The meaning of jingzhou words

if there is no jingzhou ci, it's Liangzhou ci, right?

Tang Wang Zhihuan (688-742)

The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and it is a lonely city, Wan Ren Mountain.

why should Qiangdi blame the willow? The spring breeze doesn't pass Yumenguan.

Also known as

Translation

Looking from afar, the Yellow River seems to float into the sky like a ribbon.

At the foot of a high mountain, a lonely city is located there.

Why use the Qiang flute to play "Broken Willow", a sad song of homesickness?

Even the spring breeze can't blow outside Yumen Pass.

Note

1. Liangzhou Ci: also known as Liangzhou Song. Lyrics for a popular tune (Liangzhou Ci) at that time. Liangzhou Ci is a common title of Yuefu in Tang Dynasty, and it is often written about the life of the frontier fortress army.

2. There are two original titles. First, Guo Maoqian's Poems of Yuefu (Volume 79) and Modern Quci contain Liangzhou Song, and quote the cloud of Yueyuan: "Liangzhou, Gongdiao Song, and Guo Zhiyun, the governor of cool houses in China and the West in Kaiyuan". Liangzhou is located in Guzang County (now Wuwei County, Gansu Province) where Liangzhou Governance is located in Longyou Road, Tang Dynasty.

3. Write "far" as "straight".

4. Far up the Yellow River: Looking at the source of the Yellow River from afar.

5. Isolated city: refers to a lonely castle guarding the border.

6. Qi: an ancient unit of length. One Qi is equivalent to seven or eight feet.

7. Qiangdi: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-blowing wind music.

8. Yangliu: The song "Folding Yangliu". In ancient poetry, the willow tree is often used as a metaphor for farewell. "Poetry Xiaoya Caiwei": "In the past, I was gone, and the willows were reluctant." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Cross Blowing the Drum Horn", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fight against Yang Liuzhi. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "

9. Degree: crossing. The last two sentences are: Why does Qiangdi play such a sad tune as "Folding the Willow" and complain that the willow does not grow and the spring comes late? You know, the spring breeze can't blow outside Yumenguan!

1. Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it was named after the jade imported from the Western Regions. Therefore, it is located in Xiaofangcheng, northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.

specific note: this poem describes the magnificent and desolate and lonely scene of Liangzhou in the frontier fortress. The Yellow River, which flows far away, seems to be connected with white clouds, and Yumenguan stands alone in the mountains, looking lonely and cold. Why use the Qiang flute to blow the sad willow song to complain about the delay in spring? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't be blown!

[ Edit this paragraph] A brief analysis

"Liangzhou Ci" is a lyric of Liangzhou Song, not a poem title, but a popular tune name in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, our envoy to Longyou, collected a batch of music scores of the Western Regions and presented them to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong handed it over to Jiaofang to be translated into China's music score, and sang it with new lyrics, taking the place names generated by these music scores as the tune names. Later, many poets liked this tune and filled in new words for it, so many poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote Liangzhou Ci.

Wang Zhihuan wrote this poem about the homesickness of the soldiers on the frontier. It is desolate and generous, sad without losing its strength. Although it strongly exaggerates the resentment that the garrison soldiers are not allowed to return home, it has no sense of depression, which fully shows the broad mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

The first sentence, "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", captures the feature of overlooking and depicts a moving picture: on the vast plateau, the Yellow River rushes to the west, as if it were flowing out of the white clouds. The second sentence, "A lonely city, Wan Ren Mountain", is about a lonely city in the fortress. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, an isolated city located in the frontier fortress stands tall. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the mountains and rivers of the motherland, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of foot soldiers guarding the border, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to describe the psychology of the garrison.

In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of the Qiang flute, and the tune I played happened to be "Broken Willow", which can't help but evoke the sadness of the garrison. The ancients had the custom of giving gifts at parting. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and giving Liu as a souvenir. In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Cross Blowing the Drum Horn", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fight against Yang Liuzhi. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " In the song, it is mentioned that pedestrians fold willows when they leave. This kind of wind of breaking willows to bid farewell was extremely popular in the Tang Dynasty. Thus, willows and parting have a close relationship. Now, when the foot soldiers guarding the border hear the sad tune of "Folding Willow" played by the Qiang flute, it is inevitable that they will touch the sadness and don't hate. Therefore, the poet explained in an open-minded tone: Why does Qiangdi always play the sad tune of "Broken Willow"? You know, outside Yumenguan is a place where the spring breeze can't blow, and there are no willows to fold! To say "why complain" is not that there is no complaint, nor is it to persuade the guards not to complain, but that it is useless to complain. The use of the word "why complain" makes poetry more economical and meaningful.

Three or four sentences, which Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty thought contained irony: "This poem is not as kind as frontier fortress, and the so-called monarch is far more than Wan Li." China's ancient poetry has always had a tradition of "happiness", not to mention "poetry fails to express itself". We think readers can't help but understand this, but we can't be sure that the author really has this intention. Since the spring breeze can't blow outside the Yumen Pass, the willow outside the Pass naturally won't spit leaves. What's the use of "complaining" about it?

[ Edit this paragraph] Appreciation

Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) is located in Hexi Corridor. This poem describes the vast and desolate scene in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. This poem has an open realm, a heavy atmosphere and a tragic and desolate mood. The phrase "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds" refers to looking at the Yellow River from a distance, and its source seems to come from the white clouds. "Qiangdi" is a musical instrument in the western regions, and "Complaining about Willow" refers to the plaintive song "Broken Willow" played by Qiangdi.

the first sentence is a strange idea, which is looking upstream. This is contrary to the visual direction of "how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven, entering the ocean, never to return" in Li Bai's "Coming into Wine", and the emphasis is also different. Li Shi emphasized momentum, while Wang Shi emphasized the lofty origin. In such a vast background, an isolated city stands alone in the mountains of Wan Ren, while the Yellow River is like a silk belt, tying the blue sky and white clouds, isolated city and mountains together. This is a freehand painting of frontier fortress. The poet described a city as a city, and highlighted the sense of loneliness with a view to Wan Ren: a lonely city is like a boat drifting in the Han Sea, like a white cloud drowning between heaven and earth, just like the lonely and helpless feelings of the defenders. From this, a theme of "resentment" was introduced: this remote and desolate frontier fortress, where the spring breeze refuses to patronize, but people have to leave their homes to endure the years here. Such a long and helpless complaint is said in such a relieved tone as "why complain", which is tortuous and easy to express. If you think about it carefully, the song "Folding the Willow" really doesn't help to dispel the bitterness. So who's to blame? The poet didn't say anything, but another poem on the same topic slightly complained: "The son of heaven in the Han family is now in SHEN WOO, and he won't go home with his relatives." But the son of heaven is not good at complaining, so he had to complain about the "spring breeze" gently. Wu Yi commented on "The True Voice of Tang Poetry": "It's subtle to be full of grievances." Annotations on Samadhi Collection of Tang Xian: "This state of Liangzhou is sinister. There is a "Folding Willow Song" in the flute, but spring is not here, so why should we complain about the willow? It is clear that the border is bitter and cold, and the yang is not harmonious. The wording is full of people's thoughts. "

according to the records in Ji yi Ji written by Xue yongwei, a Tang dynasty, during the kaiyuan period, Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to a hotel to have a drink, and when the actors in Liyuan sang songs and feasted, the three of them privately agreed to decide the title of the poem according to the situation that the actors sang their poems. As a result, all the poems of the three were sung, and the most beautiful woman among the Zhuling sang "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan is very proud, and this is the famous story of "painting a wall with a flag pavilion". It may not be true. However, it shows that Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci" has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.

The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) and from near to far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging and surging Yellow River flies up to the clouds like a ribbon. The writing is really a leap of thought and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "and oceans drain the golden river", has the opposite observation angle, and is watched from top to bottom; Li Bai's "how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven" is different from this sentence, although it also writes about watching the upstream, but the line of sight moves from far to near. "and oceans drain the golden river" and "how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven" are both deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. And "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction is opposite to the flow direction of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisurely manner and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.

The second sentence "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its great background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its close background. Against the backdrop of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is beneficial to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Piece" is a idiom in Tang poetry, which is often linked with "loneliness" (such as "a piece of lonely sail" and "a piece of lonely cloud", etc.). Here it is equivalent to "a seat", but the word has an extra meaning of "thinness". Such a lonely city in Mobei is of course not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, and at the same time implies that there are husbands in readers' poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The setting sun of Kuifu Gucheng is oblique, and every time you follow the Beidou Wangjing Hua" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han Dynasty from afar makes Xiao Guan outside, worrying about seeing the sunset edge of Gucheng" (Wang Wei's Seeing Wei off to evaluate things) and so on. The image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced first, which makes preparations for the next two sentences to further describe the psychology of recruiting husbands.

Poetry begins with describing the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and inherits the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but evoke the sadness of the recruiter. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Quci". Fold the willow songs ""Don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, but fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench, worrying about killing travelers "is poetic." The custom of folding willows to bid farewell was the most prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will not only feel sad when they see the willow, but also feel sad when they hear the flute music of "Folding the Willow". The "Qiangdi" sentence does not say "smell the willow" but "blame the willow", which is especially wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the tune, turns the board into life, and can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, the willows are not green, and people can't leave a willow to send their feelings, which is even more embarrassing than breaking the willow to bid farewell. When people listen to music with this kind of mood, it seems that the flute is also "complaining about the willow", and the resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such a rich poetic sentiment in question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" will come naturally. Entering poetry with the word "Yumenguan" is also related to soliciting people to leave their thoughts. The Book of Later Han Dynasty. Ban Chao biography says: "I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but I hope to be born in Yumenguan." Therefore, the last sentence is being written in a bitter cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers in Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely written about the resentment that those who are guarding the frontier cannot return to their hometown, it is tragic and desolate, without the emotional appeal of decline and depression, showing the broad mind of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness, sad and generous. The word "why complain" not only shows the euphemistic implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that border guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when homesickness was difficult to ban, so that they could be so self-forgiving. Perhaps it is precisely because of the sad mood of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".

[ Edit this paragraph] Anecdote 1

It is said that Jie Jin in the Ming Dynasty was quick-witted and got rid of a dilemma.

chinese odyssey is a talented person in Jie Jin, but he is self-possessed, and he often speaks wildly and offends Emperor Yongle. Once Emperor Yongle asked him to write an inscription on the folding fan, so he wrote this poem "Liangzhou Ci" by Wang Zhihuan. However, the gifted scholar accidentally left out the "space" in the first sentence.

Emperor Yongle found out and didn't say anything, just told him to read what he had written. Jie Jin took a look at it and understood it, but he was very clever. He unhurriedly read a long short sentence: "The Yellow River is far up/there are white clouds/the lonely city of Wan Ren Mountain/why bother to complain about Qiangdi/the spring breeze of willows/the Yumenguan Pass." Enough to reflect Jie Jin's intelligence.

(It is also said that he wrote an inscription for Empress Dowager Cixi)

[ Edit this paragraph] Anecdote 2

It is said that Ji Xiaolan in Qing Dynasty was quick-witted and got rid of a dilemma.

Ji Xiaolan was a great success during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, with great knowledge. Quick-witted. Emperor Qianlong likes him. Once asked to write an inscription on a folding fan, he wrote this poem "Liangzhou Ci" by Wang Zhihuan. However, the gifted scholar accidentally left out the "space" in the first sentence.

when emperor Qianlong found out, he didn't say anything, just told him to read what he had written. Ji Xiaolan took a look at it and understood it, but he was very clever. He unhurriedly read a long short sentence: "The Yellow River is far up/there are white clouds/the lonely city of Wan Ren Mountain/Qiangdi why complain/the willow spring breeze/don't cross Yumenguan." Enough to reflect Ji Xiaolan's intelligence.

Comments:

William Wang's Liangzhou Ci is as famous as Wang Zhihuan's. Behind the broad-mindedness, boldness and banter, his works reveal a kind of war-weariness of soldiers.

[ Edit this paragraph] Liangzhou Ci (William Wang)

Tang William Wang

Grape wine luminous cup, if you want to drink pipa, you should be urged immediately.

You don't laugh when you're drunk on the battlefield. How many times have you fought in ancient times?

[ Edit this paragraph] Note

1. Liangzhou Ci: The name of Yuefu in Tang Dynasty is the lyric of the frontier life in Liangzhou. William Wang wrote two poems, Liangzhou Ci, which are generous and tragic and widely circulated. This poem "Liangzhou Ci" was promoted by Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty as a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty.

2. luminous cup: a finely carved jade cup.

3. Battlefield: a flat and empty sandy land, which used to refer to the battlefield in ancient times.

4. Jun: You

5. Pipa: This refers to the

translation

used to sound the horn in battle. Grapes and wine were filled with luxurious glasses, and when I was about to drink, the pipa sounded immediately, as if urging me to go forward to fight. I was drunk on the battlefield. Please don't laugh at me. How many people who went to the battlefield from ancient times to modern times can come back safely?

[ Edit this paragraph] Appreciation

Poetry is a famous song that sings about the cold scene on the border. The whole poem is about a feast in the hard and desolate frontier fortress, depicting the scene of soliciting people to drink and get drunk. The first sentence is gorgeous and beautiful, and the tone is clear and pleasant, showing the luxurious style of the feast; In one sentence, the word "want to drink" is used to write a warm scene, and the banquet is accompanied by music to deliberately render the atmosphere. Three or four sentences are extremely written to urge people to consider each other and persuade them to drink, enjoy themselves to the fullest, forget their worries, and be bold and broad-minded In these two sentences, Heng Tang retired and commented, "Being broad-minded makes me feel sad." Commentators have always thought that they are sad and sentimental, and they hate to fight. Shi Buhua's Poem on the Servant in Qing Dynasty commented: "It is easy to read sad words, but wonderful to read funny words. Learners understand. " Judging from the content, there is no aversion to the language of military career, no intention to lament the loss of life, nothing more than the difficulty of fighting for pain, which is called sadness and sadness, and seems reluctant. Shi Buhua's words have their depth. Famous throughout the ages, there are many opinions.