Dongyue Temple Association's Dongyue Temple Association

There are different opinions about the life experience of the Taishan God Dongyue Emperor, but it is a fact that the Taishan God Dongyue Emperor is highly believed or worshipped. There is a saying that the Great Emperor Dongyue "was given the title of the official mansion in Shennong Dynasty and the title of Marshal Taishan in Hanming Emperor" ("The Origin of Three Religions"), which shows that at least in the Han Dynasty, the Great Emperor Dongyue had a title. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Dongyue Emperor was the most prominent period. There was the Tang Dynasty, which successively had titles of "King of Heaven", "King of Heaven", "King of Heaven" and "Song Zhenzong Dynasty", with the first sign of "King of Benevolence and Heaven" and then the title of "King of Heaven and Heaven". Emperor Dongyue is not only the god of the divine world, but also the emperor of the world, with a wife saying Shu Ming and a son saying Saburo, Shiro and Shiro. When Song Zhenzong worshiped Mount Tai, he decided that the birthday of Dongyue Emperor was March 28th (for example, in the seventy-third chapter of The Water Margin, "March 28th was the birthday of the Heavenly Emperor"), and decided to celebrate it every year, thus making the Taishan Temple Fair customized, and the location of the temple fair was renamed Dongyue Temple (the main worship of Dongyue Emperor) from Daiyue Temple in the Tang Dynasty.

dongyue temple or Taishan temple, that is, Dai temple is also. When Dai Temple was founded, it was inferred that it was founded in the Qin and Han Dynasties, based on the words "Qin was a domain" and "Han was also a palace" in the Inscription of Tiantian Temple in the Great Song Dynasty. Others think it's a little later. Regardless of the issue of "creation", it is well documented that the Tang and Song Dynasties had a considerable scale. "Da Song Xuan He Rebuilds the Monument of Taidai Temple" records: "It is added to the palace", "dazzling the periphery of the wall", and the wings are divided, and it is as sudden as the purple pole of the imperial capital, which is known to those who look at it. Every temple, bedroom, hall, pavilion, door, pavilion, library, museum, building, view, corridor and pavilion is 81 yuan. " The Water Margin, with the background of the Song Dynasty, also has a wonderful description of Dai Temple: "The temple lives in Daiyue, and the mountain town is Gankun, which is the supreme mountain and the leader of all gods. On the hill, you can see Penglai with weak water; It's all dense clouds and mist. The balcony shrugged, suspecting that the sun was spreading its wings and flying; On the corner of the temple, I felt that the Jade Rabbit was walking. Carve a beam and draw a building, with a blue tile and a Zhu eaves. The phoenix leaf is bright and reflects the yellow yarn, and the embroidered curtain on the back of the turtle hangs the brocade belt. Looking at the icon from a distance, nine crowns and eyebrows; Eyebrows, close to the face, Yan Longpao soup shoulder Yu back. In nine days, the hibiscus crown is covered with crimson recognition, and the yellow robe of Bing Lu He is called Lantian Belt. The left waits for the jade hairpin and bead shoes, and the right waits for the purple ribbon gold medal. The temple is majestic, and three thousand armor generals are escorted; The two corridors are brave, and the diligent king has a hundred thousand iron soldiers. Wuyue Building is adjacent to the East Palace, and Ren 'an Hall is adjacent to the North Que. At the foot of the mountain, the judge is divided into seventy-two divisions; In the white mule temple, the earth god presses 24 qi. Tube fire pool, iron-faced Qiu month psychic; Life and death are in the palm of your hand, and five generals show their saints year after year. The royal fragrance is constant, and the gods flying horses report Dan Shu; Sacrifice in time, young and old look at the moon and pray for happiness. Jianing Hall, auspicious clouds; Zhengyangmen, Ruiqi hovering. All the people worship Bixia Jun, and all directions return to Rensheng Emperor. " The Taishan Temple Fair, whose main content is to celebrate the birthday of Dongyue Emperor, is located in the Dongyue Temple (Dai Temple), where Dongyue Emperor is mainly worshipped.

There were not many documents about the Taishan Temple Fair in the Song Dynasty, but we can get a glimpse from the descriptions in Water Margin with the Song Dynasty as the background: First, the Taishan Temple Fair had a far-reaching influence. The guest officials in Shaanxi and Shanxi all went to the meeting regardless of the long distance. Second, there were many pilgrims. On that road, people who only look at burning incense keep coming and going. "Before and after the third watch, I heard a drum music, which was the birthday of the incense officials and the holy emperor in the temple." Third, business is booming. "It turns out that the temple (Dongyue Temple) is very lively, not one hundred and twenty lines of business, and there are only 14,5 inns, inviting pilgrims from all over the world. By the time of the Bodhisattva Festival, there was no place for people, and many inns were full. " Fourth, competitive activities such as beating during the temple fair attract attention. The "big man" of Fengxiang Prefecture, Optimus Prime Ren Yuan of Taiyuan Prefecture and Liangshan heroes all rushed to the Taishan Temple Fair in Dongyue to fight. When the drums were beating, I saw that "the people who burned incense that day were really shoulder to shoulder, and a huge Dongyue Temple was full in one rush. On the back of the house, everything is watching. Towards the Jianing Hall, a mountain shed was tied up, and the shed was covered with gold and silver utensils and splendid satin. There are five horses tied to the door, all saddled. People who know the state are forbidden to burn incense. "

During the Yuan, Ming, Qing and even the Republic of China, although the influence of Dongyue Emperor was weaker than that of Bixia Yuanjun (later auspicious), the Taishan Temple Fair still took congratulations on Dongyue Emperor's birthday as one of its main contents. The third fold of Yuan Song "Liu Qian's Illness Beats the Bull's Horn" says: "Today is March 28th, which is the Christmas day of the Emperor Tianqi Rensheng in Dongyue, and ... the end is full of people and things." Lu Rong's Miscellaneous Notes on the Garden of the Ming Dynasty quoted Xu Bin's Record of Rebuilding the Temple in Songli Mountain as saying, "Every year on March 28th, it belongs to the birthday of Emperor Dongyue, and the people in the world are thousands of miles away, and the name is Xiangbo Sacrifice Prison." Liu Dong, a Ming Dynasty writer, said in A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital that the Dongyue Temple in the Imperial Capital, on the Christmas Day of Dongyue the Great on March 28th every year, "the whole city drives all the doors, and the drum music flag is built as a blessing, and the spectators are cut off"; "Everyone is playing drums, flags, pavilions and pavilions, and guarding the sacred emperor." As for the Taishan Temple Fair in the Qing Dynasty, Tang Zhongmian, a Qing dynasty, recorded in Dailan Daimiao that "the temple city is vast, and there are many prayers every year, and there are many dramas, and those who shoulder and rub their toes are wrong for several months. According to the old legend, March 28th is the birthday of Emperor Yue, which is especially auspicious. " In the 18th and 2th years of the Republic of China, Mr. Fu Zhenlun visited Mount Tai twice, and in the book "A Visit to Mount Tai", there was also a description of the Mount Tai Temple Fair: "It was in the middle of March in the summer calendar, which was the period of the Mount Tai Temple Fair (cited by: this obviously refers to the Mount Tai Temple Fair celebrating the birthday of Emperor Dongyue), and good men believed in women, and those who came from afar to make pilgrimages to the mountain looked at each other on the way. Women are bound feet, with long hair combs, broad clothes and no skirts. The width of their legs can be four inches, and the cover is still a legacy of ancient costumes in the mainland a few years ago. Holding incense and holding hands, mumbling is endless. As for men facing the mountains, they just preach with monks and Taoists. There are those who hold the yellow flag of a right triangle, on which are the four characters "pilgrimage to the mountain" and the small characters "Laiyi Yiyuzhuang" on the right, which are almost from Laizhou, eastern Shandong. Residents in the mountains, who sell fragrant horse paper lessons, have the most prosperous business. There are a lot of beggars along the way, and everyone asks for things, and they say,' There are thousands of homes and thousands of things, and they are willing to be blessed',' Step by step',' Accumulate virtue, pay for it, and it is self-sufficient for individuals to do well'. If they don't give it, they can't move forward. "

In the Ming Dynasty, Taishan Temple Fair celebrated the birthday of Emperor Dongyue, and also added activities to celebrate the birthday of Bixia Yuanjun. Although there are coincidental factors ── Legend has it that Bixia Yuanjun's birthday is April 18th, which is close to that of Dongyue Emperor (March 28th). In the case of not changing the duration of Taishan Temple Fair, the celebration of Bixia Yuanjun's birthday can be included. More importantly, it is due to social reasons, because the belief of Bixia Yuanjun in Ming and Qing Dynasties has a great influence and surpassed that of Dongyue Emperor, in order to attract more pilgrims and attract more people.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the activities to celebrate the birthday of Yuanjun Bixia were very popular. "On April 18th, Yuan Jun's birthday, all scholars and women made incense. In the early stage, the incense first sounded the golden number, and all the people led it, such as teachers, such as long orders, such as fathers and brothers. From January 1 ST to 18 th, the dust, wind and sweat are the same, and the four miles belong to each other. Riders, riders, walkers, walkers, worshippers, fanfare, and drummers. Yu Zhe, your home, Hao Youjia. Riders, rangers, housewives. Those who walk, the son of man, are willing to pay and pray. Worshipers, top Yuan Jun statue, negative ingot, step by step, three days to. After his clothes are short, he is silky and barefoot, and he worships in five steps, ten steps to twenty steps, one day. Group from idle, singing and playing for fun. Those who drum up the gold in the flag building, embroider the flag Dan Fu with 1 pieces each, and embroider the cover with green and yellow soap with 1 pieces each, and those who ride to preach and drum up the gold in their steps are called "Yes". People have small gold-lettered cards, small flags with epaulettes, small wooden palaces, and Japanese yen for driving, and his gold and silver utensils are called "Yes". After that, two zhangs soap flags were built, and seven stars were lit. Before that, three zhangs embroidered buildings were built, embroidering the title of Yuanjun. Another boaster is the Taige, which is a few feet hardcore and twists and turns. It is decorated with pavilions and cliffs, and four or five babies are placed on the floor, dressed as a drama. Its method, ring iron about children's waist, flat bearing children's coffin, clothes cover it, and the rod is dark from the confusion of clothes. At the place where you can see the clouds and wisps of smoke, you can sit empty for a while, or you can straddle like a horse, flying in the air, sighing dangerously as you move along the road, but it is no less painful for you to sit. People repeatedly spit the cake bait with a long pole. It's a long way, the wind blows in the sun, and the children sleep soundly. Don't have flour and ink, monks and nuns, beggars, beggars, fools, and rogues. Young people are noisy and playful, and the bridges are lined up, and they are fighting with each other. Soup and fried rice are round, which is called happy group. Straw braided helmet crown, called straw hat. Paper mud mask, called grimace and ghost nose. String dyed mane, called ghost beard. Pilgrims return home with an inch of dust on their clothes, a straw hat on their heads, faces with grimaces, noses, whiskers, sleeves with a beard and a happy group. Entering the Guo Gate, Xuan Xuan was complacent. Tao holds the viewer, and he is happy. Getting started, Weng drives his wife and daughter, and spins around it. However, if you are drunk, you will be noisy, if you fight for the road, you will be beaten, and if you are fascinated, you will lose men and women. The next day, you will be bothered to listen to the judge "(Ming's" A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Emperor Beijing "). This is the case in the capital (now Beijing) thousands of miles away, especially in Bixia Yuanjun's hometown: "On April 18th (Mount Tai), grandma's Christmas was celebrated, ... it stirred up the population of twenty families, and all the goods in the world came to the meeting, but there were no clothes, jewelry, agate and pearls sold."

During the period of the Republic of China, the society was in turmoil and the situation was unstable. There were many troops stationed on Mount Tai, and the cultural relics were seriously damaged. Dongyue Temple (Dai Temple) became a big market. Relatively speaking, the Taishan Temple Fair, which has a history of more than a thousand years, is very depressed at this time. When Mr. Fu Zhenlun visited Mount Tai, he saw that "there are many beggars along the way, and everyone asks for things", "If you don't give them, you can't move forward", and "There is nothing like this when you visit Mount Tai" ("Revisiting Mount Tai"). During his seclusion in Mount Tai, General Feng Yuxiang inspected the Mount Tai Temple Fair and wrote a social custom poem "The Market of Temple Fair", which said: "Catch the temple fair, open the market, and all kinds of goods come from all directions. There are foreign goods, local products and snack bars. On this side, there are noodle stands and orange board tables. Dad kneaded the dough, mother cooked the stove, and the business seller took care of it. On the other side, it's more lively, and the man shouted with his mouth open. Sour plum soup, Dutch water, cheap and delicious, both young and old, men and women, crowded and crowded. Few buyers, many spectators, no money in the waist. Villagers suffer, villagers are poor, and money is sent abroad every day. Tell the reason, get to the bottom of it, and use the machine to catch up with the production. " Obviously, Mr. Feng Yuxiang used the description of Taishan Temple Fair to grieve the people's sufferings and advocate social revolution.

After the liberation of Taicheng, Taishan Temple Fair was once replaced by an irregular material exchange club. During the "Cultural Revolution", due to well-known reasons, even the material exchange meeting was cancelled, resulting in many young people not knowing what the temple fair was. The Cultural Revolution ended, the earth recovered, the mountain gate opened, Tai 'an City was listed as a development city earlier, and Mount Tai became a hot tourist spot at home and abroad. In order to meet the needs of the new situation, the relevant parties in Tai 'an resumed the Taishan Temple Fair in 1986 after a transformation of "removing its dross and taking its essence". The venue of this Taishan Temple Fair is located in the former site of Daiyue Temple, and the duration is from May 6 to 12 in Gregorian calendar. Besides normal religious activities, the contents of the temple fair are mainly material trading, cultural entertainment and sightseeing. The newly restored first Taishan Temple Fair showed great vitality: hundreds of business groups from inside and outside the province came to the temple fair to discuss business, countless stalls of different sizes operated various department stores and local products, official or folk art performance groups came one after another, and the people who visited the fair were bustling.

The new Taishan Temple Fair is more experienced and prosperous. In 1991, the Taishan Temple Fair lasted for 6 days, with 1.2 million participants, 12 performance groups, more than 4 commercial greenhouses and more than 1, business units (individuals) participating in the fair, with a total turnover of more than 4 million yuan. In 1992, the Taishan Temple Fair expanded its scale and extended its duration. "With Hongmen Road as the central axis, it starts from Baihequan in the south, reaches Guandi Temple in the north, borders Puzhao Temple in the west and reaches Wangmu Pond in the east, covering an area of one square kilometer and lasting for 1 days. However, even so, the venue is still too small and the time is too short. Since the meeting, more than 1,5 sales stalls, 15 large performance groups, more than 2 rice sheds, and 2, people rushing to the meeting and mobile hawking every day have packed the whole venue. " (Zhang Yongheng: Ancient and Modern Talks on Taishan Temple Fair, Huaxia Spark, No.7, 1992) The total attendance of this temple fair was over 2 million, and the transaction amount reached 11 million yuan. As the couplets of the temple fair said: "Mount Tai in Wan Ren takes advantage of the opening-up wind to revitalize tourism and welcome guests, and the temple fair will prosper the economy and gather financial resources along with the tide of reform."

The most noteworthy is the Taishan Temple Fair in 1993, which was larger in scale, more closely organized and achieved more remarkable results. The venue of the temple fair is divided into two major areas, namely, Shandong Linxiao Square is a commercial greenhouse area (south area), which is subdivided into six commercial streets: daily necessities, textiles, industrial and agricultural products, shoes and hats handicrafts, clothing and food; In the eastern part of Huanshan Road and Hushan Park in the North District, it is divided into three communities: scattered stall trading, catering service and cultural entertainment. It covers a total area of about 1, square meters, with more than 4 commercial greenhouses, more than 1,6 stalls and 19 large-scale performance groups. Although the weather was not very beautiful during the temple fair, it was still crowded with people. I can't stand loneliness, and I have visited temple fairs, joined in the fun, and met many interesting things. First, the mayor visits temple fairs. On the first day of the meeting, the mayor of Tai 'an at that time went through the temple fair. When he saw the booth selling medicines, he went to have a close look to see where it was produced, whether there was a registered trademark and a factory date, and whether the certificates for distributing medicines were complete. And specifically told the organizers: "We should carefully check all kinds of goods, especially drugs, and never let fake and shoddy products go on the market, which is related to the temple fair and our reputation in Taian." Second, 9-year-old women watch drama. There is a 9-year-old lady in the south of Taicheng Pass. When she heard about the temple fair, she had to hurry. The children and grandchildren wheeled the old lady to the temple fair. For fear that the old man was getting old, they wanted to see the excitement in the southern district. Unexpectedly, the old lady insisted on going to the northern district to see the drama, and her interest was extremely high. It took more than two hours to see it. Third, "foreigners" can't understand foreign languages. In front of a small stall, two blonde foreign ladies took a fancy to antique porcelain vases, played with them for a long time, and decided to buy two, repeatedly saying "soil, soil" (English two, which means two here). The small boss was dealing with "foreigners" for the first time. I didn't know what the "foreigners" were talking about, so he quickly cleaned the porcelain vases and replied, "No soil, no soil, dry." Make a joke.

Taishan Temple Fair originated in the Tang Dynasty, customized in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, declined in the Republic of China, and flourished again today. One of the important contents of Taishan Temple Fair is to celebrate the Christmas of the gods. During the celebration, pilgrims and tourists gather to eat, live, buy and entertain, and business services and cultural and entertainment activities also appear, and the temple fair has gradually become a multi-functional activity. In view of the high popularity of Mount Tai, the gods of Mount Tai-Dongyue Emperor and Bixia Yuanjun, the influence of Mount Tai Temple Fair is very great and far away.

(1) The main content of the temple fair is to celebrate the birthdays of Dongyue Emperor and Bixia Yuanjun, which further promoted Dongyue Emperor and Bixia Yuanjun. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tianqi Temple, Taishan Temple or Taishan Niangniang Temple dedicated to Dongyue Emperor or Bixia Yuanjun were built not only in Tai 'an, but also in all parts of the country. A typical example of the worship of the Emperor Dongyue is the painting

on the wall of the Tiangong Temple in Dai Temple ── The Map of the Emperor Dongyue's Opening and Returning. The "Opening and Returning Map" started with the bachelor of the court and the palace maid, followed by Dongyue University.