Types of misuse of common idioms. ppt

The first is to look at the significance of literature creation.

The meaning of idioms is conventional, and most of them have certain allusions. In addition, morphemes in some idioms also contain ancient meanings, which makes it difficult to understand the meaning of idioms. If we don't carefully analyze the meaning of idioms, we will easily misuse them. For example:

(1) It is wrong for all departments to have the overall situation concept, regardless of the overall interests and the whole cow.

"Stubborn cow" originally means that when dissecting the limbs of a cow, what you see is the gap between its connected parts, and you no longer pay attention to the shape of the cow. Later, it was used to describe that the skill was extremely skillful and reached the point of being handy. But for example, (1) is misunderstood as not seeing the whole cow, which leads to the wrong use.

Under the strict requirements of the Chinese teacher, I gradually corrected my missing words.

The idiom "point" means "alter", which means that the article is written in one go, without revision, and describes the agility of writing and the skillful writing skills. However, when the word "no extra points" is used in sentence (2), the word "fen" is interpreted as punctuation, which leads to misuse.

Similar idioms misused by misunderstanding include:

(1) tomorrow yellow flower; (2) take chestnuts from the fire; (3) An empty lane; (4) Non-publication; 5] Not too much; [6] Looking at the ocean and sighing; Not enough training once; Done by people; (9) Celebrate each other; ⑽ long vacation does not return; (1 1) Sima Qing; (12) forget your ancestors; (13) going out; (14) high mountains and flowing water; (15) endless; (16) disappears, etc.

Explanation: 1 Bright moon and yellow flowers: a metaphor for outdated things or news.

2. Take a chestnut from the fire: a metaphor for being used by others to do risky things, paying a price but not getting benefits.

3. Empty streets: describe grand occasions such as celebration and welcome.

4. Non-publication theory: refers to correct and unchangeable remarks.

5. Don't go too far: it means that enough is enough to blame or punish people.

6. Looking at the ocean and sighing: a metaphor for feeling helpless because of incompetence or lack of conditions.

7. Insufficient training: it is not worth being used as a model for regulation or imitation.

8. People make things happen: relying on others to accomplish things.

9. Celebrate each other by playing the crown: It means that in the officialdom of the old society, when a person is an official or promoted, conspirators will celebrate each other and there will be officials to do it.

10. Long-term vacation: long-term borrowing, not returning.

1 1. Sima Qing: a metaphor for sympathy expressed because of similar experiences.

12. Forgetting one's ancestors after counting: a metaphor for ignorance of one's own history.

13. The metaphor of acting with great fanfare.

14. High mountains and flowing water: a metaphor for a bosom friend or confidant.

15. Endless: describe the situation as critical.

16. Missing: a metaphor for something suddenly lost. It is also a metaphor that news travels fast.

Misuse of the second class object

Some idioms have specific users, and if they are uncertain, they are easy to expand the scope of use or be misused for other purposes.

Example (3)20 1 The six boys in the dormitory are all eighteen or nineteen years old and in their prime. "cardamom" comes from Du Mu's poem "Farewell": "More than thirteen years old, cardamom died in early February". Later, it specifically refers to girls who are thirteen or fourteen years old. It is really a joke to use it on the little boys here.

Similar misuses include:

"Beautiful" is used to describe tall and gorgeous houses, not works of art. ..

⑵ "Respect each other as guests, the harp is good, the second time" can only be used between husband and wife, not between friends, classmates and colleagues.

(3) "childhood friends" can only be used between young men and women.

(4) "Unity" can only be used between people, not between things.

5) "Turn a deaf ear" cannot be used in vision.

[6] "The road is blue" is only used to describe the hardships of starting a business, not the hardships of life.

(7) Too many books can't describe many other things.

Being "face-to-face life" is used for elders, but not for younger generations, peers and friends.

Levies "Pei Gong" is used for superiors to subordinates.

⑽ "continuous flow" is used for people, horses, cars and boats.

(1 1) "Freedom" is used to write and draw, not to behave.

(12) "Being suddenly enlightened" cannot be used to describe a person's character.

(13) "indelible" is collocated with traces, impressions, achievements and career principles. But it is wrong to match with emotion and friendship.

(14) "Old Pearl Yellow" is only used by women.

(15) "wonderful workmanship" can only describe affectation, not nature.

(16) "Step by step" is only used for study and work.

(17) "Walking on thin ice" is used in people's mood, not the environment.

The third kind of praise and criticism is opposite.

Idioms can be divided into commendatory, neutral and derogatory meanings according to their emotional colors, so we should distinguish between commendatory and derogatory meanings in the use process, otherwise it will easily lead to mistakes in the use of commendatory or derogatory words.

For example, (4) In order to meet the superior inspection of poverty alleviation, Jindong Temple Village of Hubei Province gathered the flocks of several villages together and used their economies of scale to defraud poverty alleviation funds. The bad means are amazing.

This idiom describes what you see as wonderful to the extreme and is a compliment. When it is used to deceive and deceive superiors, it makes the mistake of "mixed praise and criticism".

In order to save the factory on the verge of bankruptcy, the leaders of the new factory actively conducted market research and paid close attention to product quality and development, which was really thoughtful.

This is a derogatory term, which is used as a compliment in Example (5), so it is wrong.

Misuses like (4) and (5) are common.

â–³ In idioms, such as "energetic and loyal", you can know at a glance that color is a kind of praise, but there are still many praise idioms, and color is easy to be mistaken. For example, "heartless, black sheep" is derogatory at first glance, but quite a few of them are not easy to see.

Misuse of derogatory terms:

(1) wait and see; (2)SJ； (3) worthy of the name; (4) rare; 5] Grand view; [6] refreshing; Once the heart; Different from heaven and earth; (9) Don't make mistakes; ⑽ Protrusion; (1 1) What you said was unintentional; (12) bleak management; (13) plenty of time; (14) There are too many greedy things; (15) Fox Death Hill; ( 16)

1 with explanation. Wait and see: there is an urgent need to describe expectations.

2. Good at calculation: accurate description, good at sizing up the situation and deciding strategies.

3. Be worthy of the name: the explanation is really good, not empty.

4. Rare: a metaphor for people or things that are precious and rare.

5. Magnificent scenery: describe the richness of beautiful things.

6. Refreshing: Describe the beautiful and moving poems and articles, giving people a feeling of leisure and hearty.

7. There is another world: it is fascinating to describe the realm of scenery or artistic creation.

8. Don't worry: Metaphor writing does not follow the predecessors, and finds another way.

9. What you said was unintentional: it means that you didn't mean it.

10. desperate management: refers to painstaking management.

1 1. Time is still long: the days ahead are still long. Show that there is something to do and advise people not to do it in a hurry.

Misuse of derogatory and commendatory terms;

(1) has caused a lot of trouble in the city; (2) various; (3) coincidence; (4) doing everything; 5] In the long run; [6] swarming; Half a catty at a time; Equality; Pet-name ruby struggling; ⑽ Too big to be suitable; (1 1) talk big; (12) blatant; (13) to preserve our sanity; (14) get carried away; (15) talks a lot; (16) Initiator; (17) Very ambitious; (18) Handan toddler; (19) commented on the first product; (20) such as bereavement; (2 1) Birds of a feather flock together; (22) aggressive; (23) wait for it; (24) ulterior motives; (25) a gentleman on the beam; (26) hypocrisy; (27) Dress appropriately; (28) Rhetoric; (29) people are people; (30) Be a good teacher; (3 1) swagger; (32) arrogance; (33) do whatever you want; (34) death; (35) alas; (36) hype; (37) a flow of words; (38) Harmony; (39) transformation; (40) Deliberate; (4 1) Celebrate each other with a crown

1 with explanation. The storm in the city: the metaphor of an event is widely spread, and there are many discussions everywhere.

2. Various: There are many descriptions and all kinds.

3. Coincidentally, there is more than one, and there are even pairs.

4. Do everything: This means doing all the bad things.

5. In the long run: In the long run.

6. scrambling: a metaphor for many people scrambling to chase bad things.

7. Half a catty: Metaphors are the same as each other.

8. Equal treatment: treat things equally regardless of differences.

9. Rack your brains: Rack your brains and do your best.

10. talk big: you are not ashamed to talk big and brag.

1 1. blatant: describes doing bad things openly and brazenly.

12. To preserve our sanity: it refers to the attitude of avoiding the principle struggle for fear of getting into trouble.

13. get carried away: it means forgetting one's proper behavior because of excessive excitement or complacency.

14. Talk: Talk aimlessly.

15. Initiator: metaphor is the first person who does bad things or the initiator of bad atmosphere.

16. Too high a goal: refers to the unrealistic pursuit of too high a goal in study or work.

17. Handan toddler: metaphor imitators don't go home, but just forget what they once knew.

18. bereavement: as sad and anxious as the death of parents.

19. Birds of a feather are birds of a feather: metaphors are ugly and there is no difference.

20. Aggressive: describe aggressive, domineering and embarrassing.

2 1. eyeing: describes staring at it maliciously and waiting for an opportunity to start.

22. ulterior motives: refers to the attempts of unreliable people in words or actions.

23. Well-dressed: The clothes and hats are neatly dressed and beautiful, but the appearance and heart are different.

24. Rhetoric: Describe rhetoric and hypocrisy.

25. Be a good teacher: It shows that you are not modest and like to pretend to be an educator.

26. People are people: it means that children are adults (intimate language), or that people's attitudes and behaviors are not commensurate with their status (irony).

27. Show off: Show a smug or arrogant attitude.

28. cocky: describe a person who is complacent and complacent.

29. follow your heart: follow your heart.

30. Alas, it means to die or die.

3 1. Chongtian: It describes colorful and extremely beautiful, and refers to exaggeration rather than truth.

32. Clever tongue: describe rhetoric and eloquence.

33. Harmony: It means that we only talk about harmony, not principles.

34. Make a makeover: On the surface, it looks the same as before.

C. Misuse of goods:

1. Cardamom: refers to a girl of thirteen or fourteen.

2. Beautiful: describe the tall and numerous houses.

Respect each other as guests: it means that husband and wife respect each other, just like guests.

4. Metaphor is reunion after separation or divorce.

5. The harp is good: it is a metaphor that the relationship between husband and wife is very good.

6. Childhood friends: refers to the intimate relationship between men and women when they are young.

7. Unity: Describe close relationships and interests.

8. turn a deaf ear: just ignore it and put it aside as if you didn't hear it.

9. blue road: describe the hardships of starting a business.

10. Sweaty: describes a large collection of books.

1 1. Face-to-face teaching: describes the enthusiasm of the elders to teach the younger generation.

12. Repeated orders and five applications: repeated education does not change, mostly referring to superiors to subordinates and leaders to the masses.

13. An endless stream: describes pedestrians, cars and horses coming and going, one after another.

14. easy to write: describe chic and calm. It also describes writing or writing articles and painting freely.

15. suddenly enlightened: the description changed from narrow and dim to open and bright.

16. indelible: refers to deeds and remarks that remain in people's memory forever.

17. Old pearls are yellow: it means that women are despised because they are old, just as pearls turn yellow with age and are not as valuable as new pearls.

18. wonderful workmanship: the description skills are extremely ingenious.

19. Step by step: refers to the gradual deepening or improvement of study and work according to certain steps.

20. Treading on thin ice: refers to the extremely cautious mood, use it more.

The above is the misuse of color, and we should pay attention to three points on this issue. First, a large number of neutral words, such as "thousand" and "adding wings to a tiger", can be used in both positive and negative contexts. Second, you can use satire, praise, praise, or praise, which is deliberately used for satire, self-mockery and joking. Third, we should know some synonymous idioms with opposite feelings. The idioms listed in pairs below have the same basic meaning but opposite emotional colors. In each pair of words, the former word is a positive word and the latter word is a negative word:

(1) Like-minded-like-minded; (2) Play it by ear-have it both ways.

(3) Kan Kan dialect-big talk; (4) My own opinion-my own opinion.

5. meticulous-meticulous -6. Make persistent efforts-intensify efforts.

(7) Deliberate-deliberate; (8) Rack your brains-do your best.

⑼ The founder of Mountain ⑽ swaggered.

(1 1) Take your time-pretend to be calm.

Note: 1. Love and harmony: describe the harmony of both sides' thoughts and feelings.

Like-minded: Metaphorically, people get along well because they have the same bad thoughts and habits.

2. Make the best use of the situation: act flexibly according to the specific situation.

Have it both ways: Metaphorically, look at the momentum or other people's eyes.

3. Talk to Kan Kan: Speak confidently and calmly.

Talk big: it is unrealistic to describe things in a grandiose way.

4. A view: Modesty refers to a superficial view of a problem.

Single view: a metaphor for a narrow and one-sided view.

5. Everywhere: refers to no place that can't be reached. It also means that everything you can do has been done.

Meticulous: describes caring and caring very carefully.

6. Make persistent efforts: it is a metaphor for continuing to work hard and making more efforts.

The situation has become worse than before, referring to shortcomings and mistakes.

7. Deliberate: Think deeply and repeatedly.

Deliberate: refers to long-term planning to do something.

8. Rack your brains: Think hard, think hard.

Do your best: do your best.

9. Founder: refers to the founder of a business.

Initiator: a metaphor for the first person who does bad things or the initiator of bad atmosphere.

10. To be on one's high horse: to describe high spirits and high spirits.

To be on one's high horse: to describe complacency and get carried away.

The fourth context is incompatible.

Idioms are also words, which should conform to a certain language environment. If the context is not suitable, they will naturally be misused. The meaning of idioms must be consistent with the meaning of sentences, otherwise it is wrong.

Example (6) That is a photo of two people, with a handsome PLA soldier on the left and a weak student on the right.

"Many students" means many students. Although there are "students" in the example, they do not have "numerous" conditions and are taken out of context.

Words like this question are:

â‘  "Turn the tide": a metaphor for trying to save a sinister situation. If there is no sinister situation in the context, it cannot be used.

⑵ "Caring for each other": a metaphor for being in the same predicament and helping each other.

(3) "Live up to its reputation": "fame" is a "reputation" and a good reputation, but there is no general reputation.

(4) "Listen and listen": The subject of this word can only be the infected person, not the infected person.

⑸ "Intimacy": You can only be the complement of "de".

Exodus (7) I am not familiar with the situation there, but you insist on seeing me off. Isn't this satisfactory?

"Not satisfied" is generally satisfaction, which is used to force others to do difficult things. This context is obviously misused and can be changed to "force others to do it". The following paired idioms are easily misused in the same context. Please note:

(1) Looking back-far behind (2) Being there-putting yourself in the shoes.

(3) What you have seen and heard (4) Putting the cart before the horse.

5] incomparable-not in the same breath [6] inseparable-inseparable.

(7) make a comeback-make a comeback; (8) Love at first sight.

Levies eclectic-unrestrained; ⑽ I'm too happy to think about Shu-I'm too happy.

(1 1) Disappointed-indifferent (12) Disappointed-live up to expectations.

(13) First priority-urgent task (14)-intimate relationship.

(15) impressive-vivid (16) first-second to none.

Turn a deaf ear to (17)-turn a deaf ear to (18)-unbelievable.

Note: 1. Immersion: refers to being in a certain environment or atmosphere.

Put yourself in others' shoes.

2. Look at the back: You can see other people's necks and backs, which means you can catch up with or match (often used in negative sentences).

Far behind: metaphor is far behind.

3. Seeing and hearing: I have seen and heard a lot, and I have been influenced invisibly.

See and listen: listen with your own eyes, see with your own eyes.

4. Give up the foundation: describe the inversion of light and heavy.

Putting the cart before the horse: metaphor reverses the primary and secondary relations, essential relations and non-essential relations.

5. unparalleled: unparalleled. (commendatory)

Not in the same breath: description can't be compared, can't be compared.

6. inseparable: describe loneliness.

As inseparable as paint: describe the close relationship between them.

7. Love at first sight: We hit it off like old friends.

Love at first sight: love came into being as soon as we met.

8. Not limited to one specification or method.

Freedom: free from any constraints, describing freedom.

9. I don't think about it: generally speaking, I am happy and forget to return.

Overjoyed: describe happiness to the extreme.

10. Disapprove: Disapprove if you think it is wrong.

Able to shrug off: if you don't take it to heart, it means that you don't take it seriously.

1 1. Disappointed: unable to convince the masses.

Live up to expectations: live up to the hopes of the masses.

12. Time is not allowed: metaphor is very close to disaster. The situation is extremely critical.

Intimacy: describes being very intimate without any barriers.

Fifth kind of ideographic repetition

Idioms are generally refined and used properly, which can achieve concise results. However, if we don't pay attention to the semantic contrast between idioms and sentences, it will easily lead to the repetition of implied meanings of idioms and sentence semantics.

Example (8) It is puzzling that the current store names and firms are pursuing fashion and grandstanding when absorbing foreign words. These incomprehensible names only make people laugh.

This word is a joke played by insiders, which already contains the meaning of "letting people" and is repeated with the word "letting people" in the sentence.

Misuse of such words is common, such as:

(1) industrious people are in dire straits; (2) The victim is full of sadness.

(3) A person's life is ruined. (4) Working all night.

There are fruit trees everywhere in the hills and fields.

[6] Speak loudly and sound like Hong Zhong. [7] making progress every day.

There is an unspoken subtext that there are many students.

⑽ My humble abode is really lively and vigorous seafood (1 1).

(12) The urgent task at present (13) is to short yourself.

The sixth kind of misuse of literal meaning

Example (9) Visiting Huangshan Mountain is full of mountains and green hills, and it is a dilemma. Songtao flies in the air and the spring washes the stones, making people know the characteristics of Huangshan Mountain, which is both dangerous and beautiful.

The practical significance of this idiom is that both are in a dilemma. It is obviously wrong to misuse literal meaning in examples. For the following idioms, we should pay attention to prevent the misuse of literal meaning:

(1) If you sit in the spring breeze, (2) If the spring breeze melts into rain, (3) You can't let it happen. (4) If you have a bad wall, (5) It is hot. (6) A suit with water.

At the beginning of getting off the bus, cut to the chase, clear water without fish, and blind people touching elephants (1 1) are unique in the world (12).

Explanation: 1 Dilemma: Describe the dilemma.

2. For example, sitting in the spring breeze: a metaphor to gain a lesson or influence.

3. Spring breeze melts rain: a metaphor for a good education

4. Intermittent: describe the situation as extremely critical.

5. The disaster comes from the wall: it refers to the disaster from the inside.

6. heat: describe power and arrogance, which makes people afraid to approach.

7. A strip of water: Although there are rivers, lakes and seas apart, the distance is not far enough to be an obstacle to communication.

8. At the beginning of getting off the bus: Metaphorically, I just arrived at a place with work tasks.

9. Cut to the chase: Metaphorically speaking or writing an article directly talks about this topic without beating around the bush.

10. Clear water without fish: it is a metaphor that people care too much about their own shortcomings and cannot unite.

1 1. Blind people touch the elephant: it is a metaphor for blind action, and the consequences are very dangerous.

12. Unique: There is no second one in the world.

The Seventh Dislocation of Modesty and Respect

Some idioms are modest words, which can only be said to yourself, while others are respectful words, which can only be said to people. If there is no correct distinction, you will make the mistake of dislocation of modesty and respect.

Example (10) Zhang's words played a role in attracting jade, which led to many good suggestions for improving product quality.

"Throw a brick to attract jade" refers to using shallow and immature opinions or articles to attract others' sophisticated opinions or works, which is often used as a modest word and can only be directed at oneself.

Similar words are:

â‘´ Open-minded: It describes being very modest, showing respect to others, only to others, not to yourself.

⑵ A dog's tail is followed by a mink: it means that something that is not easy to take is followed by something that is good, and it is usually only used in one's own works to show modesty.

⑶ Rong: used to thank others for coming to their home, or to thank others for sending their own calligraphy and painting to their home.

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5. yearning: used to express admiration for someone or something.

[6] A person's opinion: a modest word means "I have a little shallow opinion".