Why is Changde dialect in Hunan different from Changsha dialect?

Changde dialect belongs to the northern dialect-the sub-dialect of Southwest Mandarin. This is closely related to large-scale immigration in history. According to historical records, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, northern residents have been moving south. The loss of Yongjia at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty caused the first large-scale southward migration of the northern population. A large number of people moved south along the Hanshui River basin and crossed the river to reach the Dongting River basin. This migration continued until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty once made the people of Xiang Deng (Xiangyang, Hubei, Nanyang, Henan), the nobles of Chang 'an and Luoyang in Beijing, all cast their hands in Jiang Township, so Jingnan Jingyi was ten times as original. "The migration of northern residents is large in scale, large in number, and geographically concentrated, which not only makes it difficult for their languages to be assimilated by local indigenous languages, but also has a great impact on local indigenous languages. This is the historical origin of the kinship between Changde dialect and northern dialect.

Changde dialect belongs to southwest mandarin, and there is great consistency within the dialect. For example, the ancient and modern voiced stops in Changde dialect are unvoiced; Ancient mother and clay mother are mixed together, and n and l have no difference in meaning; The syllables of Fu and Xu are mixed as F, and "Fu" is homophonic with "Tiger"; There are fewer vowels in the mouth, and the mouth becomes more open. "Duan" reading Tan is the same as "Dan". The ancient flat voice was divided into Yin Ping and Yang Ping, and the ancient voiced voice was classified as falling tone. Most of the ancient tones have not changed, and there are generally five tones. The ancient crab found that the pronunciation of the word "mother" and "mother box" was different. In addition, the children of Changde dialect generally need to overlap; There are also the same auxiliary words "hit", "pour" and "get up". Of course, there are obvious differences within Changde dialect. The Yuan and Li rivers cross the border and divide Changde dialect into two dialects. The dialects of Yuanshui River Basin (Wuling, Dingcheng, Taoyuan and Hanshou) and Lishui River Basin (Shimen, Linli, Lixian, Anxiang and Jinshi) have their own characteristics. Phonologically, there are no tsts' s and tsts' s in the dialect of Yuanshui River Basin (mainly referring to the urban area), and the initial vowel is tsts' s, the closed vowel is pronounced tc tc c, and the vowel is pinched. There are obvious differences between tsts in Lishui dialect and tsts in Putonghua (except for Jinshi and Anxiang; In Valley, X is spelled with Hukou Hu, and the initials are all F, just like Fan, while in Lishui Valley, F and X are the same as Mandarin (except Shimen dialect). In Shui Yuan Valley, the differentiation of polyphony is complicated. Taoyuan dialect can be divided into yinqu and yangqu, but they are independent and do not blend with other tones. Hanshou dialect is mixed with Yang Ping. The tones of the two-word group in the dialect of Lishui River Basin are all divided, belonging to the rising tone, just like the tone of "Ming" and "Gai". Anxiang dialect and Jinshi dialect both belong to Lishui River basin, but they also show the characteristics of Yuanshui River basin dialect. For example, tsts Shimen is adjacent to Xiangxi, and its dialect also shows the characteristics of Xiangxi dialect, such as Tiaojin 4 1. Anxiang dialect can be divided into western dialect and southern dialect. The western dialect belongs to Mandarin, which is dominant, while the southern dialect belongs to Hunan dialect. This is because in the past hundred years, some immigrants have moved to Anxiang, and most of their descendants have retained the characteristics of their ancestors' Xiang dialect, and at the same time they can speak Mandarin, thus forming a situation in which Mandarin and Xiang dialect coexist.