages ????of the local ethnic minorities. When cadres of ethnic minorities learn and use their own spoken and written languages, they must also learn Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters commonly used throughout the country. "

Article 12 of the "Education Law of the People's Republic of China". It stipulates: "Schools and other educational institutions should promote the use of Mandarin and standard Chinese characters commonly used throughout the country when teaching."

Article 6 of the "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: "Schools should Promote Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country. Schools that mainly recruit ethnic minority students can teach in the languages ??commonly used by ethnic minorities."

Details for the Implementation of the Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China. Four provisions: "Schools that implement compulsory education should promote the use of Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country, in education, teaching and various activities. Normal colleges and universities should use Mandarin in education, teaching and various activities."

《 Article 6 of the "Regulations on Illiteracy Elimination Work" stipulates: "The teaching of illiteracy eradication should use Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

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Article 15 of the "Kindergarten Management Regulations" stipulates: "Kindergartens should use Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country. "

Article 14 of the "Regulations on the Administrative Work of Ethnic Townships" stipulates: "Primary and secondary schools in ethnic townships can use the spoken and written languages ??commonly used by local ethnic minorities for teaching, and at the same time promote Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country. "

Article 36 of the "Radio and Television Management Regulations" stipulates: "Radio stations and television stations should use standardized language and characters. Radio and television stations should promote Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country. ”

3. Guidelines and policies for promoting Mandarin

In order to meet the needs of reform and opening up, economic construction and social development, in 1986, the state listed the promotion of Mandarin as an important part of the language work in the new era. In 1992, the main task of promoting Mandarin was "vigorously promote, actively popularize, and gradually improve", which set higher requirements in terms of strengthening government behavior, expanding the scope of popularization, and improving the level of Putonghua application among the entire population.

The languages ??of all ethnic groups exist equally, and all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own languages. The state encourages all ethnic groups to learn languages ??from each other. Chinese courses offered in schools that use minority languages ????should teach Mandarin. In ethnic minority autonomous areas, When it is necessary to use Chinese, Mandarin should be used.

Correctly handle the relationship between Mandarin and Chinese dialects, adhere to the principle of combining subjectivity and diversification of social language life, on the one hand, so that citizens generally have the ability to use Mandarin, and on the other hand, citizens should generally have the ability to use Mandarin. On the one hand, respecting the use value and cultural value of dialects. Promoting Mandarin is not to eliminate dialects, but to enable citizens to master the national common language while using dialects, and to consciously use Mandarin in formal occasions and public communication situations.

4. The goal of promoting Mandarin

Before 2010, Mandarin will be initially popularized nationwide, dialect barriers in communication will be basically eliminated, and citizens with secondary education or above will be able to use Mandarin. ability, and consciously use Putonghua when necessary; before the middle of this century, Putonghua was popularized across the country, and there was no dialect barrier in communication. After unremitting efforts in the next four to fifty years, the Chinese people's language quality has been greatly improved, and Putonghua has been greatly improved. The social application is more suitable for the economic, political and cultural development needs of the society, and a good language environment is formed that is consistent with the level of moderately developed countries.

5. Basic ideas for promoting Mandarin.

The promotion of Mandarin must closely focus on social needs, proceed from the national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, follow the laws of language development, and strengthen government behavior in accordance with the law. It must be based on schools, with party and government agencies as the leader, and radio and television and other news media as examples. , using the public service industry as a window, and gradually expanding to rural areas and wider areas, and gradually realizing the popularization of Mandarin in the whole society.

6. Basic measures to promote Mandarin.

The basic measures for promoting Mandarin are to implement target management, quantitative assessment, implement Mandarin proficiency tests and carry out publicity and education centered on the National Mandarin Promotion Week activities. We will continue to increase the intensity of promotion in accordance with the law and gradually enter the system.

7. Basic requirements for the promotion of Mandarin

To promote Mandarin, we must work hard in four key areas: First, schools and other educational institutions. With Mandarin as the basic language of education and teaching, urban schools and kindergartens must make Mandarin the language of campus and incorporate the requirements of popularizing Mandarin into training goals, management routines, basic skills training for teachers, and permeate into moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and social practice. in educational and teaching activities. It is necessary to actively carry out activities to create model schools for standardization of spoken and written languages ??and cultivate a number of model schools that do well in popularizing Mandarin and standardizing spoken and written languages. Second, party and government agencies should take the lead in setting an example by using Mandarin as the official language, and urge and drive the whole society to popularize Mandarin. Civil servants’ Putonghua proficiency must reach a prescribed level. Third, news media such as radio and television must use Mandarin as their basic broadcast language, and announcers and program hosts must become role models for the whole society in speaking Mandarin well. Fourth, encourage businesses, tourism, postal services, telecommunications, railways, civil aviation, finance, health and other industries to use Mandarin as the language of service, and encourage employees to work hard to improve their Mandarin skills. The People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force should use Mandarin as their working language and help cadres and soldiers strive to improve their Mandarin proficiency.

8. Promote Mandarin slogans

(1) The state promotes Mandarin that is commonly used throughout the country

(2) Actively popularize national synonyms and strengthen the Chinese National cohesion

(3) Love the flag, sing the national anthem, and speak Mandarin

(4) The four seas have the same sound, and we are united

(5) Mandarin: Shenzhou, Huaxia Love

(6) Popularize Mandarin, the world is one family

(7) Facing modernization, promote Mandarin

(8) Actively popularize Mandarin, and work together to build a well-off society

(9) Establish awareness of language norms and improve national cultural quality

(10) Civil servants must take the lead in promoting Mandarin

(11) News media must become the promoter Model of Mandarin

(12) Mandarin is our campus language

(13) I am a Chinese child and love to speak Mandarin

(14) Mandarin: Emotions The bond and the bridge of communication

(15) Speak Mandarin to welcome guests from all over the world; use civilized language to express true feelings

(16) Communication - Start with Mandarin

(17) Speak Mandarin well, it will be convenient for you, me and others

(18) Speak Mandarin well, start with me

(19) Speak Mandarin well, you will have friends all over the world

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Please rate as the best answer

(20) Mandarin brings you and me closer

(21) Mandarin - the needs of the times and the pursuit of fashion

(22) Mandarin - makes life more exciting and makes society warmer

(23) Mandarin goes hand in hand with youth, and civilized language goes side by side with fashion

( 24) Civilized language is deeply rooted in the hearts of men, women, old and young, and Mandarin integrates the feelings of east, west, north and south

(25) Hearts are in harmony, languages ??are connected, and people are happy and happy

(26) Realization Smooth communication and building a harmonious society