One of Cao Zhi's four friends: Han Danchun, a calligrapher, is versatile and famous for his laughter.

Characters experience Han Danchun was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei was a writer and calligrapher, and he was one of the following figures.

Han Danchun ran away from home in his youth, studied in Luoyang, studied under the great calligrapher Cao, and made great efforts to become a famous calligrapher. His calligraphy is exquisite and powerful, especially good at insect seal (insect-like seal). "A Brief History of Books" says, "Only by keeping an honest and clean life can you learn sensitively, and books are good at learning ancient seal characters."

In the first year of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (190- 193), Han Danchun fled from Chang 'an to Jingzhou, where he was a guest. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (AD 208), Cao Cao marched south to Jingzhou, and Liu Cong, the son of Liu Biao, surrendered to Zhou. Cao Cao knows calligraphy very well and has heard of Han Danchun's name. "It's very respectful to call and meet." After Battle of Red Cliffs, Han Danchun followed Cao Cao to Yecheng, and Cao Cao's two sons Cao Pi and Cao Zheng Zhi made friends with Han Danchun. Cao Pi asked his father to let Han Danchun be his own text attendant. Cao Zhi also begged Han Danchun urgently. At this time, Cao Cao favored Cao Zhi and ordered Han Danchun to see Cao Zhi. Cao Zhi was overjoyed and received Han Danchun warmly and grandly. In the twenty-five years of Jian 'an (220 years of public security), Cao Cao died of illness, Cao Pi obtained the right of inheritance, founded the Wei Dynasty on behalf of Han, and finally took Han Danchun to his side as a doctor. Han Danchun wrote "Fu of Dumping Pots" for reporting his knowledge, with more than 1,000 words. Cao Pi thought it was well written and gave a thousand silks as a reward. During the Zhengshi period (AD 240-248), Han Danchun carved the Confucian classic "Zhengshishi Sanshijing" in three fonts: Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan and Lishu, which stood in the west of the Han Monument in Luoyang Imperial College. Its calligraphy has taken on a new look and has become a treasure handed down from generation to generation. There are two volumes of Anthology and one volume of Yijing. Today, there are only the Fu of Wrestling the Pot and the Monument to Filial Piety.

. In addition to prose, Han Danchun also wrote three volumes of Laughing Forest. Laughing Forest is the earliest joke book in ancient China. The content is mostly short and pithy satirical jokes. For example, "Lu You enters the city gate with a long pole": "Lu You enters the city gate with a long pole. At first, you can't enter vertically or horizontally. There is nothing to do. An old Russian father said:' I am not a saint, but I have seen many things. "Why not use a saw!" So I cut it off. "The story describes the stupidity of porters and satirizes the old man who thinks he is old and experienced, but thinks he is smart. A few strokes made people laugh. Generally speaking, Laughing Forest is humorous, vivid, satirical and spicy, so it is widely circulated. The original book was lost in the Song Dynasty, and now there is a collection of Lu Xun's ancient novels.

Han Danchun occupies a very important position in the history of calligraphy in China. "A Brief History of Books" says: Chun Yu's seal script writer Cao slightly studied its mystery. Cai Yong is good at seal cutting, but not as good as Chun.

According to historical records, "The History of the Three Kingdoms" and "Wei Lue" said: "Chun belongs to Zhu, and the word Zi Shu. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and he is good at being pale, elegant, worm, seal and empty stone. Pingchu, from Sanfuke Jingzhou. Attached to Jingzhou, Taizu heard its name, called it and met it, and respected it. At that time, the five senses would be rich in Confucianism and famous, because Qi Chun wanted to be a civil servant. When you meet it, you are also looking for spring, and the Maoists are planting it. At first, she was so happy that she sat down without talking to her first. When the weather is hot, plants often take water from the bath, which is rich in powder. Then he patted his head naked, danced five vertebrae, danced pills, surrounded the fence and recited thousands of words of novels about Nuoyou. He said, "What's wrong with Handan? "So it's more about dressing up and appearance, which is different from the end of spring's theory of hybridity and the difference between goods and things. Then it discusses the difference between sages and martyrs of famous officials since Xihe Emperor, as well as the praise and criticism of ancient and modern articles and official affairs, and then discusses the trend of soldiers relying on armed forces. He was ordered to cook and kill, and the wine was handed up. The table was silent and no one talked. At dusk, I come home and sigh at what I know. This is called "the unity of man and nature". But at that time, the prince did not stand up. MAO Russia intends to plant, chun repeatedly called planting trees. So the five senses will be quite unhappy. At the beginning, he took Chun as a doctor to give lectures. Zuo Chun threw a jar and gave it 1000 words to play with. Emperor Wen thought it was a work and gave him a thousand silks.

"Han Danchun, Zhu, uncle, YingChuan people. Zhang Taiyan, a learned and talented man, lived in Jingzhou at first, and when he got peace in Jingzhou, he ran away from Cao Cao. Also good at Cang Ya insect seal, Xu Shi refers to the word. Cao Caosu heard his name, and he came as soon as he was called. Cao, commander of the five senses, extended his name to Yingru and wanted to recruit him as a civil servant. Cao Zhi also asked Chun when he was near Hou, so Cao Cao sent Chun to plant it. Chun therefore entered Ye and made friends with Zhi Dou. Respect each other and disagree with each other. Huang junior high school is a doctor and a teacher. As a pitcher, he gave thousands of words, and when he played it, Wendi thought it was a work and gave thousands of silks. There are two volumes, lost, and a poem.

There are poems in his works that remain in the world. He is not only quick in thinking, but also plain in writing. According to Jin's Four Books and Liang Yuanang's Book Review, he is also good at calligraphy and can do all kinds of things. He is also a poet, and Cao Zhi once recruited him. There are two volumes that have been lost, and there is a four-character poem that has been passed down to this day:

Poems for Xuan

I was ordered to come at any time. With a gentleman, there is no benefit.

See called this dynasty, driving interesting period. When the group broke up, the first life was in time.

Give me a good speech in my corner. I dare not answer, because I am a virtuous person.

I'm just thin and virtuous, both local and contemptuous. When I see Xianhui today, I will worship him.

Since I'm Peter Bell, I'll never be toothless. Today is also fate, without hesitation.

Love me deeply and admire a gentleman. Delays in walking on the street will prevent the body from leaving.

Without a good title, you are still afraid of me. God's command comes once in a thousand years.

Climbing the dragon and attaching the phoenix, we must do the beginning. The thread is gone, don't relax.

Self-improvement, who is safe. May the son of the doctor become a mountain.

When the day is over, Wanfor will come.

The jokes in the works appear with the improvement of human civilization. There are many humorous, ridiculous and funny things in China's ancient books, such as waiting for a rabbit, pulling out a seedling to show encouragement, carving a boat for a sword and so on. We always think it is a fable, but it can actually be classified as a joke. But they are scattered only sporadically in the vast forest of books, and the rest are probably spread by word of mouth, and no one has merged them.

About the time of Wei Chu in the late Han Dynasty, our country had the first set of jokes, namely Laughing Forest. Han Danchun, the author, has no special biography in the history books, but we can learn a lot about him from The History of the Later Han Dynasty, The History of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Wei Zhi, The Biography of Wang Shen and the later calligraphy materials.

Han Danchun was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan). Mr. Lu Xun said in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels": "A weak crown has different talents. In the first year of Yuanjia (15 1), the length of Shangyu was still on the tablet of Cao E, and Shang Chun's disciples wrote an inscription at the dinner, which made him famous. At the beginning of Huang Chu (about 22 1 year), he was a doctor of Wei and gave a gift. " We calculate that he was twenty years old in the first year of Yuanjia (A.D. 15 1), so he was born in the first year of Yangjia (A.D. 132). In the second year of Huang Chu (AD 22 1), Cao was ninety years old. Being 70 years old is rare. At that time, people who can live to be 90 years old should really be rare. This requires not only good health, but also a very good attitude. Then, when we know that he wrote three volumes of Laughing Forest, this problem is not difficult to understand.

There are records in Laughing Forest, Three Volumes, Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi and New Tang Shuyi Shi Wen. In the early Song Dynasty, some characters were included in the compilation of "Magnolia Taiping" and "A Record of Taiping Guang", which still existed at that time. Then I lost it. Mr. Lu Xun once compiled it into one volume and twenty-nine articles from various books, and included it in "Ancient Novel Hooking and Sinking". In the History of China's Novels, it is specifically mentioned: "There are more than 20 pieces left, which are obviously wrong, and the integration of Shi Shuo has been realized. Later, the power of harmonious characters has also been ridiculed." The appearance of this book has a great influence on the compilation of joke books in China. There are 29 existing jokes, all of which are quite classic, such as "plastic column drum" and "one leaf is blind". They are all from here, and we can often hear some jokes. Let me extract a part and share it with my friends:

If Lu ruo has a long pole entering the city gate, he can't enter it at first, nor can he enter it horizontally. There is nothing he can do. My old father came to Russia and said, "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things." Why don't you use a saw to go in! " So I cut it off.

The musical instruments that Qi people learned from Zhao people were first tuned and returned to China with plastic columns, and they did not sing for three years. Qi people blame it. It is foolish to ask Zhao's people what they mean.

The Chu people lived in poverty, and after reading Huainan, we can get that "the mantis waits for the cicada, but the self-barrier leaves should be invisible." So I picked up the leaves under the tree. Mantis holds leaves and waits for cicadas to pick them, and the leaves fall under the tree. There are fallen leaves under the tree, which can't be separated. Sweep it and take a few barrels back. I blocked myself with leaves one by one and asked his wife, "Have you seen me?" My wife always answered "yes" at first, but at the end of the day, she got bored and said "no". Alas, I was overjoyed. Ye entered the market and brought people from the opposite side, so the official bound Yixian. County words, from the beginning. The officer smiled and let it go.

In the Han Dynasty, some people had no support for the elderly, were rich, thrifty in nature, and hated clothes and vegetables. They invade the morning, invade the night to rest, run the industry, and are insatiable, but they dare not use it for themselves. Or people beg beggars from it, but they have to go in and get ten dollars and come out of the hall, and they have to slow down. As for the outside, they are only half. Close your eyes and give the beggar a reply: "I will support you with my family. Be careful not to let him say that I will come again!" " The old man starved to death, the farm house had no official, and the goods were filled in the hall.

Tao Qiu's home in the plain, taken from Motel's home in Bohai Sea, is very beautiful and makes her very respectful. I gave birth to a man and came back. My mother Ding, who is old, came to pick up her son-in-law. The son-in-law sent his wife when he came back. When the woman went to apologize, the husband said, "I'm sorry to see your wife, but her virtue has declined in the past." I am also afraid that the bride will be like this when she is old, for no other reason. "

There are brave men in the plain, saying, "You are not good, and a hundred people will listen to you." Some people bend eight feet and straight six feet, which is thick goods for treatment. Say, "You can lie down." Want to step on the back. The monk said, "You will kill me!" He said, "If fun makes you straight, how do you know about death?"

A and B fight, A bites B's nose, and the official will break it. A said B bit himself. The official said, "Madam, with a high nose and a low mouth, how can you bite people casually?" A said, "He bites when he steps on the bed."

The owner lost his wife and mother, went to sacrifice and asked the librarian to write an article, which was the mistake of copying his wife and father according to the ancient version. It is strange for the librarian to know the master. The librarian said, "It was published in ancient books. How can it be wrong? " ? I'm afraid there is something wrong with his family! "

Calligraphy can do all aspects, especially calligraphy (zhòu). Wei Heng's preface to the ancient prose of "Four-style Calligraphy" said: "Since the Qin dynasty used seal script, the ancient prose was absolutely lost when it was first burned. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Duke of Lu destroyed Confucius' residence and got The Book of History, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. At that time, people didn't know there was ancient prose, so they called it a science and technology book, hoping to see it. Wei Chu's ancient prose was born in embarrassment. Wei Heng's Four-style Calligraphy contains his seal script teacher Cao, and his regular script takes Wang Cizhong, who is better at small letters. He also believes that Cai Yong is good at calligraphy and seal, "choosing the right method, the ancient and modern complex, and the leisure is not as good as the spring." Yuan Ang's book review called his book: "You should be disciplined. Fiona Fang is successful." "Wei Lue" called it "good at being pale, elegant, worm, seal and pretentious". Unfortunately, its ink is long gone.

He is well-read and good at exegesis. Laughing Forest is China's earliest collection of jokes, and he was called "the father of laughing forest" by later Buddha. This book is good at mocking stupid jokes, some of which have strong social significance. The original three volumes were increased to 10 by the Song people, and now there are only 29 volumes left.

Later generations commented on Yuan Ang's Book Review of Ancient and Modern Times, saying that his book: "Fiona Fang should be punished."

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Wei Heng recorded his seal script teacher Facao Xi, and Wang Cizhong, who was good at fine print, took regular script. He also believes that Cai Yong is good at calligraphy and seal, "choosing the right method, the ancient and modern complex, and the leisure is not as good as the spring." Han Danchun, who is good at seal script, is famous. Wei Heng's preface to the ancient prose of "Four-style Calligraphy" said: "Since the Qin dynasty used seal script, the ancient prose was absolutely lost when it was first burned. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Duke of Lu destroyed Confucius' residence and got The Book of History, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. At that time, people didn't know there was ancient prose, so they called it a science and technology book, hoping to see it. Wei Chuchuan's ancient prose, son of Han Danchun.