How to make up for the missing aesthetic education?

aesthetic education and art education: urban and rural areas should be under the same blue sky

"Except for a few top students, the musical quality of most students is almost blank. Few people can sing a textbook song smoothly and completely, and the pitch and rhythm are passable; Most students can't read music, and very few can read simple music; Instrumental classes have not been carried out, and no one can play musical instruments. " In September 28 and March 29, Yubei District of Chongqing made two surveys on the music discipline in rural primary and secondary schools, and found that the current situation of music education was not optimistic, even worrying. The survey found that 62 primary and secondary schools in the whole region should be equipped with 7 full-time music teachers, but actually only 12 people, only one piano, one electronic organ and only six organs. Most schools have extra vacant classrooms but no dedicated music classrooms. The teaching materials are well-equipped, but only two have complete teaching reference and recording.

not only in Yubei district of Chongqing, the unbalanced development of art education and aesthetic education is widespread in many parts of the country, and the shortage of full-time art education teachers and serious lack of curriculum investment are the most prominent manifestations. Music and art teachers in many schools are part-time, and art and physical education classes become "catch-up classes" for teachers of languages, mathematics and foreign languages. Music and art classes are only "leisure classes" for Chinese and math teachers to increase their workload, and students also regard these courses as "play classes" for adjustment. Some schools even regard music and art courses as indispensable classes and take them up or adjust them at will, even if there are arrangements on the curriculum.

In addition, there is only one textbook, and teachers only have one mouth to attend classes. There are no audio, organ, percussion, curriculum standards and teachers' books to assist teaching, which is the normal state in rural music classes. There are also some schools, because music and fine arts are not entrance examination subjects, and there are also unscientific phenomena in the calculation of teachers' workload, as well as in the process of assessment and evaluation. In some rural schools, when calculating the proportion of class hours, art physical education teachers only count .8 per class, while the main course teachers can count 1.2 or 1.5. In the long run, the enthusiasm and work efficiency of art teachers will be affected.

Some experts pointed out that in the same world and the same blue sky, rural children also have the need to receive art education and aesthetic education. The goal of "overall planning and balanced development of urban and rural areas" requires reasonable and effective measures to promote and mature supporting policy orientation, and more importantly, it needs to fundamentally change ideas and truly realize the importance of art education and aesthetic education in shaping teenagers' personality. Don't put a utilitarian coat on aesthetic education and art education

The lack of aesthetic education and art education makes people worry; The "overheating" of aesthetic education and art education is also distressing.

We see that some senior high schools blindly set up "crash courses" in art in order to improve the enrollment rate, regardless of students' interests, and encouraged students and parents who have entered the senior high school stage to take the so-called "curve college entrance examination" for artistic specialties; Despite the fact that their own art teaching resources are not sufficient, some colleges and universities are scrambling to start and expand art majors. The reason is not only the attraction of high tuition fees for art majors, but also the high registration fees for "art examinations" held all over the country every year.

Let's look at a group of domestic and foreign comparisons.

America, a public place in Washington. Open-air vocal and instrumental performances of college students are often held here, and the performance level is average, but parents and audience all give warm applause. Undoubtedly, this has greatly encouraged and stimulated students' independent consciousness and development potential.

On the other hand, in China, the popularity of art education is average, but student art groups have won many awards in the world, and the performance level is quite high. This is because a large part of the groups are art students. They not only have fixed rehearsal time, but also often hire well-known artists to guide the rehearsal. The awards of these associations can greatly enhance the reputation of their schools, thus attracting more students. In this way, art education has gradually put on a utilitarian coat, and art has also become a spring snow, making it impossible for ordinary children to hope.

There is a saying that the development and maturity of aesthetic education will go through three stages: artistic technology education-artistic quality education-aesthetic emotion education. Although the existence of these three stages is reasonable, the effects are obviously different. Only when aesthetic education develops to the third stage can aesthetic emotion education, the ultimate essence of aesthetic education and the goal of quality education be truly realized. Expert perspective: Pay attention to the "humanistic orientation" of art education

At present, it is still a quite common tendency to despise humanities education and art education, whether from the education sector or from the whole society.

economic construction and modernization are not only a scientific and technological issue, but also a material issue, including culture, spirit and value. Humanistic education can provide value orientation and meaning of life. Without humanistic education, there will be phenomena such as upside-down value evaluation, confusion of values, spiritual emptiness and loss of faith, and there will be spiritual crisis, and social stability and development will be seriously threatened.

At present, the number of college students and middle school students with different mental disorders and mental diseases is increasing. In order to alleviate this situation, in addition to strengthening moral education and physical education, aesthetic education and art education should also be strengthened, because aesthetic education and art education can affect a person's emotion, interest, temperament and mind, which is difficult for moral education and intellectual education.

Therefore, while strengthening science education, we should also strengthen humanities education, including art education, so as to continuously improve the taste and style of students and guide them to continuously improve their life realm.

Of course, it's not enough to emphasize only the education of art and aesthetic education, but also the humanistic connotation and orientation in the field of art and art education, such as outlook on life, values, style and interest.

At present, some new art forms in the fields of film, television, internet and so on have a growing influence on teenagers. We should pay attention to these new phenomena in art education, especially there are many urgent problems in these fields that deserve our study. We should pay attention to bringing these fields into the vision of art education.

As far as the so-called "blockbusters" that monopolize the cinema line are concerned, the interest, style and values permeated in these "blockbusters" have a great influence on the majority of young people, which has exceeded the influence of classroom teaching on young people to some extent. As a teacher, I hope that our own films, TV shows, music, art works, advertising culture, network culture, mobile phone culture, etc. will focus on showing the healthy things, positive things and beautiful things in China culture and China history to our younger generation, and spread the healthy style and interest.

In addition, the construction of the cultural environment of the campus and the whole society are also issues worthy of attention. Universities, middle schools and primary schools should create a strong cultural atmosphere and artistic atmosphere as much as possible, and universities should also create a strong academic atmosphere. (Ye Lang, director of Peking University Aesthetics and Aesthetic Education Research Center) How did art education become a "stepping stone"

A remote primary school was having an art class, and a plaster statue of Venus with a broken arm stood on the podium. The director of education who came to inspect the teaching work came into the classroom and asked a student, why doesn't this statue have arms? The student replied timidly: I didn't break it. The teacher quickly explained: when this statue was bought back, it was disabled and had no arms. The headmaster said shyly, the school is short of funds and bought inferior products. The director was very angry and said to the headmaster: No matter how poor you are, you must buy a good one with arms next time ... < P > Although this joke is a bit exaggerated, it reflects the common problems existing in art education at present from one side: school art education is marginalized, monotonous in form, lacking in content, lacking in teachers, and even music and art classes are not held in some schools, which seriously affects the all-round development of students. A professor in Peking University found that some primary school students can't even sing the national anthem, and the music class almost exists in name only. To this end, educators call for: don't let art education become the patent of urban children.

Is art education optimistic in cities? This is by no means the case! The distorted and utilitarian art education, which has become a "stepping stone" for further studies, is also deeply worrying.

This summer, all kinds of off-campus art training classes in Tianjin are very popular. Do parents want their children to be influenced by art and beauty, or do they have the purpose of "letting their children learn their specialties and take the exam in the future"? According to a recent survey, 7% of parents in Tianjin are "utilitarian" about art education, and only 3% of them just want their children to be influenced by art, which affects the curriculum and teaching objectives of art training institutions to some extent.

actually, this phenomenon is very common in cities. In the annual art examination season, the art departments of major universities are crowded, and some universities charge more than 2 million yuan for examination registration only one day, which almost forms a huge industrial chain. What's going on behind the booming art exam? Zou Jianping, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Nanjing Art College, put it bluntly: Just because many students apply for art colleges now doesn't mean that they worship art and have artistic aesthetic needs. Some students who have no artistic feeling often take the "art test" as a "stepping stone" to enter the university.

The integration of aesthetic education into the national education policy, as a training goal alongside "morality, intelligence and physique", focuses on people's all-round development and a century-long plan. As an important way and means to achieve the goal of aesthetic education, the significance of art education is self-evident. However, under the current educational environment, due to all utilitarianism aimed at further education, art education has lost its tune and flavor, and lost its essential significance.

To reverse the tendency of marginalization and utilitarianism of art education, we should start with art education in schools. As far as the current school art education is concerned, there are not many class hours and little investment, so it is not difficult to carry out it. The key is to need an environment, public opinion and atmosphere that values, cares and cares for art education. If the leaders of government departments and various schools lack a basic understanding and correct understanding of art education and cannot fundamentally solve the crux of the marginalization and utilitarianism of art education, the joke of "buying Venus with arms" may really become a reality.