Farewell, prose of Ming and Qing Dynasties

It's time to bid farewell to Ming and Qing essays.

From the end of last year 1 1, it was about two and a half months off and on, and the essence of Ming and Qing Dynasties, which had been shelved for twenty years, was finally read. 560 compositions, nearly a thousand pages, 840 thousand words, almost every composition has been chewed twice, which is really not easy. The intermediate fermentation period took three and a half months, and then more than a month. I pondered over most of my works and made 29 reading notes. I feel relaxed and a little disappointed.

In the appendix, Mr. Zhang Zhenyuan's essays and answers in the late Ming Dynasty are analyzed in detail, with a total of 13 questions 13 answers. After reading it in one breath, the development of the essay is basically clear. Let's briefly introduce it below.

(1) Sketch was originally a Buddhist term. There are two versions of Maha Prajna Sutra translated by Kumarajiva in Chang 'an in the 4th century A.D. The whole version is called Maha Prajna Sutra, and the abridged version is called Prajna Sutra.

(2) Essays, as a literary term, first appeared in Su Changgong's Essays compiled by Wang Zhuben in the thirty-ninth year of Wanli in the late Ming Dynasty (16 1), followed by Zhu Guozhen's Essays on Chong Zhuang, Chen Jiru's Essays on Evening Fragrant Hall and Pan Zhiheng's Essays.

Essays, as a literary genre, have existed since ancient times, and Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Can is regarded as essays, and its achievements cannot be underestimated, just like those of the Six Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties. It was only at that time that the concept of sketch had not yet entered literature.

(4) The genre of essays in the late Ming Dynasty is quite complicated. Chen Jiru's Essays on Evening Fragrant Hall includes poems and words. Based on the relevant anthologies in modern times, essays can be basically divided into eight categories: preface and postscript, letters, diaries, travel notes, miscellaneous notes, biographies, expositions, explicit statements and others.

⑤ The artistic features of sketch can be roughly summarized into five points: conciseness, naturalness, vivid charm, ease and freedom, and profound feelings. The letters are concise and elegant, emphasizing temperament; Travel notes must have new ideas and beautiful tastes; Diary values individuality and true colors; Clear words are short and meaningful; Miscellaneous and interesting.

⑥ The Tang and Song Dynasties advocated expressing one's mind directly, and Gui Youguang was an outstanding representative; The public security school advocates the independent expression of spirit, and Yuan Hongdao is an outstanding representative; Jingling School advocates seclusion, and Dong Liu's Chinese Dream of the Imperial Capital is his classic.

⑦ Zhang Dai is a master of short stories in the late Ming Dynasty. Tao An Meng and West Lake Dream represent the highest achievements of his short stories.

⑧ Tongcheng School advocates studying Zuo Zhuan and Historical Records, paying attention to righteousness and law, advocating righteousness and reason, demanding elegant language and opposing vulgarity. It is the largest and most influential prose school in the history of China ancient literature. Yao Nai, Mei Zengliang and Lin Shu are the most famous essays.

(202 1.2.27.~ 28. Diary, 7.29. 12:43. Modified)

This is an old work, because I have been reading China's annual prose and writing reading notes for half a year, so I put it on hold for the time being. "The Essence of Ming and Qing Dynasties" also chose the fragment of Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life". I have seen it before, and I have read it again and again this time, so I can send my reading notes as soon as possible)