What did the 70-year history of the Soviet Union give you?

One of the revelations, Gorbachev, a scholar who lost his country, was confused?

Perhaps Gorbachev, who had read a lot of western books, did not have a complete and clear understanding of "democracy" and "freedom" by the time the Soviet Union disintegrated.

It has been more than 20 years since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. During these 20 years, people in the former Soviet Union, including Gorbachev himself, felt sorry for the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. In the great turmoil caused by the reform more than 10 years ago, although the people of the former Soviet Union gained democracy, freedom and even more human rights, they lost their happy life and national dignity. Gorbachev himself, at the beginning of that reform, devoted himself to the reform with his brain full of western democratic ideas, carried out the reform with great hatred for the current system, and reformed the most important ideology of the country without any follow-up means. He put his identity in the position of an ordinary Soviet citizen and completely forgot that he was the master of such a big country as the Soviet Union. From the beginning, he was eager to break the existing system without making any preparations for the establishment of the new system. When the Soviet people were not ready to accept the unfamiliar western democracy and freedom, he naively preached this idea. He worships America, but he doesn't know how Americans calculate him. To tell the truth, maybe he doesn't have a complete and clear understanding of "democracy" and "freedom" himself, especially in practice. Gorbachev was youthful and read a lot. He talks about a set of theories. There seems to be some courage in doing things. In normal times, he can really confuse a large number of people who worship theory. But often these empty theories are the most incompetent and harmful in sinister political practice.

1998, Gorbachev mentioned in his book Reflections on the Past and the Future: "In recent years, I have been criticized more than once, saying that my reform should start with the economy and should tighten the reins of politics. Such as China. " Also in the preface he wrote for the China edition of the book in 2002, he said: "In my conversation with Mr. Deng Xiaoping in China, he sharply criticized all kinds of dogmatic preaching of classic works, and he emphasized that no ready-made model was equally applicable to China and the Soviet Union." This is the best explanation why he didn't adopt the China model for reform, and it is also a post-it note in his head. Deng Xiaoping's words clearly told him to proceed from the reality of his own country and make reforms beneficial to the country and the nation. How well he spoke, but Gorbachev did not use it to motivate himself, but to excuse the failure of his reform policy. It seems that he still doesn't have a clear answer to this question.

The second revelation is that Yeltsin, a headstrong scholar, is actually a fool?

A person who knows nothing about the sinister western world and hardly knows what world strategy is will be defeated in the first attempt to govern a big country like Russia.

Yeltsin's initial impression on the Soviet people was that he was a reformer with strong democratic ideas, and his actions during his two years as the first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee also gave people such an impression. Because of this, the people of the Soviet Union pinned their hopes for Soviet reform on him, and he won the first national election in Russia in 1990. But when he got the power of the Russian president, when he made a mess of the Russian economy, and when his image in the eyes of the Russian people plummeted, what he considered was not democracy, not the interests of all Russian people, but how to keep his presidency. To this end, he can trample on democracy by any means, bombard the parliament building, and change the prime minister five times in a row in two years in order to choose his satisfactory successor. Such people can be said to be deceiving the world and stealing fame, and they can also be said to be engaged in political speculation.

Yeltsin's blind worship of western democratic culture is obvious to all. As soon as he became president of Russia, he threw himself into the arms of the west, foolishly thinking that as long as he recognized the western world, others would naturally recognize himself. There are some idiots in China who think that if they agree with the United States and the West, the United States and the West will agree with China! ) With the strong economic foundation and military strength obtained from the former Soviet Union, I will be as powerful as the leaders of western powers such as the United States, Britain, France and Germany in the near future. So he did not hesitate to use the "shock therapy" taught by Americans to rectify the Russian economy, thinking that this was a panacea for transforming the socialist planned economy. Only a year later, he suddenly found that the Russian economy was completely in shock therapy. The economic aid promised by the western world has not been fulfilled, and the door to integration with the west is still closed. It's just that Russia has changed from a world power to a country seriously troubled by economic recession and people's poverty, and itself has changed from a reform hero to a declining president who is about to be abandoned by the Russian people. Such a person who grew up in the warm bed of * * * but strongly opposed to * * *, who had no understanding of the sinister western world and hardly knew what great power politics and world strategy were, was defeated in the first attempt to govern such a big country as Russia.

The third revelation, is it the hand of God or political naivety?

There are many explanations in academic circles for other reasons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and these explanations also have some truth. But one of the most important reasons cannot be explained clearly here. It seems that an invisible hand has been manipulating the whole process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Is it the invisible "hand of God"? There are many reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. In a sense, the political naivety of the Soviet Union and most people in the Soviet Union completely denied their own party and great country, and their self-rebellious attitude towards real domestic politics directly helped Gorbachev, and also helped the United States and the West to self-destroy!

Gorbachev, as the new Soviet Union, has become accustomed to the other side of the Cold War, especially to the United States, because this is the sixth replacement of the Soviet Union since the beginning of the Cold War. Especially in more than two years, the Soviet Union has been in constant mourning, and three general secretaries died in 28 months. And every time a new general secretary takes office, it will always bring new troubles to the western world. In addition, the United States and the West will spend a lot of time and money to study this new * * * in order to take corresponding countermeasures to strengthen their position in the confrontation. However, this time they found that the situation was different. First of all, gromyko, a CPSU senior diplomat who is famous for his tough thinking, was replaced by Shevardnadze (proved to be a separatist) from Georgia who had no diplomatic experience but had a strong sense of independence and separatism. Secondly, the Soviet Union unilaterally announced that it would stop nuclear testing for five months, and issued a statement on behalf of General Secretary Gorbachev on June 5438+0986+ 10/5, suggesting that the Soviet Union and the United States completely destroy nuclear weapons in three stages within 15. It was in this statement that Gorbachev first put forward a concept called "new thinking". This concept is no stranger to the United States. After Gorbachev became the general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, he repeatedly mentioned words such as peace, reconciliation and humanity, which were completely different from the previous general secretaries of the Soviet Union, which made Americans overjoyed. Gorbachev also said that he would write a book based on these ideas. Soon after the news came out, the United States responded. An American publishing company named Harper immediately demanded exclusive copyright. And repeatedly urged Gorbachev to finish the manuscript as soon as possible. Later, people saw that in Gorbachev's magnum opus entitled "Reform and New Thinking", except for the word "reform", the whole book was full of words such as humanity, democracy, freedom and equality, and there was little aggressive flavor such as adhering to socialism and opposing world hegemony. Moreover, he publicly declared that the socialism he wants to build is "democratic and humane socialism", and these words are in line with American tastes. This reminds Americans of 1960, when Khrushchev took off his leather shoes at the United Nations General Assembly, he rapped on the podium, pointed at the Americans' faces and said, "Socialism is replacing capitalism, and we want to bury you!" That terrible language. In front of the Soviet Union, * * * is like an inexperienced graduate student trained by an American university, walking around the world with a full head of dreams. What's more, Americans are happy to see CPSU dig its roots directly and spare no effort to deny Marxism-Leninism, so the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States suddenly became very hot. Goethe, who was delirious, even proudly said later: after the publication of his "Reform and New Thinking", the circulation in the United States reached an astonishing figure of 2 million copies.

1988 10, Gorbachev was invited to visit the United States. The American government attaches great importance to this visit, and all Gorbachev's activities in the United States are full of reconciliation, peace and trust. He delivered a peace speech at the United Nations forum and unilaterally announced that he would take 500,000 troops. The mainstream American public opinion spoke highly of Gorbachev's visit, and even his wife Raisa became an angelic beauty. Naturally, Americans have also carefully organized some activities to let Gorbachev see the American democratic system, which left a deep impression on Gorbachev and gave him a foundation for pursuing American democracy. The most interesting thing is the reaction of American news and world reports. They extracted some wonderful passages from Khrushchev's and Gorbachev's two UN speeches 28 years apart, and then skillfully woven them together to express their views in a rather implicit sentence: "Comparing the contents of the two speeches, people can see that Gorbachev completely buried the argument that Khrushchev was full of' we will bury you'." Americans seem to be quite satisfied with this Soviet Union, which has only liberal arts graduate students at most.

Just before Gorbachev boarded the rostrum of the United Nations, former US President Nixon wrote in his book 1999: Winning without a fight: "If we can't compete with Moscow, we will lose without a fight. Competition is the core of US-Soviet relations and will determine who will win the superpower war. " However, people seem to think that Gorbachev, who is well-read, seems to have never read this book, and he doesn't know that his opponents are plotting against him day and night. In the world competition, the Soviet Union, as a superpower, turned its thinking into an opponent overnight, and its words and deeds were not as good as those of France and Germany, even worse than those of small European countries such as Finland and Switzerland. The United States never wanted to give up the competition with the Soviet Union, but Gorbachev gave up first, or retreated.

Because the United States deliberately exaggerated Gorbachev's behavior and thoughts during his stay in the United States, Gorbachev obtained the greatest psychological satisfaction. After Gorbachev came back from the United States, he strengthened his belief in democracy, freedom and human rights and his determination to carry out Gorbachev's reform and reconcile with the United States. And directly targeted at the most sensitive political system in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev's democratization process in the Soviet Union was drastic, but Gorbachev refused to give the leadership of CPSU to the Soviet Union all the time, which made the United States somewhat helpless at that time, but the United States had patience to wait, and Americans thought that CPSU had no room to turn back on the wrong road. In particular, the internal division of CPSU is intertwined with the division of Soviet countries and nations, which has intensified under the slogan of reform and democracy, and the rampant spread of religion has fueled the mistakes made by CPSU. By September 1989, the reform had plunged the Soviet Union into a state of disintegration. Through the democratic elections advocated by Gorbachev, a large number of Democrats and ethnic separatists with different political views from the Soviet Union seized the leadership of some parts of the Soviet Union, and Yeltsin, a democratic fighter who fell out with Gorbachev, also won the post of chairman of the inter-regional parliamentary group in the whole Soviet Union through such elections. At this time, Americans saw the role of Yeltsin. They believe that Yeltsin will definitely become Gorbachev's biggest political opponent in the near future, and may replace Gorbachev as a figure in charge of the Soviet Union. Besides, Yeltsin's series of thoughts are completely based on the American system, and he can even be more Gorbachev than Gorbachev. Therefore, in order to further enhance Yeltsin's status, the US government sent Ye a private invitation to visit the United States. Strangely, this invitation was successfully approved by the Soviet government and the visit lasted for 9 days. From here, people feel that the political thinking of the Soviet Union and the government at that time was already very chaotic.

During his nine days in America, Yeltsin was as busy as a bee. He was widely interviewed by all walks of life in the United States and delivered as many as 15 speeches. US President George H.W. Bush also condescended to receive him personally. During his stay in the United States, Ye naively thought that the friendly attitude of the United States was a great help to him and a support for Russia's development, so on many occasions, he spoke out loud and slandered the political system of the Soviet Union and the history of nearly 70 years. Ye's behavior won the joy of Americans. This visit also added many political factors to Yeltsin's recognition as a democracy fighter and a national independence gang in the Soviet Union. He doesn't know that this is another important link for Americans to try to bring down the Soviet Union.

1990 10 Shortly after Yersin returned to China, he joined forces with members of the Soviet Union 175, unexpectedly established the CPSU democratic platform in Moscow, and launched a parade of 200,000 people in Moscow. The team even shouted the slogan "Down with CPSU". At this point, the division of CPSU is inevitable. In the immediately held all-Russian parliamentary elections, Yeltsin took safeguarding the interests of the Russian people and national sovereignty as the starting point, defeated two candidates proposed by the CPSU who stood on the standpoint of the whole Soviet Union, and was elected as the first chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. At the same time, the mayors of Moscow and Leningrad, the two largest and most important cities in the Soviet Union, were also obtained by democrats popov and sobchak respectively.

The US government reacted quickly to Yeltsin's victory. US Secretary of State Baker said in a speech: "Yeltsin was elected President of the Supreme Soviet of Russia. I don't want to belittle its significance to this important development. " The position of the United States is equivalent to giving Yeltsin the strongest support. At this time, Gorbachev, who was slow to respond, realized that things had got out of hand. He had to admit at the Russian delegates' meeting held on June 20th, 1990/kloc-0: "We underestimated the ethnic separatist forces and their capabilities hidden in our system, and they joined hands with populists to create an explosive situation. Those who are prepared to dismember the Soviet Union and chop him alive to sever the national economic ties established over the years do not understand that all this will inevitably weaken Russia itself, which is harmful to Russia. From this point of view, the political naivety of the Soviet Union and most Soviet people, as well as their self-rebellious psychology towards the real domestic politics, directly helped Gorbachev and helped the United States destroy a great country. When there is nothing to do, Gorbachev is very painful about the disintegration of the Soviet Union, because it also means that he will lose power at the same time. Americans have also seen this and are well aware of Gorbachev's mentality.

1July, 990, in the Soviet Union, CPSU, headed by Prime Minister Pavlov, Defense Minister Ya Zuo Fu, KGB Chairman Kruckov, Interior Minister Puge and others, was called a conservative figure, and planned to launch a series of coercive measures to save the Soviet Union and prepare to directly attack Gorbachev. Yeltsin is the second person to get rid of it after Gorbachev. This trend has naturally not escaped the eyes of Americans. They promptly disclosed the news to the new Soviet Foreign Minister Besmertnich, and to be on the safe side, US Secretary of State Baker directly informed Gorbachev and Yeltsin through the US ambassador to the Soviet Union. Americans certainly know that keeping Gorbachev, that is, keeping Yeltsin, at this time is equivalent to maintaining the status quo of the Soviet Union, and at the same time ensuring that the Soviet Union will continue on the road of collapse. A month later, the "8. 19" coup led by the above-mentioned people lasted only three days, but it failed because the troops defected. Yeltsin was "just" not in Moscow when the coup began. He was "visiting" Almaty, thousands of kilometers away from Moscow. The emergency committee failed to catch Yeltsin. After the coup began, Yeltsin rushed back to Moscow in time. In the process of putting down the coup, he showed great courage and almost no scruples. How do these things come together so skillfully? The coup soon failed, Gorbachev's presidency was temporarily saved, and Yeltsin naturally saved it. However, as Americans expected, the Soviet Union disintegrated shortly after that.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union did not finally satisfy Americans, and Russia under Yeltsin was still very strong. Destroying Russia is the ultimate goal of the United States.

199 1 years later, Yeltsin seems to have settled down in the position of Russian president. At this time, people found that there was always a young face around the president. His face is fair, chubby and gentle, just like a graduate student. He is 35-year-old Gaidar and strongly advocates "shock therapy" that brings disaster to Russia. At that time, he was the first deputy prime minister of Russia and actually exercised the functions and powers of the prime minister. After gaining the power of Russian president, Yeltsin immediately prescribed a prescription by a famous economist recommended by the United States in accordance with the requirements of the West and despite strong domestic opposition. (The United States also prescribed a similar prescription for China, but fortunately we rejected this poison! Under the guidance of Gaidar, Russia has fully implemented "shock therapy".

1at the beginning of 992, after arranging "shock therapy" in China, Yeltsin embarked on a journey to visit capitalist countries in Europe, America, Japan with a long bill, full of naive and stupid fantasies. 1 October 30th 65438+ Meeting with British Prime Minister Major, February 30th1Meeting with American President George H.W. Bush, February 4th meeting with Canadian Prime Minister maroni, February 6th meeting with French President Mitterrand, February 7th meeting with German Chancellor Kohl and February 26th meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. Yeltsin's only purpose in meeting these capitalist giants is to ask for money. Although Russia's economic foundation is still huge, after years of tossing by Gorbachev, nothing can be produced, and the domestic economic situation is very crisis. However, these calculating capitalist leaders seem to have unified their oral experience for a long time, unanimously demanding that they wait until they see the "effectiveness" of the Russian market economy before giving money. In other words, the west demands that the "shock therapy" being implemented in Russia be resolutely implemented.

The money promised by the west didn't come. (This is too common. Before the fall of Russia, the United States promised the Polish "Solidarity Alliance" to give the Oriental Group 654.38+00 billion US dollars in aid, but in the end there was not even 654.38+00 billion US dollars in aid. As a warning, Yeltsin turned a blind eye. The visit did not receive the expected effect. On the contrary, under the treatment of "shock therapy", Russia's economic situation plummeted: 1992 In the second half of the year, Russia's national income dropped by 20%; The gross output value of industry and agriculture decreased by 19% and10% respectively; Inflation is like a runaway horse, as high as 2200%. By the end of the year, the exchange rate of the ruble against the US dollar plummeted to 500:1; The national budget deficit rose to 64 19 billion rubles, the domestic social order was extremely chaotic, religious forces developed abnormally, ethnic conflicts were unprecedentedly fierce, and the national military strength was greatly weakened. The leadership struggle between the Russian president and parliament, the people's distrust of the president and the rapid expansion of separatist forces in Russia forced Yeltsin to give up his concern about the economy. Shortly after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia suffered another economic collapse. At this time, Yeltsin suddenly became insignificant in the eyes of western powers. Not only did no one come out to save the economic deterioration, but even China's suppression of the Chechen rebellion was strongly condemned by the West as inhuman and threatened to be punished. Yeltsin not only failed to become one of the important figures in the western world, but also risked his life. At the same time, he dragged a big country into the abyss of disaster.

From the above analysis, it is not difficult for us to draw a conclusion that the western forces led by the United States used various means to promote the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the Russian economy, so that this opponent, who had been a big headache for western countries, finally completely lost its ability to compete with the West. Nixon's prediction of "1999, winning without fighting" came true ahead of schedule. There are many profound lessons that deserve our deep thought.

After Gorbachev stepped down due to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, in an interview with a reporter from China recently, he frankly repented of the disintegration of the country and the economic collapse caused by his so-called reform that was divorced from reality. If history can be turned back, of course, it is best to start all over again. Ten years later, Gorbachev woke up to reality, although it was too late, but it was also rare.

It is understood that the former * * * has been defending his actions since he stepped down. He once said: "The purpose of my life is to eliminate communism that imposes unbearable dictatorship on the people." He also said: "I must remove all the leadership of CPSU and the Soviet Union, and I must remove the leadership of all socialist countries."

However, in this interview with China reporter Zheng Yang, things seem to have changed dramatically. He said: "I deeply understand that during the reform period, strengthening the party's leadership over the country and the reform process is the top priority of all issues. Here, I want to remind our friends in China through our painful mistakes: if a country or a political party completely denies its history and leaders, they will be helpless in the face of enemy attacks; If the party loses its leadership over society and reform, there will be chaos, which will be very dangerous. " Because this statement is quite different from his previous thoughts, it is difficult to judge whether it comes from one person. However, this latest statement does reflect the real situation in China after the reform and opening up. In the process of reform, China has made mistakes and repeated mistakes, and still faces many difficulties and problems. However, due to adhering to the party's leadership and the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, and properly handling the relationship between reform, development and stability, the reform has achieved great success, China's economy has achieved sustained and stable development, and the people of China have generally enjoyed the fruits of the reform. Gorbachev's other passage may more truly reflect his reflection on Russian reality:

"We opened the Soviet society unprepared. Under the cruel international competition, the domestic industry has been dealt a fatal blow. Few people get rich overnight, and the amount of money collected is second only to that of the American rich, while the number of extremely poor people far exceeds that of the Soviet Union. In this regard, China handled it very well. The coastal provinces and regions of China have developed rapidly, while the central and western regions have developed relatively slowly. China's call for the development of the western and northeastern regions is completely correct. " In fact, in today's Russia, this contrast and introspection is by no means limited to the past. From a series of changes such as the Russian government's decision to restore the melody of the Soviet national anthem "Unbreakable Alliance" to the Russian national anthem, President Putin's order to restore "Stalingrad", and Russian top leaders' proposal to use the red five-star in the Soviet era as the Russian military flag and national emblem, we can see that the policy of "drawing a clear line" with the former Soviet Union has come to an end. Faced with the huge gap with the overall strength of the former Soviet Union countries, these current officials really can't pretend to be winners. Any country has its unique national conditions, history and reality, and any policy or action that violates laws, is divorced from reality and splits history is hard to avoid being punished by reality.

Before Gorbachev repented, many so-called "dissidents" in the former Soviet Union were also rethinking. After comparing the changes in Russia after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, these people find it difficult to accept the outcome that they once shouted and struggled for. Professor Medvedev, who once sharply criticized the former Soviet Union, said helplessly in the face of Russia's rapid decline after disintegration: "There is no need to prove to anyone that the Soviet Union before Gorbachev came to power was much better than Russia now. Gorbachev left three legacies to future generations: first, the disintegration of the world power Soviet Union; Second, uncontrolled inflation; Third, 80% of people have entered the poverty line, and millions of poor people are living on the streets. " Maksimov, who once settled in Paris because of different political views, also expressed his feelings in the face of the present situation of the motherland: "If he had known that the books he wrote in the past would have such a result, he would not have written those books; If he had known that the Soviet ship would sink, he would not have shaken it. " These thoughtful heartfelt words are more frank and straightforward than Gorbachev's understanding. In any case, the future should be that Russia hopes that more people, especially those who cheered for the failed reform of the former Soviet Union, can seriously reflect, sum up the wrong lessons and re-explore the road to revitalization.

In contrast, the choice and achievements of China's reform road are encouraging. On the occasion of commemorating the100th anniversary of Comrade Xiaoping's birth, we cannot but express our respect and admiration for Comrade Xiaoping's key role in promoting and grasping the overall situation of China's reform. The wisdom and ability demonstrated by Comrade Xiaoping and China's collective leadership in handling complicated and ever-changing domestic and international affairs have indeed won recognition and praise from all countries in the world. There is another thing. Comrade Xiaoping is ambitious and far-sighted, and he has done his utmost to safeguard the unity of the party and the country, the prestige of Mao Zedong and the guiding position of Mao Zedong Thought. It has avoided the disintegration of the country and the party, the confusion of the Chinese nation, and the recurrence of "any country has its unique national conditions, history and reality, and it is difficult to avoid being punished by reality for any policies and actions that violate laws, are divorced from reality and split history" in China.