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Shen Peizhen's Anecdotal Allusions
What looked like a farce to the outside world was unbearable and had to be done by the female representatives who participated in it at that time. During the formulation of the Covenant Law, women's representatives repeatedly demanded that the content of equality between men and women be included in the Covenant Law, and demanded that the Constitution guarantee that men and women enjoy the same right to participate in politics. Sun Yat-sen also expressed verbal support to the female representatives. Unexpectedly, equality between men and women was excluded from the constitution in the end. In the eyes of the heroines of the Revolution of 1911, women risked their lives and sweated like men, and the revolutionary party also wrote the content of equality between men and women into its party program. The revolution was successful, and the male revolutionaries in power actually played the trick of kicking the bridge.
This series of events is called "women make a scene in the Senate". It caused some repercussions in the society, so that Lu Xun later mentioned in his essay "On Women's Liberation": "After the Revolution of 1911, the famous Ms. Shen Peizhen kicked down the guards at home in order to participate in the political power. However, I suspect that he fell by himself. If we men kick, he will definitely kick you back. This is a cheap place for women. " Although Mr. Lu Xun suspected that the guard himself fell, Shen Peizhen's fist and fist skills were really extraordinary. After Yuan Shikai took office as interim president, he adopted a more flexible, repressive and appeasing attitude towards women's participation in politics. When it was learned that Tang Qunying, Shen Peizhen and others were going north to petition with the Senate, Yuan Shikai called Premier Tang, arguing that women's participation in politics "can't come to the Republic of China, and women and others should not be forced", hoping that Tang could stop them from petitioning in Beijing "and allow them to nominate one or two representatives to Beijing without making them all go north to avoid various obstacles".
In contrast, the revolutionary party showed a more stubborn and rigid paternalistic tendency. 1965438+On March 3, 2002, the League was reorganized from an underground secret party organization into an open political party, and Article 5 of its platform clearly advertised "advocating equality of rights between men and women". In August of the same year, under the auspices of Song, Zhou and others, the League United the Republican Party, the Kuomintang, the China Progressive Alliance, the Democratic Progressive Alliance and the National Joint Conference to form the Kuomintang, a modern parliamentary party. In order to compromise with other parties in the process of reorganization and integration, they took the initiative to delete the platform clause of "advocating equal rights between men and women", which caused strong protests from some radical female members of the alliance.
1912 August 13, the group headquarters held a meeting to elect the director of the Kuomintang office. Female members Tang Qunying, Shen Peizhen and others made a hullabaloo about at the meeting, asking why the female members were not informed to attend, why the clause of "equal rights for men and women" was deleted from the party program, and denouncing Song for being fooled, willing to rebel against the party and acting arbitrarily, saying that he would be treated by force. It is indisputable that the average male member is depressed.
19 12 On August 25th, the Kuomintang held its inaugural meeting in Huguang Hall. Tang Qunying, Shen Peizhen, Wang and others came to the meeting again. They were "angry and angry" and asked why the platform of "equal rights for men and women" had been deleted. They believe that this move "failed the painstaking efforts of former members of the women's group" and strongly demanded the Kuomintang. The proposal was put to the general assembly for a vote on the spot, because only a few people expressed their support and it was not passed. In his speech, Dr. Sun Yat-sen specifically pointed out that the new platform of the Kuomintang did not include equal rights for men and women, which was the reason why the merged political parties did not agree. He believes that equal rights between men and women should be shelved and advises women to put state affairs first: "Equal rights between men and women are deeply justified. Although the platform is not included at this time, if the national civilization progresses, it will reach one of the equal rights; If there is no progress, it is that men are still afraid of losing equal rights. What about women? "
In the absence of a positive response from the people present, "Tang and others are still unwilling to pick up, saying that men privately give and receive, suppress women, and even question Sun (Zhongshan), but his words are irrelevant after all. Suddenly, Tang and others came to Song and sat on the ground, raising their hands to grasp the forehead and twisting Hu, but criticizing Song's cheek with their hands, and the crisp sound shook the roof tiles. Public opinion is awkward and denounces its rudeness. "
The above text is taken from Shanghai Shenzhou Daily1965438+August 28, 2002, News Report Chronicle of the Founding Conference of the Kuomintang. In the news report "Huguangguan 25th" of Shanghai Shenbao on August 3rd1Sunday, there was another introduction: "Ms. Tang held a young woman's hand and pinched Song's short hair, but criticized her cheek with her left and right hands, which made the audience dumbfounded."
19 12 September 1 Sunday, Shen Peizhen also delivered a speech at the "National Alliance for Women's Political Participation", feeling that women in China paid the price of their lives for the great cause of the Republic, but when the Republic was successful, they were excluded from revolutionary comrades and could not enjoy the happiness of a Republic. This combination of hard and soft measures still does not help. The provision of "equal rights between men and women" was not written into the platform of the Kuomintang, which left endless disappointment and resentment for women in the political Council. Shen Peizhen once said: "During the revolutionary period last year, as women other than revolutionary comrades, we were never abandoned. Why can't we women enjoy the happiness of the Republic today? " As soon as the voice fell, "the audience applauded like thunder." Recalling the revolution and participation in politics since 19 1 1, Shen Peizhen was deeply touched and hated men's ingratitude. She is determined to stop relying on men's strength and rely entirely on women themselves, starting with women's education and industry, and strive for political participation. On September 19, the Women's Federation Political Council held a meeting to welcome three representatives of the All-China Women's Federation Political Council: Mrs. Guardian, Mrs. Ma Kewei and Dr. Xie Cooper. After three speeches, Shen Peizhen first expressed her views. To participate in political power, three conditions must be met: (1) Complete education; (2) Developed women's industries; (3) Don't borrow men's protection. For the last one, Shen Peizhen slightly extended it: If you can't achieve the purpose of participating in politics, you must treat men with extreme means. What is extreme means is "unmarried people, stop not marrying men for ten years;" Married people don't talk to men for ten years. "
This sentence was very popular at that time and became the laughing stock in the newspaper. However, after the failure of women's participation in politics, it can actually represent some women's serious stance and decisive attitude towards men. If they were lucky enough to men at the beginning of the year, they had fully recognized the face of politicians: men and women, allies in the revolution, have now become enemies who can hardly coexist politically. Shen Peizhen's fierce words and sudden awakening can be regarded as the mentality of most women who fought for political participation in the early years of the Republic of China. A year later,1913165438+1October 4, Yuan Shikai ordered the dissolution of the Kuomintang in the name of the "second revolution" civil war launched by the Kuomintang. 165438+ 10 13, the Ministry of Internal Affairs officially cancelled the alliance of women's participation in politics on the pretext that "domestic economic law has a great influence in China, because the elementary school attached to it incites ignorant women to give lectures", which dealt a heavy blow to the movement of women's participation in politics in the early Republic of China. Tang Qunying, Wang, and others quickly retired, resigned as advisers to the presidential palace, and turned to practical activities such as running industries, running women's newspapers, and running women's schools. The movement of women's participation in politics gradually faded in the early years of the Republic of China. Shen Peizhen, who insisted on staying in Beijing, staged another feminist farce under the banner of "the president's protege".
Yuan Shikai was very polite to Shen Peizhen at first. He not only hired her as an adviser to the presidential palace, but also sent her to Suiyuan as a senior official of the general's office. However, this kind of scenery did not last long. She was quickly involved in a chaotic "scandal" and never stood up after being knocked down. Because she supported the restoration and made a serious line mistake, the Kuomintang would not protect her after turning over.
It was1965438+June 2005 that pushed Shen Peizhen to the forefront of public opinion. As a result, she was jailed for a lawsuit and lost her reputation for half her life, becoming a "female hooligan" attacked by the media.
The cause of the incident was that on June 1 day and June 2, Shenzhou Daily published the correspondent's newsletter "Shen Peizhen wakes up in the spring", which exposed the "gaffes" of Shen Peizhen, Si Liu's grandmother, Jiang Shuwan and Jiang Liang at the banquet. The most embarrassing episode for Shen Peizhen is that Jiang Liangsan bullies her to obey the drinking order and agrees to let Yang Guangfu sniff Shen Shi barefoot. Shen Peizhen turned against her on the spot, cursed and left. However, "Shenzhou Daily" talks a lot and describes it badly, and thinks it can be regarded as an erotic novel. This report aroused the anger of several female clients. Shen Peizhen asked Wang Pengnian, president of the Beijing branch of the newspaper, to apologize, but Wang turned a deaf ear, so the women decided to go to the Nanhengjie branch of the newspaper to find Wang Pengnian. Congressman Liu Chengyu witnessed the whole incident and testified as a witness. Its memory is very vivid:
(Wang Pengnian) Hearing the news, he closed the door and tried to avoid it. Pei Zhen and others went straight into the hall, smashed everything, insulted and sat in Sopennian. Guo, a representative of Jiangxi, took his little wife to live in Wang's study ... According to Pei Zhen's theory, he led people to destroy Guo's room. Guo Nai scolded all the women barefoot. Women swarmed, some holding their hair, some holding their ears and noses, some twisting their left and right hands, some holding their left and right feet, such as holding a baby and shouting "get out", which surrounded Guo completely.
19 15 In the farce on the night of June, Wang Pengnian was safe and sound. Comrade Guo scolded his daughter for being humiliated and refused to accept mediation from others, and took Shen Peizhen, Jiang Shuwan, Grandma Si Liu and others to the local trial hall in Beijing. After trial, Guo took Shen Peizhen to court, and Shen Peizhen was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, sent to the first prison for execution, and compensated 40 yuan for the damaged goods.
What is worth pondering is the role played by the press in this incident. What Shen Peizhen and others did in Awakening Spring Residence was first disclosed by Shenzhou Daily. This long report is full of fragrance and imagination. In order to vilify the image of the client, the author used novel brushwork in many places, with obscene tone. To some extent, as Shen Peizhen said in her opinion, "not only is it fabricated out of nothing to pollute the people, but it is also a repeated construction of obscene words for the public." The conflict was ultimately decided by the trial and could not be separated from the media. After the incident of female soldiers breaking into the streets at night, Shen Peizhen asked several dignitaries to mediate, and Guo Tong expressed his understanding. "It is not enough to care about such ignorant women. If they can feel shame and regret, they should not be lenient." However, public opinion in Beijing did not want to stop there, pointing the criticism at Shen Peizhen and encouraging legal solutions: "The Beijing press and Guo, a kindred spirit, did not give in under the attack of British women and were deeply ridiculed." Guo Tong "heard about the political pursuit and felt the excitement of public opinion, so he decided to sue the local procuratorate." It can be said that the guidance of public opinion has wrapped up the trend of this case.
Regarding the cause and effect of this incident, Liu Chengyu, an elder of the League, has a more vivid and exaggerated narrative in Miscellanies of the World Hall: the feminist movement in Yuan Shikai's era was quite active, which can be roughly divided into three categories. First, the former inspector of Beiyang Women's College, that is, the aristocratic school represented by President Lv Bicheng, boasts lofty ideals. The Beiyang Women's Normal School, where Shen Peizhen once attended, was established under the auspices of Yuan Shikai, governor of Zhili and his cronies Yan Xiu, Lu Muzhai and Fu Zengxiang, and the teacher-student relationship between Shen Peizhen and Yuan Shikai also came from this. The second is an active political activist with quiet students as the leader. The third is the strength faction headed by Shen Peizhen, whose main members are dozens of people such as Grandma Si Liu, Mrs. Wang San and Jiang Shuwan. In the middle of Shen Peizhen's business card is written "Shen Peizhen, a proté gé of the President", and next to it is written "Originally from Huangpi, originally from Xiangshan, now a rural city", which means that she and Li from Huangpi, Hubei, Sun Yat-sen from Xiangshan, Guangdong and Yuan Shikai from Xiangcheng, Henan are fellow villagers. At that time, she also worshipped Jiang Chaozong, the Nine Magistrates, as michel platini, and Duan, Yuan Shikai's confidant, as an uncle. All the dignitaries in the presidential palace were deeply impressed. Dignitaries also use them to seduce and introduce "people with lofty ideals" for fun, and the guards can't help it when the lake boat goes in and out of Xinhua Palace. Jiang Chaozong set up a general office in the central city for his adopted daughter, with secretaries and officers, with Shen Peizhen as the director of the office. After work, Duan and other dignitaries will come to Shenyang for reception, and all the civil and military officials seeking a position will enter the door. At that time, there was a magnificent garden villa in Dongsiqitiao, Beijing, which was the private residence of Wei Xiao, the former general of Chengdu, the governor of Sichuan and the minister of internal affairs. After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, Kuijun's family set aside a part of the stage garden and rented it to businessmen to open a "Xingchunju" restaurant. Because of the success of the garden here, bureaucrats, politicians and celebrities often regard it as an "elegant collection". 1965438+One day at the turn of spring and summer in 2005, Shen Peizhen invited a group of boring friends to give a banquet in Wake Up in Spring. The banquet was arranged in the open space beside the rockery, and more than 30 male and female guests indulged in eating and drinking. Among them, someone suggested that "you beautiful women should sit on your feet, and your round skin is as smooth as washing grease." You can use' smelly feet' as the order of drinking, according to the route of drinking, that is, these three words should be written coherently and idioms should be used. If you can't do it, you will be punished according to the number of drinks in Chunju (a glass of Shaoxing wine) and smell your feet once. "Only one Japanese male guest didn't smell smelly feet, and the first male guest who smelled smelly feet was the eldest son of Prince Yi Kuang of Qing Dynasty. Some male guests regard kissing as a great blessing and are deliberately punished for smelling their feet. After the incident was reported in Shenzhou Daily, Shen Peizhen became angry from embarrassment and asked the newspaper owner Wang Pengnian to clarify and plead guilty. Wang Pengnian not only refused to accept it, but also continued to expose his privacy in newspapers, involving Jiang Chaozong, Duan and others. So, Shen Peizhen led twenty or thirty women soldiers, such as Grandma Si Liu and Miss Jiang San, together with a dozen soldiers, such as Jiang Chaozong and michel platini, to Wang Pengnian's home in Nanheng Street. Wang Pengnian got the news and led his family to escape in time. Congressman Guo Tong, who stayed at home, stood up to argue with Shen Peizhen. He was beaten up as a scapegoat and even his belt was broken. Liu Chengyu, also a member of Congress, happened to pass by at the banquet. When he saw Guo Tong covered in mud, carrying pants to scold Shen Peizhen and others, he played a joke on Guo Tong. Shen Peizhen saw Liu Chengyu, quickly called the crowd to get out of the way and asked him to come near. While mediating, Huang, the general of the Nine Counties, came over and said, "Wang Pengnian will never leave here unless he shows up tonight." Liu Chengyu said, "What's wrong with you wearing a military uniform and leading a team to hit people? The president knew that Jiang Chaozong would be punished. "The next day, all parties concerned entrusted dignitaries to mediate, but Jiang Chaozong still said that Shenzhou Daily insisted on publishing wine as a gift. Egged on by the masses, Guo Tong sued Shen Peizhen in the Capital District Court to correct the beating of the masses. Both Wang Pengnian and Liu Chengyu were listed as witnesses. Puyi, who is closely related to Liu Chengyu, wrote a doggerel "Xinhua Zhi Zhu Ci" and published it in Shanghai Hour:
The most naughty Wang Shouchen wakes up in spring and smells his feet to remember the truth.
Who dares to type shenzhou newspaper? Shen Peizhen, the president's protege.
If a glass of wine fails to mediate, Guo Tong will sue the local city hall.
In the forum, there are pockmarked Liu and witnesses who muddle through.
This is Wang Pengnian, and Pockmarked Liu refers to a pockmarked face. It is said that the result of this case was Guo's complaint, and Shen Peizhen was sentenced to six months in prison. Shen cried in court and said, "I was told to go to China to fight, but I suffered."
In the Shanghai Times, in addition to Pu Yicheng's Zhuzhi Ci, there is also a poem "dengshikou is full of cars, Miss Zhu San is in the limelight". Yuan Shikai was quite angry when he read the poem above, and said, "It's not good to go to female wind." So Xia and Su Zhengshi got a passbook to "rectify the discipline of boudoir", exhorting their daughters to be strictly bound and severely punishing Shen Peizhen. Jiang Chaozong and others did not dare to show up, and Yin Chaozhen, the local trial director, did not dare to overstock and tried the case quickly.
Looking up the documents of that year, the verdict given by Yin Chaozhen, the director of Beijing local trial, was that Shen Peizhen was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, sent to Shi Jing No.1 prison for execution, and compensated 40 yuan for property losses. Liu Chengyu's works include such bizarre and vivid descriptions as "Shen Peizhen, the president's favorite pupil" in the middle of the business card and "Huang Bei, originally from Xiangshan, now Xiangcheng" beside it, most of which are fabricated by him. In this sensational women's rights case, Shen Peizhen, who is persistent and blindly pursuing women's rights, actually acted as a male doll who suffered from crazy consumption and collective injury, "only men are allowed to set fire, but women are not allowed to light lamps"; Liu Chengyu, an old revolution, acted as a feminist killer, inciting and inspiring the lowest and most obscene collective carnival mood in the patriarchal society. In all fairness, Shen Shi himself is also a victim. Her reputation was not only defiled, but also put in prison, thus losing Yuan's power to provide shade. Shen Peizhen, who is single and lonely, finally showed her weakness, which is exactly what onlookers want to see. According to the introduction of many newspapers at that time, Shen Peizhen confessed to thousands of people in court with tears: "If I connect my contemporaries in series and deliberately frame them, my reputation will be ruined. You are interested in watching jokes and have no conscience. " Although some people expressed sympathy under the court, they were immediately criticized by others: "If not, where can we watch this excitement?" -There is a saying that can explain the psychology of the author and readers and the fuzziness of "social justice" upheld by modern media.
As an old revolutionary, Liu Chengyu was fully aware of her role as a feminist killer in the whole incident. In this regard, he quoted the article "Examining the Report on Combating China" published by Beijing Shuntian Times, which is the most conclusive evidence:
Shen Peizhen led men and women to attack Shenzhou newspaper, Wang Pengnian fled, Guo Tong sued the local court, collected a bunch of witnesses and held a big trial in the criminal court. Officials below the deputy ministers of various ministries and commissions in the capital, as well as thousands of people heard in the society, boarded the building. Yin Chaozhen appeared in court for trial, first, then Shen Peizhen, then witness Wang, and then witness Liu. Yin said, "Take an oath first and testify according to the facts." Liu Yue said: "To tell the truth, men and women swore at each other that day, and the state was ugly and unbearable. Telling the truth, is it illegal to violate the law? " The man riding upstairs shouted, "Don't be surprised, don't be surprised." Yin nailed the oath and Liu told the truth. What Yi Yin said is too ugly. Liu Yue said, "The president won't listen, so there is no need to talk about breaking the law." The people in the arcade shouted again, "Go on, it's not illegal."
19 15 is the year of China's traditional lunar calendar. Hu, a poet of Nanshe, especially recited Shen Peizhen's way in Miscellaneous Poems:
At that time, flowers were blooming, after all, Chunhua was gone.
After the return of the Eastern Emperor, solitary flowers do not avoid strong winds.
This poem means that the early years of the Republic of China were the days when women's rights developed. The feminist cause pursued by Shen Peizhen and others is only in spring, not in autumn. It is only suitable for joining in the fun during the climax of the 1911 Revolution. Once the Revolution of 1911 is successful, those old comrades of the revolutionary party who are full of deep-rooted patriarchal ideology will not share the revolutionary achievements with other China people, including Yuan Shikai. In particular, they are unwilling to share political power with more disadvantaged women in accordance with the modern jurisprudence of democratic constitutionalism and pluralistic republic. Shen Peizhen, who insists on pursuing women's liberation and women's participation in politics, is like a lonely flower in late spring. In the storm of the whole patriarchal society, she seems to be alone and doomed to failure.
Shen Peizhen's imprisonment marked her downfall under Yuan Shikai's rule and her political demise. With the fall of Yuan, Shen Peizhen's identity became more and more embarrassing. In Yu Xing magazine, an article described 19 16 "the real situation of Shen Peizhen in Beijing" with the words "unstable standing, fast boarding and sleepy walking" in The West Chamber, from which we can see her identity crisis and the life problems she will face again after she is released from prison. After three months in prison, Shen Peizhen quickly left Yuan Shikai's Beijing government, which planned Hongxian monarchy, instead of being the so-called "Hongxian female minister" as Liu Chengyu smeared. 1965438+On July 6, 2007, Sun Yat-sen, aged 5/kloc-0, left Shanghai and went south to Guangzhou. /kloc-in September, 2000, he was elected as Marshal Lu Haijun of the Republic of China by Guangzhou Special Congress. Shen Peizhen then went to Guangzhou to join Sun Yat-sen's military government of the Republic of China. During this period, she met with Senator Wei.
Wei was born in Jintan County, Shaoyang, Hunan Province (now Longhui County). He was the third son of Wei Guangtao, an important official who served as the governor of Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Liangjiang and Fujian and Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty. 1902 studied at Chengcheng Army School in Tokyo, Japan, and later joined the League. 1965438+elected to the house of representatives at the end of 2002. 19 17 was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the Senate of the Grand Marshal's Office in September. During this period, he took a photo as an engagement and married Shen Peizhen freely at the East Asia Hotel on the north bank of the Pearl River in Guangzhou. A few months later, Wei abandoned Shen Peizhen, and Shen Peizhen sued the law for "refusing to marry". This case once became a news hotspot that sensationalized the whole country. However, public opinion is concerned about Wei's male power charm and male power consumption as a member of parliament and official's family: "I heard that Wei was the son of a former governor of the Qing Dynasty, and he was a member of parliament. No wonder Shen Peizhen is unwilling to give up. "
1918165438+1On October 27th, the Guangzhou Local Records Office heard the case publicly, which attracted more than 100 people to watch. Many people stood outside the court without seats. The plaintiff, Shen Peizhen, stood proudly in the middle of the court, dressed in Xuan satin culottes and wearing a golden mirror, just like an intellectual woman. Like 19 15 v. Shen Peizhen, this case of Shen Peizhen v. Wei is still a collective carnival legal farce in which male despots openly consume disadvantaged women. Shen Peizhen took out a pair of couplets given to her by Wei as proof of marriage proposal. Lawyer Huang defended Shen Peizhen, saying that the word "around the beam" in the couplet contains the meaning of the case and can indeed be used as evidence of marriage proposal. Li, Wei's attorney, publicly claimed that Shen was called "Mr." in the above paragraph, which is the name of a male prostitute in Shanghai. No husband called his wife "Mr." ... Shen Peizhen protested against the other party's insulting personality, but lawyer Li advised her: "Physical relationship and marriage are definitely two different things. I don't know how many people have physical relations between men and women instead of husband and wife, and it must not be considered as marriage because of physical relations. Who can prove the existence of physical relationship? " Shen Peizhen scolded lawyer Li in court: "Besides marriage, what is the physical relationship?" He also confessed that he was a virgin and was insulted by Wei and could not marry anyone else. If you can't get married, take the coffin to the court to confess your death. Then you will start crying loudly, and the judge will have to rush into it and announce his withdrawal.
The case of Shen Peizhen v. Wei's marriage and love has experienced many twists and turns. Finally, the judge ruled that the two parties in this case are cohabiting, with no contract documents and no children. Both parties can break up at any time, which is completely different from the formal relationship between husband and wife. The case was dismissed and inadmissible. The legal fees shall be borne by the plaintiff Shen Peizhen, and no trouble shall be caused thereafter, otherwise it will be punished according to law.
After hearing the verdict, Shen Peizhen painfully walked out of the court, stayed in the parliamentarian's guest house for a few days, and sat in Room 1 waiting for Wei. Wei's colleagues told me that they had to move to another place to avoid harassment. One day, two people met on the road. Shen Peizhen twisted Wei's theory and pestered the other party to the police station. After carefully inquiring about the situation, the county magistrate reprimanded Shen Peizhen and gave him three days to leave the country, otherwise he would be arrested and sent to the office. Shen Peizhen, who failed in marriage and love, had to leave the national revolutionary base camp and could not protect her basic rights.
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