A little architectural knowledge every day

Clearance area: a room is surrounded by walls, which are inside and outside. The length and width are calculated to the inside of the wall, that is, excluding the thickness of the wall, and the area obtained is the clearance area.

Simply talking about cement mortar baseboard: You should know what baseboard is. In fact, the skirting line of cement mortar alone is the skirting line made of cement mortar. Why use "single"? Because the wall is to be brushed with cement mortar after completion, it plays a very important role to use "single". If you use the word "cement mortar skirting line", others will make holes, because as I said just now, the walls are painted with mortar to prevent the construction unit from brushing the skirting line into the walls.

Terrazzo baseboard: It is a baseboard made of terrazzo, just like marble.

Calculation of linear meter of engineering quantity: linear meter can be said to be the unit of meter, and you can also understand it as meter, there is nothing wrong.

Wooden keel ceiling: this is for decoration engineering, not for civil engineering. Wooden keel is a kind of material.

Exterior wall skirt area: Have you ever seen an indoor platform? Just like her, there is one inside and one outside, and the height is a little different. No one makes exterior skirts now, and you probably won't see them either. If there is an opportunity to ask someone to describe it to you, I won't say it. It's nothing.

Strip tuyere: Like a rectangular vent, the hole is not big.

Air outlet: the word "Hui" can be written, and the hole is shaped like Hui.

Cement concrete pavement flat? Tongue and mouth? This sentence is too short, I don't know the specific context, so it's difficult to answer.

Parapet: Parapet appears in a flat-topped building, with a height of less than 2 meters. I suggest you go to the construction site or look for pictures online.

Empty talk wall: I have never heard of it.

Empty bucket wall: You should try to see this suggestion yourself. It was difficult to understand the definition before.

Technical layer: I don't know the context.

Scaffolding project: scaffolding. During construction, protective scaffolding, formwork scaffolding and scaffolding are all erected with steel pipes.

Full house scaffolding: used indoors, that is, the room is covered with scaffolding.

Water tower scaffold: Water tower is a kind of building, that is, the scaffold of water tower project.

2. architectural knowledge

Hello:

My major is architecture. I can help you.

Let me tell you about the teaching content of architecture major.

Specialized courses: Descriptive Geometry and Shadow Perspective, Architectural Drawing, Introduction to Civil Engineering, Architectural Design (most important), Architectural Design Introduction (actually a theoretical course of architectural design), Sketch (more important, belonging to the basic course of art), Watercolor (more important, belonging to the basic course of art), CAD(AutoCAD, Tianzheng CAD), 3DMAX, PhotoShop, architectural history of China, etc.

Basic courses: English, politics (Ma Zhe, Mao Deng ...), mathematics (very unimportant, you don't need to learn), computer foundation, C language or VFP (very unimportant, not related to architecture).

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Design is the most important thing. The most important thing in architecture is that you can design your own scheme, which is much more important than painting itself. Painting is a mechanical process, and design is a process of expressing one's ability.

Hand painting is very important! Courses involving hand-drawing include: architectural design, architectural drawing, descriptive geometry, shadow perspective (sketch and watercolor are basic courses, which should be paid attention to).

Computer drawing is more important, because you won't be required to draw by hand at work, you can only use a computer, so you should learn these three softwares (CAD, 3DMAX, PhotoShop) well.

That's all, I hope it will help you!

3. architectural knowledge or jokes

Dialogue between Party A's Representative and Party B's Cost Engineer

Party A's representative: the head of the Art Troupe is very talented and proficient in budgeting and bidding. I want to learn from you!

Party B's Cost Officer: How can I be an expert and bully amateurs?

Party A's representative: There is no qualification for technical exchange! If you screw up, don't blame me for finding another home! Take it!

Party A's representative: One price, two bids and three schemes, without considering the four specifications of five benefits and six benefits, bidding for seven or eight nine companies is very boring!

Party B's customers: ten rooms and nine rooms earn 800%, and then seven changes, six certificates and five changes, only earn 4.32 million, one project!

Party A's representative: How neat!

Representative of Party A: In the list, the quantity is not high and the price is not high. It's ridiculous to make a small profit!

Party B's cost engineer: In the project, steal some materials, and beware of visas every day!

Masses: OK, OK, that's right!

Party A's representative: Bidding, winning the bid to start construction, changing every day!

Party B's Cost Officer: Budget settlement, recalculation of new drawings and old drawings, and secret reduction every day!

Masses: Master! Master!

Party A's representative: ten thoughts, thinking about engineering, thinking about progress, thinking about quality!

Cost Engineer of Party B: I just want to win the bid and change my visa!

Masses: OK, OK-

Representative of Party A: I built a house and came to you for construction.

Party B's Cost Officer: Only tofu dregs are made in the construction.

Representative of Party A: You are responsible for the collapse of the house.

Party B's Cost Officer: The manager is my accessory!

Representative of Party A:. . . . Huh? (Step back, blood gushes out crazily)

4. Ask for the details of common sense of construction safety (100, and add 100 after adoption).

Safety accidents are as fierce as tigers. The collapse of a building in a residential area in our city last month has left us with lingering fears.

The occurrence of construction accidents is largely due to the lack of awareness and knowledge of construction safety of construction workers. Sometimes, a small negligence may cause serious accidents, and we must not take it lightly.

In this special issue, some construction safety knowledge is published for readers to learn and understand. In building construction, there are many aerial work.

The so-called aerial work refers to any work that may fall at a height of more than 2m (including 2m) from the reference plane of falling height, which is called aerial work. Because of the small activity area, much air around, strong wind and many vertical cross operations, aerial work is a very complicated and dangerous work, and a slight negligence will cause serious accidents.

Working at heights must strictly implement the safety technical specifications for working at heights in construction. I. Types and causes of accidents at heights 1. Workers working at heights lack proper safety technical knowledge and self-protection awareness.

2. The safety protection facilities and equipment for working at heights are not perfect. 3. The material strength of the pedal object is not enough.

When the aerial work moves, it is empty, slippery and unstable. 5. Do not take protective measures in accordance with the provisions when the three-dimensional vertical cross operation.

6. When working high above the ground, people fall due to collision, electric shock, wind and other reasons. Second, work at heights must strictly abide by safety regulations. Workers working at heights should wear tight overalls, non-slip shoes, safety helmets and safety belts.

2. In case of heavy fog, heavy rain and gale of magnitude 6 or above, it is forbidden to work at heights. 3. Tools not used for working at heights should be put into tool bags and carried as needed.

Commonly used tools should be tied to the body, and unnecessary tools and removed materials should be slid to the ground with a tether, and cannot be thrown down to avoid falling and hurting people. After the operation, it should be cleaned up in time and transported to the designated place to prevent falling and hurting people.

Third, the safe operation specification of crossover operation The aerial work at different levels (heights) in the construction site space at the same time is called crossover operation. Its safety operation specification is: 1. Operators are not allowed to work on the same vertical plane when exchanging up and down.

The lower working position must be outside the range where the upper working object may fall; When it cannot be met, an isolation protective layer should be set between the upper and lower parts. When the height of high-rise building exceeds 24m, cross operation shall be carried out.

Double protection facilities should be set up. 2. It is forbidden for lower-level workers to rest under protective railings and platforms.

Four. The safety operation specification of climbing operation on the construction site, with the help of climbing appliances or facilities, is called climbing operation. Its safety operation specification is: 1. Operators should go up and down from the specified passages, and should not climb or jump between non-specified passages such as balconies.

2. When going up and down the ladder, be sure to face the ladder, hold hands tightly, and don't climb with objects in your hands. 3. It is forbidden to work on balcony railings, steel bars and pipe racks, templates and their supporting rods.

4. It is forbidden to walk and work along the roof truss winding, purlin and unfixed objects. 5. Personnel should take a special passage to get up and down the scaffold, and it is forbidden to climb up and down the scaffold bar.

When working or walking on scaffolding, pay attention to the probe board under your feet. V. Protective measures for aerial work 1. Protective railings of 1- 1.2m should be set around the aerial work platform, and the railings should be closed with dense mesh safety nets.

Around the bottom, 18cm advanced treadboards are laid, and the platform board is 5cm thick wooden scaffolding. The platform is equipped with ladders for staff to get on and off. The ladder shall be firmly fixed with the platform skeleton, and the pedal spacing shall be 30cm.

2. Protection of limb operation When working at heights, when there is no fence at the edge of the working face or there is a fence, but the height is less than 0.8m, this kind of limb operation is limb operation. Balcony, floor, roof, foundation pit and other adjacent edges should be erected with protective railings, and the external federated eye network should be closed.

When the inner scaffold is used to build a wall, the outer side of the scaffold is closed with a federated eye network; The gap between the inside and the wall should also be closed to prevent people from falling. 3. In the process of construction, there are various potholes, which have certain security risks.

According to the different sizes and positions of holes and holes and the requirements of construction scheme, the holes should be tightly closed. If it needs to be dismantled, it must be approved by the person in charge of the site.

Six, building trauma rescue knowledge 1. Treatment of open wound ① Cleaning and disinfecting the wound. Use normal saline and alcohol cotton balls to clean up the silt and dirt on the wound and the surrounding skin, use clean gauze to absorb the water and oozing blood, and then use alcohol and other drugs for preliminary disinfection. In the absence of disinfection conditions, you can wash the wound with clean water, preferably with tap water, and then dry the wound with a clean cloth or dressing.

(2) Hemostasis, for bleeding wounds, whether it can stop bleeding in time and effectively has a great impact on the life safety of the wounded. (3) burn first aid should first remove the burn source, move the wounded to a place with good air circulation as soon as possible, and wrap the injured surface with clean clothes to prevent re-pollution; At the scene, except for chemical burns, which can be washed with a large amount of flowing water, the wound is generally not treated, and the blisters are not broken as much as possible to protect the epidermis.

2. Treatment of closed trauma ① Slight closed trauma, such as local contusion and subcutaneous hemorrhage, can be cold compressed at the injured part to prevent tissue swelling and reduce subcutaneous hemorrhage. (2) In case of accidents such as falling from a height or being injured, the patient shall not be moved at will.

(3) If internal injuries are suspected, the wounded should be treated as soon as possible; When transporting the wounded, take a lying position, handle carefully, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and prevent shock. (4) In case of respiratory and cardiac arrest during transportation, first aid measures of artificial respiration should be taken immediately.

Related news link: ■ A falling accident occurred in the wire and cable factory in the eastern suburb of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, causing 1 person to die. Workers in this cable factory are installing boilers. The asbestos tile on the roof of the boiler needs to be removed to install the boiler. The worker went to work on the roof without any protective equipment. As a result, the asbestos tile was accidentally crushed, causing the asbestos tile to fall off the roof and die.

■ A construction accident occurred when a construction company in Shanghai dismantled the safety net, and three people died. Three workers of the construction company did not check carefully before dismantling the safety net, and found that the fixed point on the east side of the safety net had been destroyed.

When three people step into the flat net,

5. What knowledge do you need to learn about architecture?

1. Professional foundation

Introduction to architecture, architectural art (1), architectural shadow and perspective, architectural composition, architectural drawing and expression, architectural art (2), landscape architecture, building materials, architectural mechanics (1), architectural art (3), watercolor/gouache, computer-aided design (1), and so on.

2. Professional courses

Architectural design (1), architectural design (2), architectural history (unofficial history), architectural design (3), architectural design (4), architectural history (architectural history of China), architectural design (5), architectural design (6), architectural design (7), planning design, architectural design (8.

3. Specialized elective courses

Industrial architecture design, introduction to intelligent architecture, introduction to ecological architecture, landscape design of hydraulic architecture, building disaster prevention, protection of ancient buildings, architecture and urban photography, building regulations, professional foundation of architects, history of urban construction at home and abroad, sustainable architecture and building structure (II)

Practical link

Generally, 40 weeks of practice will be arranged for the courses of architectural cognition, architectural surveying and mapping, architectural business, architectural design (1), architectural design (2), architectural design (3), architectural design (4), teaching practice, production practice, graduation practice, building materials experiment, soil mechanics experiment, structural experiment, curriculum design, graduation design or graduation thesis.

I want to teach myself architecture.

First of all, it is basic for architectural cartography to learn to read drawings.

2. Building structure. Understand the relationship between the form of architecture and the functional components of architecture.

There are many specialties in architecture, mainly including architecture and design.

However, if you learn the above two courses well, you should be a student.

I want to tell you something about architectural drawing.

You can find some books on architectural drawing to read first, because I am an architectural major, and you need to explore the above tips on your own understanding.

Must-see knowledge points

1, basic knowledge and skills of drawing

2. Orthographic projection principle

3. Expression of architectural form

4, axonometric projection

5. Perspective view

6. Shadow in Orthographic Projection

7. Construction drawing

8. Structural construction drawing

9, construction drawing samples.

10, equipment construction drawing

1 1, AutoCAD drawing basis

Prepare three sets of typical complex drawings, one set of brick-concrete structure, one set of full-frame structure and one set of frame-shear structure.

To read an article, you must learn to read words, learn to read pictures, and learn to recognize various symbol components on the pictures. In a few days, you will be familiar with the composition of the three sets of drawings, the names and codes of each part, the location, each component and other drawing elements. In other words, if you want to know the word "drawing", you can ask people and turn over books. You can refer to the architectural drawing standards and 04G 10 1 atlas.

Next, learn how to read argumentative and narrative. Compared with the above steps, we need to further understand the structural form. Look at the picture and compare the characteristics of the three structural forms, and find out the respective characteristics of the three structures. At this time, you can't look at the drawings unilaterally. Look at the drawings, architectural drawings and structural drawings. You can't isolate them Maybe you can find mistakes and inconsistencies between the drawings. Finally, you can test it yourself, take a strange set of drawings and see if you know what the structure is. If you don't understand, you can't go through the books to find the answer yourself. You have to ask the master diligently, you have to understand and get through.

Going to the construction site after graduation is also learning to read maps from scratch. Theoretically, there will be some changes in practical application.

Answer with satisfaction.

7. I study architecture, and I want to study architectural knowledge during the holiday.

Originally, I didn't want to answer too much, but after reading the previous person's answer, it was misleading to some extent, so I have to say it.

First of all, I am also an architecture major.

1 The importance of pen drawing is quite right. But Zhong Xunzheng's drawings can't be learned. China's famous architects and outstanding architects have very solid basic skills, and Zhong Xunzheng's drawings are a good basic skills exercise.

Read more books, draw more pictures, don't learn too much when reading, mainly learn from masters and practice sketching. I think you can understand the relationship between sketching and copying after you learn painting.

Gouache and watercolor should also be studied seriously. Being able to draw good gouache and watercolor by hand is also a necessary condition for an excellent building.

You have the basic skills of painting. I think it is enough to read architectural magazines and books on architectural history during the holidays. It is helpful to draw some sketches of architectural pens in drawing.

I recommend reading both foreign magazines and domestic magazines. Foreign magazines such as DOMUS, JA, AA and ARHITECTURE RECORD are all very good, while domestic magazines such as wa, ta, architects, architectural periodicals and architectural creation are all ok.

In fact, many things in the building don't need to be seen. I think you should dabble in architecture first, and then get in touch with it. Architecture is a comprehensive subject, and now you should mainly increase your cultural accomplishment.

Start (a disease)