The Influence of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union on China

I remember a philosopher in the west once said: There are no eternal enemies and friends in the world, only eternal interests. The cooperation and confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union all revolve around this permanent interest. During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union joined forces to defeat the Axis countries, which was both the goal and the basis of cooperation. Later, Italy's surrender and Germany's retreat also marked the end of this cooperation. At this time, the contradiction between the United States and the Soviet Union in the post-war world arrangement doomed the opposition between the two countries, the all-round opposition-the differences in strategic goals, geopolitics and ideology.

I. Strategic Objectives [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]

After World War II, Germany, Italy and Japan were completely overthrown, Britain lost the throne of world hegemony, and there was a huge power vacuum in Eurasia. The United States, which became a superpower by the east wind of the Second World War, and the Soviet Union, another superpower with extensive war trauma and huge war machine, began to fill this power vacuum in their own way. The strategy of "using a fox to kill a lion" advocated by American President Roosevelt, that is, relying on international organizations, relying on national strength, and establishing American hegemony by peaceful means through political and economic cooperation among major powers, has its own insurmountable difficulties. It not only requires maintaining cooperation with the Soviet Union, a country with two different social systems, ideologies and strategic interests, but also requires lasting cooperation after the war, which is almost impossible. Roosevelt also went to see God before the end of World War II. His successor, the son of a Missouri farmer, quickly changed Roosevelt's strategy and adopted a direct confrontation strategy. He openly clamored that "the expansion of GCZ in the world" must be stopped by force and began to implement the plan of dominating the world. Although the direct purpose of the Soviet anti-fascist war is the same as that of the United States, the Soviet Union is not limited to completely crushing XTL Nazi Germany's aggression, but wants to minimize the possibility of future wars of aggression against the Soviet Union through this war and make itself invincible. On April 1945, Stalin told his assistant that another world war was inevitable. He also warned that Germany "will recover soon, and it only takes 12 to 15 years for them to be strong again. Therefore, the unity of the Slavic nation is very important. " Therefore, while helping Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, JF also helped these countries to establish pro-Soviet social justice F, and these countries became the first line of defense of the Soviet Union. When western countries accused the Soviet Union of expansion, Stalin pointed out in a conversation with Pravda reporter in March 1946: "The Soviet Union tried to have a goodwill government in these countries in order to ensure its future security. What's strange about this? " If you are not crazy, how can you regard these peaceful aspirations of the Soviet Union as expansionist tendencies? "But the Soviet Union put forward to restore most of Russia's rights and interests in northeast China against Japan before the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, which fully demonstrated its chauvinism. This is completely different from the strategic goal of the United States in the post-war world.

Second, geopolitics.

Let me start with the geographical history of the United States and the Soviet Union. Needless to say, the environment of the United States, as we all know, has the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean as natural barriers, and Mexico and Canada are the only weak countries whose strength is not in an order of magnitude with the United States, so the French one is called Aleksi? De? Tocqueville compared the United States to a continental island country in his On American Z. Its unparalleled geographical conditions allow the United States to make a fortune at home, and the principle of American foreign policy put forward by Monroe, the fifth president of the United States, has completely banned all the traditional European powers, and "the United States is an American America" will soon be realized. By the end of19th century, the United States was already the largest economic power in the world. Unfortunately, although countries such as Britain and France were weakened in World War I, thin camels were bigger than horses. When the United States put forward the "open door" policy and wanted to participate in international political games, it was resisted by European powers. As a result, the United States began a glorious isolation policy. The decline of established empires such as Britain and France in World War II provided a good opportunity for the United States to seek world hegemony. Soviet Russia is not as lucky as the United States, and its development is simply a history of war. Romanov dynasty was a good hand in land annexation and occupation of other countries' territories, but its management ability was not so good. Feudal rule made Russia unable to get rid of economic backwardness for a long time. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union devoted itself to building social justice in China through the new economic policy and made remarkable achievements. Unfortunately, however, the position of the Soviet Union is really great. 18 12 Not only did Napoleon come here, but also XTL descendants occupied the territory in 194 1 year.

As for geopolitics, Americans were not very good at it before. After all, years of isolation policy have made Americans fail to reach the "basic level" in geography exams. In the American-Spanish war against the Philippines, many Americans didn't know whether the Philippines was an island or a fruit. But when the United States is ready to dominate, its geopolitical development is developing like taking the wrong medicine, and the American geopolitical scientist Spykman is one of the most famous representatives. He put forward the theory of "marginal zone" in 1943. He regards the fringe of Eurasia as the "middle zone" between the ocean and Eurasia, the center of the world, which will be a frequent zone of conflicts between land powers and maritime powers, while the United States, as a maritime power, wants to avoid conflicts only by controlling this region, maintaining the balance between Eurasian countries and not letting any country dominate Eurasia. At that time, American politics F was based on his proposal: "Whoever controls the fringe will control Eurasia; Whoever dominates Eurasia will control the fate of the world. " This view began to establish military bases and spheres of influence on the edge of Eurasia to contain the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, the Soviet leader Comrade Stalin had no confidence in the capital countries such as the United States and Britain because of the disastrous introduction of Britain and France to the East before the war and the subsequent Berne incident. As mentioned above, in order to ensure his own security, he can only establish security and buffer zones along his own borders, which are in contradiction with the geographical interests of the United States, which is also one of the root causes of the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.

When the Soviet Union and the United States began to encircle the land for their respective geographical interests, conflicts inevitably occurred. These conflicts are many, and the general direction is Europe, the Near East and the Far East.

Regarding Poland's problem in Europe, in the words of Stalin at the Yalta Conference, it is: "For the Soviet people, the Polish problem is not only an honor issue, but also a security issue." However, for this country that is often invaded, safety is the first. Poland has always been a springboard for Soviet-Russian invasion, and it is impossible for the Soviet Union to let this land go. Moreover, what the Soviet Union pursued after World War II was not only to prevent invasion, but to exert influence on Western Europe through Poland. The United States is very accommodating in this matter. You can admit that you have special interests in Poland and even other places in eastern Europe, but you can't completely control this land, otherwise you are safe and I am not very safe. Your huge mechanized group army and social justice system are simply a sword of Damocles hanging over your head. On the issue of Germany, the attitudes of both sides are opposite. The United States wants to pull Germany into its own camp, so that Germany will no longer do evil in Europe and become a strong fortress against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union wanted to completely hollow out Germany's war potential, so that it could not launch another war of aggression against the Soviet Union. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]

In the Near East, there are only two places, one is Iran and the other is Turkey. What the Soviet Union and the United States are fighting for here is exactly the same as what the United States wants to wage war all over the world-oil and traffic throats. Iran was originally Britain's traditional sphere of influence, but Britain's strength and influence were not as good as before after World War II, so the Soviet Union wanted to enclose it. In fact, it is not the fault of the Soviet Union. Even the United States, an ally of Britain, wants to beat around the bush here. Therefore, the Soviet Union not only supported the national Z-Rightists of Azerbaijan in northern Iran to carry out anti-government activities, but also put pressure on the Iranian government F by deploying heavy troops on the Soviet-Iranian border in order to establish an Iranian government F that succumbed to the Soviet Union. However, everyone in Iran believes in God. How can it yield to this country that believes in orthodox God? Iran found the United States, and the United States immediately pointed out a bright road. Go to the United Nations to report it. So the Soviet Union withdrew its troops under pressure from all sides, but it still put forward the requirement of joint development of oil in northern Iran. The Soviet Union's demand for Turkey, the successor of the Ottoman Empire, is well-founded. Since the time of Peter the Great, the Soviet Union has coveted Da Daniil and Bosphorus. Now, in the Soviet era, the military power was super strong, and Britain and France, once interfering countries, are all sick cats now. No. When did this time happen? The Soviet Union began to ask Turkey to lease the Black Sea Strait base to the Soviet Union and hand over Kas and Adahan provinces to the Soviet Union, based on my bad reasons before I was in these places. However, where there is the Soviet Union, how can there be no United States? As soon as the United States heard that the Soviet Union had organized three activities and four activities in Turkey, it immediately quit. Truman immediately ordered the most advanced aircraft carrier "Roosevelt" to show its force through the strait. Having said that, I have to mention Greece in the Aid to Greece and Turkey Act. It can be said that the Greek civil war was the direct trigger of Truman's Z righteousness. The Greek civil war looks very complicated. In fact, it is very simple to know something about the modern history of China. Much like our country. When * * * cooperated with Zheng F, it was simply copying X's right to surrender. Later, I don't know what happened. All of a sudden, * * * became fanatical and became X Ming's left-leaning reckless Z meaning. It not only boycotted the general election, but also abandoned guerrilla warfare to formally attack the city and established Zheng F, which was still a political F that was not recognized by any country or organization. It's a pity that the front is much like China, but the back is where X Ze X comes forward to solve all the problems, and no one can bear it. So in the case of a large number of American funds, military advisers and weapons and equipment to arm the F Army, the Greek leader Zahi Ali Addis announced a "temporary ceasefire to save the whole of Greece from being completely destroyed". This marks that the Greek civil war has actually ended. In the United States, the end of the Greek civil war is regarded as the victory of the Cold War over the Soviet Union. In fact, the Soviet Union was not very enthusiastic about the whole Greek civil war. At the end of 1944, Greece * * * controlled most of its territory, and the Soviet Union even demanded that Greece * * * stop, just like in North Korea and China.

In the Far East, the United States started it. According to the Potsdam Proclamation issued by Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States in July 1945, Japan will be occupied by allied forces. However, the allied occupation of Germany by the United States and the Soviet Union made them very unhappy. How could they let Japan spit out all the meat that had fallen into its mouth, and immediately decided the policy of monopolizing Japan. Of course, at this time, the Soviet Union withdrew. It strongly opposes and protests these most common things in China now. Later, the Soviet Union ignored him in America. With a stroke of Stalin's pen, the Soviet Red Army immediately landed in the Kuril Islands, including the South Kuril Islands and the Korean Island. At the same time, it occupied South sakhalin island and Sedan Island and Tooth Dance Island, which originally belonged to Hokkaido (that is, the four northern islands commonly seen on TV now). Perhaps out of the psychology of letting others drink some soup after eating meat, the United States did not react much to the tooth dance, Sedan, Queen China and the four islands outside the Thousand Islands stipulated in the Yalta Agreement 1945. Since then, although the Soviet Union has waged a sharp struggle with the United States on the issue of Japanese occupation, it has not changed the fact that the United States occupied Japan alone.

Third, ideological differences.

Ideological differences feel as good as the Soviet Union and the United States think. One is the richest country in the world, and the other is the first country with social justice in the world. Fascist Germany was killed by GCZ in wartime. Both countries believe that their own system is the savior of mankind. The United States enthusiastically believes that only American-style capital Z righteousness can make the world rich, while the Soviet Union made many exiled intellectuals fall in love with the Soviet Union because of its fearless hero Z righteousness and self-sacrifice spirit in World War II. With the decline of M countries such as Britain and France, the huge colonial empire began to collapse, and the national JF movement in each colony surged. Stalin believed that the demise of capital Z righteousness was not far away, and the Soviet-style social Z righteousness would win the final victory in the world.

Therefore, the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States looks very much like the institutional struggle between the social Z-righteousness and the capital Z-righteousness, and its essence is the struggle for strategic interests between the Soviet Union and the United States based on different geographical conditions, although these strategic interests also include ideological differences.