Joke Collection Website - Cold jokes - What substance on the earth can get close to the sun without melting, or even isolate the heat of the sun?

What substance on the earth can get close to the sun without melting, or even isolate the heat of the sun?

Unfortunately, this one really doesn't exist. Not to mention the material on the earth, even the whole earth, the sun can melt it.

At present, the material with the highest melting point on the earth is hafnium alloy-tetratantalum pentacarbon hafnium compound, with a melting point as high as 42 15 degrees Celsius. But unfortunately, the surface temperature of the sun is 5500 degrees Celsius, which is 1000 degrees Celsius. A simple temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius is enough to melt most of the stones.

If we extend further inside, the temperature in the core of the sun can reach 15 million degrees Celsius. It is no exaggeration to say that even if humans enter the core through the surface, you will become the raw material of nuclear fusion under strong pressure and extremely high temperature.

As for isolating solar heat, we only consider thermal radiation here. If all the thermal radiation is reflected and the transmission form of thermal radiation is electromagnetic wave, then if a "mirror" with reflectivity of 100% can be made, the thermal radiation can be completely isolated theoretically. Unfortunately, this is a theoretical possibility, but it does not exist in practice.

A joke on the Internet-"Let's wait until the sun goes down."

Looking forward to your comments and attention! Unfortunately, there isn't. However, to be a "container for holding the sun", you don't have to use heat-resistant materials or heat-insulating materials to isolate the heat of the sun. Let's take our time.

The temperature indicated by the sun is around 5500, and the core of the sun can reach150,000. The naturally occurring substance with the highest melting point on the earth is tungsten, with a melting point of 34 10, and the melting point of high-temperature resistant synthetic materials does not exceed 4200. At present, we don't have any materials that can withstand the heat of the sun. Since tangible things can't be done, we can consider some "intangible things".

Let me ask you a question first. Why is the sun spherical? Hydrogen fusion is taking place in the center of the sun, which is equivalent to the continuous explosion of a large number of hydrogen bombs, and the powerful radiation pressure constantly ejects substances. So what forces constrain the sun to keep it spherical and not explode? This is gravity. The huge mass of the sun itself forms a gravitational field, which pulls the surface material to the core, while the radiation pressure erupts the core material outward, forming a balance and maintaining a spherical shape. In other words, the gravitational field is the "container" of the sun.

Scientists want to build an artificial sun "controlled nuclear fusion" on the earth to solve the energy problem. Since nothing can hold the sun at present, scientists also want to use it to restrain the sun. But the artificial sun is too small to form a large enough gravitational field, and scientists use magnetic fields. High school physics knowledge, charged particles will deflect in the magnetic field. Both the raw material hydrogen nucleus and the product helium nucleus of fusion are positively charged. If we have a well-designed strong magnetic field, the nuclear reaction can only be carried out in the field, and the charged particles can't fly out, we have a "container" with a "small sun" inside.

Let's talk about heat insulation. Have you ever heard of "paper pot boiling water"? Boiling water takes away excess heat, so that the temperature of the paper pot can not reach the ignition point. At present, nuclear power plants are based on similar principles. A lot of water is used to cool the reactor where nuclear fission is taking place, but there is no surge of heat outside. The future artificial solar nuclear fusion power station will also adopt the same principle. The heat taken away by the coolant is used to isolate the outside of the facility, and the heat absorbed by the coolant is used to generate electricity.

The principle of controlled nuclear fusion is more popular, but there are actually many complicated details. However, it has developed rapidly in recent years, and we will make our own sun on the surface of the earth in the near future.

Nasa plans to launch Parker probe in the second half of 20 18, and the surface of the probe is covered with high temperature resistant material 1400. After several orbit changes, the Parker probe will reach an unprecedented distance of 5.9 million kilometers from the sun and fly at a speed of 200 kilometers per second, becoming the fastest probe.

The surface of Parker detector is covered with carbon composite material, which can withstand the high temperature on the surface of the sun (outside three solar radii), but it can't get close. It is estimated that the surface temperature of the sun can reach 5500 degrees, and the most heat-resistant material that humans can make at present can only withstand the high temperature of more than 4200 degrees. If it is too close to the sun, the high-energy particle flow and high temperature will seriously interfere with the normal work of the detector.

The high temperature produced by the huge energy released by the sun makes the gas on the surface of the sun become plasma, and the atomic group is deprived of electricity or electrons and is no longer a complete atom. Simple materials may not be able to withstand such an environment. It was once mentioned in a sci-fi work that a spaceship made of neutrons, according to the mass of the sun, may really be able to enter the interior of the sun for some observations, but that kind of spaceship can no longer be called a material, and it can't be done with the current technology of mankind. Or a magnetic field or the like can be used. , can discharge charged particles, but the energy consumption will be huge.

The substance that can isolate the heat of the sun when it is close to the sun may not exist at all. Finally, only magnetic fields, nuclear fusion and antimatter can provide the needed energy. However, at present, nuclear fusion can only be stable for 100 second, and the cost of making 1 g antimatter can reach the trillion level, which is unimaginable.

The sun is the hottest celestial body on the surface of the solar system, with a height of 5600. It collects most of the solar system's materials, accounting for 99.86% of the total visible materials in the solar system. These substances are neither solid nor liquid nor gaseous on the sun, but plasma, which means that the sun itself is a huge plasma ball.

Nothing on earth can resist the temperature of the sun. If our earth is close to the sun, it will be melted and vaporized quickly, and eventually become a plasma state and become a part of the sun's huge plasma.

Not only the materials on the earth can't withstand the high temperature of the sun, but all the materials and objects made by scientists can't keep melting under the high temperature of the sun. The tungsten wire in the bulb can withstand the high temperature of 34 15, and the tantalum-hafnium alloy with the highest artificial melting point needs to reach more than 4200 to melt. However, the surface temperature of the sun is as high as 5600, and it can still melt or even evaporate them.

So it is really impossible for humans to reach the surface of the sun? In fact, this possibility cannot be completely denied. For example, the controlled nuclear fusion technology that human beings are developing now will produce a temperature as high as tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius at the moment of nuclear fusion. Of course, nothing on the earth can withstand such a high temperature, but scientists can use artificial magnetic fields to control energy in a certain spatial range. So if humans use this technology in the future, is it possible to touch the sun?

Of course, it is impossible for humans to create a huge magnetic field to control the whole sun, but we may install such a unidirectional magnetic field at the front end of the detector or spacecraft to divert solar energy, so that the energy radiated by the sun will be distributed to both sides, so that the detector and spacecraft will receive much less thermal radiation. If the magnetic field device cannot withstand the high temperature of the sun for a long time, we can constantly replace the device that emits the magnetic field, cool it immediately after replacement, and then replace it. If this cycle continues, we may be able to approach the surface of the sun.

Some time ago, the Parker solar probe launched by Americans will pass through a place 665,438+million kilometers away from the sun. The temperature here is as high as hundreds of thousands of degrees Celsius, which is theoretically higher than the surface temperature of the sun. However, due to the thin particle density, the actual temperature there is about 900 to 65,438+0,300. Parker solar detector adopts carbon composite heat insulation technology. Using a carbon cover with a thickness of 12 cm to block the solar thermal radiation can resist the high temperature of 1400, so the Parker detector will be safe even if it is in close contact with the sun.

However, Parker Solar Detector still uses very primitive heat insulation technology, but this simple heat insulation technology is still used by human beings to detect the sun. I believe that in the future, human beings will have higher technical means to isolate thermal radiation, so that touching the sun will never be a fantasy.

Don't! You know, even if the earth is close to the sun, it will melt! It is even more impossible to isolate the heat of the sun!

You know, the sun is a star, its surface reaction heat and energy can reach 5500 degrees Celsius, and its core temperature can reach150,000 degrees Celsius. Such heat cannot be isolated by any substance, and the radiation energy of the sun itself is extremely high. Generally speaking, without the protection of the earth's atmosphere, solar radiation can kill all life on earth.

But when it comes to isolating the heat from the sun, it is still possible. According to other accounts on the Internet, it seems that the "sun" can be trapped by a magnetic field. That is to say, with a strong electromagnetic field, the energy particles produced by the nuclear fusion reaction are surrounded by the attraction and magnetic effect of the magnetic field, so that most of the particles will not run out. Of course, at present, human beings can't create a strong magnetic field around the sun, but only a little small magnetic field to wrap the imaginary mini-mini sun.

Generally speaking, the purpose of trying to control the sun is to control nuclear fusion. However, nuclear fusion requires a high temperature of 200 million degrees Celsius, and such a huge pressure is generally difficult to control, although compared with the current nuclear fission mode of nuclear weapons, nuclear fusion is safer and emits less radiation. Before the project, the physics community was still studying how to control nuclear fusion with strong magnetic field. Looking back at the conditions of nuclear fusion, the temperature of 200 million degrees Celsius is currently unattainable. At present, the highest temperature made by human beings is 55 million degrees Celsius, which is still a long way from 200 million degrees Celsius. However, it is worth mentioning that the way to obtain this temperature is still nuclear fusion.

Near the sun? That depends on how close it is.

The diameter of the sun is about1392000 (1.39210? ) kilometers, equivalent to 109 times the diameter of the earth; The volume is about 6.5438+0.3 million times that of the earth; The mass is about 2 10? The kilogram is 330,000 times that of the earth.

The core temperature of the sun is as high as 654.38+05 million degrees, the pressure is equivalent to 300 billion atmospheres, and the surface temperature is about 6000 degrees.

There is no oxygen on the surface of the sun and its accessories, so if it is made of high temperature resistant materials such as tungsten (melting point 3430) or ceramics, it can be close to tens of thousands of kilometers away from the surface of the sun. If you make a ceramic shell with a thickness of tens to hundreds of kilometers for the sun, you can isolate the heat of the sun.

By the way, the energy received by direct sunlight per unit area of the earth is equivalent to 1368W/. The sunlight reaching the earth's surface is attenuated after being absorbed by the atmosphere, and it is only about 1000W/ when the atmosphere is clear and the sun is close to the zenith.

The maximum surface area of the earth (including the atmosphere) is about 4 * π * r 2 = 4 4,52 *10/4, that is, the energy transmitted by the sun to the earth is equivalent to 3 1000 billion MW, which is equivalent to more than 10000 times of human energy consumption.

Therefore, solar energy is the best solution for mankind to eradicate the energy crisis.

The energy of life on earth comes from solar radiation. Plant photosynthesis fixes solar energy, herbivores get energy by eating grass, and carnivores get energy by eating herbivores, thus realizing the flow of solar energy from plants to animals.

The radiation of the sun comes from the huge energy generated by the nuclear fusion reaction in the sun's core, which also makes the temperature of the sun very high. The core temperature of the sun reaches 15 million degrees, while the surface temperature reaches 5500-6000 degrees.

It can be said that the temperature of the sun is terrible, so the problem is coming. Is there anything on earth that can be taken directly to the sun without being melted by the sun? Or is there anything in the universe that can be brought to the surface of a star without being melted?

The material with the highest melting point on the earth should be taken near the sun and will not be melted, which means that this material can resist the high temperature of 5500-6000 degrees on the surface of the sun. Is there such a substance on the earth?

The answer is obvious: no. The single metal with the highest melting point on the earth is tungsten. Its melting point can reach 34 10, which is far lower than the high temperature of 5500~6000 degrees on the surface of the sun.

The nonmetallic element with the highest melting point on the earth is graphite. Its melting point is higher than that of tungsten, which can reach 3850 50, which is also much lower than the temperature of the sun surface. Therefore, whether tungsten or graphite is taken near the sun, it will also be melted by the sun.

Is there anything with a higher melting point than graphite?

We can look for it in many compounds. The material with the highest melting point on the earth is hafnium alloy (Ta4HfC5), with a melting point of 42 15. This temperature is higher than the melting point of graphite, but it is still far below the temperature of the sun's surface. Therefore, even if you hold the hafnium alloy with the highest melting point on the earth close to the sun, you can't avoid being melted.

Some people may think: Didn't scientists in China develop an "artificial little sun", that is, a device to control the nuclear fusion reaction? You know, the inner core of the sun is also a controlled nuclear fusion reaction. If everything on the earth will melt, what is the "artificial sun" made of? Why can it carry controlled nuclear fusion without being melted?

In fact, the temperature of the core of the controlled nuclear fusion reactor is 65.438+0.5 billion degrees Celsius, while the temperature of the "artificial small sun" made by Chinese scientists can reach above 65.438+0 billion degrees Celsius, and it has only recently realized the function of discharging. In other words, the reaction temperature of "artificial sun" is much higher than the temperature of the sun core. Won't the "artificial sun" be melted?

This is actually related to the principle of artificial sun. When the temperature of a substance reaches a certain level, the atoms that make up the substance will lose electrons because the ambient temperature is too high. This is mainly because the electrons have gained enough energy to get rid of the shackles of the nucleus.

At this time, matter is no longer our common three States (gas, solid and liquid), but a plasma state. The so-called plasma state is the state in which negatively charged free electrons and positively charged ions coexist, and the state of matter inside the sun is the plasma state.

The substances involved in the reaction in the "artificial small sun" device are also plasma, which means that they are charged. According to the theory of electromagnetism, charged particles will deflect or even move in a circle due to Lorentz force in a magnetic field.

Therefore, as long as we add a magnetic field to the reactant, we can make the reactant move in a circular orbit. At this time, the reactants will not contact with the material of the device, so the device will not be melted. This device is also called the Tokamak device.

China's "Artificial Little Sun" uses this principle and adopts the Tokamak device to realize the controlled nuclear fusion reaction.

In addition to using magnetic fields to combine.

In fact, scientists also thought of using lasers to bind. At present, there are indeed scientists doing related experiments, which can also ensure that reactants and materials will not contact each other, which is called laser binding.

So the controlled nuclear fusion reactor is not a material that the sun can't melt.

Since there is nothing on earth that the sun can't melt, is there anything in the universe that the sun can't melt?

Unknown substances in the universe What we need to know is that the universe and the earth are the same, and we can all use a periodic table to describe the substances that make up the universe. Therefore, all the substances we know in the universe cannot escape the magical grasp of the sun.

However, according to the development of physics and astronomy in the 20th century, scientists found that there are two unknown substances in the universe, and their existence affects the evolution of the universe, namely dark matter and dark energy. They account for 95% of the total matter in the universe, which is the majority of the universe, but what we know is a few.

According to the current theory, dark matter should be composed of slow-moving dark matter particles, which are all around the galaxy and can provide strong gravity to maintain the stability of the galaxy. So dark matter should not be melted by the sun (stars), otherwise there are many stars in the galaxy, and the dark matter has been melted and the galaxy has collapsed.

Secondly, if dark energy is also melted by the sun, which means that stars will have an impact on it, then dark energy should be decreasing all the time, which is inconsistent with our observation. So dark energy should not be melted by stars.

So dark matter and dark energy should not be melted by stars, so they will not be melted by the sun.

The surface temperature of the sun is as high as 6000 degrees, and the core temperature is as high as150000 degrees. Nuclear fusion is super powerful. But unfortunately, substances that can withstand 6000 degrees of high temperature do not exist on the earth at present. Among our metals, the highest melting point is tungsten, with a melting point as high as 3380 degrees and a boiling point of 5927 degrees. The alloy with the highest melting point is hafnium alloy (Ta4HfC5), with a melting point of 42 15 degrees. This alloy is of great value in military and space exploration. However, whether it is tungsten metal or hafnium alloy, their melting points are far below the high temperature of 6000 degrees. Of course, it is also possible that in the future, scientists will develop alloys with higher melting points and keep approaching the surface temperature of the sun, but this is not an easy task.

So in the world of stars, everything on the planet is illusory. Once the star is swallowed, everything will turn into gas.

Today, we are shocked by the energy released by solar nuclear fusion, and hope to use this energy for people on earth. Therefore, many countries are carrying out research projects on nuclear fusion "artificial sun", and China is at the leading level in the world. We have built the world's first fully superconducting tokamak EAST, which can heat the deuterium-tritium plasma to 50 million degrees in 100 second by using the magnetic field effect.

I'm glad to answer your question.

If we want to resist the high temperature of the sun, we only need to know the surface temperature of the sun and whether the high melting point substances we know can compete with it.

Hafnium alloy, the melting point of hafnium alloy has reached 42 15! This is the highest melting point substance that we humans can synthesize! What about the sun?

Not to mention the inside of the sun, the surface temperature of the sun is 5500-5800 degrees, which is essentially different from 42 15 degrees.

From this point of view, let alone looking for it on the earth, even if we push the earth closer, it will melt. This probably means that none of them will match.

In fact, in the universe, neutron stars, dark matter, black holes and so on. , can be close to the sun. Especially black holes, as long as they are big enough, can quickly suck the whole solar system in and cannot escape.

This is the gap in strength.

It takes about 0.3KB of traffic, hahahahaha.

After all, am I hot ~

First of all, please don't define the sun with the earth's thinking. In the vast universe, there is life on any planet. The sun is no exception. Scientists on earth always think about the problems of the universe with very limited thinking. Many scientists and governments on earth have deliberately concealed and tampered with other life information and technologies in the universe, because the arrival of other advanced civilizations in the universe will completely liberate human limited consciousness and bring the technology of interstellar civilization, and human beings will usher in great evolution, and human beings on earth will no longer be enslaved and all religions will disappear.

The sun is the gateway to the solar system and other galaxies in the Milky Way. There are a lot of life on the sun, that is, solar life, where the level of life evolution is high and the level of civilization and technology is high. They use light to protect the sun from other negative civilizations. Therefore, sunlight is not the high-heat light that earth scientists think, but the cold light. When sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, it reacts with the atmosphere to generate heat, which provides life energy for life on earth. So with the thinking of the universe, anything on the earth can be close to the surface of the sun.