Which country is Denmark?

Denmark, one of the five Nordic countries, is a constitutional monarchy with two autonomous territories, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The north faces Sweden and Norway across the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, collectively known as Scandinavian countries. The south is bordered by Germany, the capital and the largest city, Copenhagen. [1] A unified kingdom was formed around 985 AD, and the Viking heyday was formed in the 8th ~1/century. 14th century, it became one of the European powers. 1June, 397, under the leadership of Queen Margaret I, it formed the Kalmar Alliance with Sweden and Norway and became the leader of the Alliance. The first national flag in the world is the Danish flag born in 12 19, which is called "the power of the Danes". [1] Denmark is a highly developed capitalist country, a founding member of NATO and a member of the European Union. It has an extremely perfect social welfare system, a highly developed economy, a very small gap between the rich and the poor, and citizens enjoy a very high quality of life.

Around 10000 BC, people began to live in jutland, and they hunted for a living.

From 4200 BC to around 3400 BC, people who settled in this area entered the Neolithic Age, reclaiming land and cultivating agriculture. It entered the bronze age around 400 BC.

Piracy period

Danes are good at sailing and often go south to the Roman Empire to exchange amber and flint for grain and other utensils. They are often businessmen and thieves, who rob at sea in summer.

In 793 AD, Danish pirates attacked the British island of Lindisfarne. Since then, Danish pirates have invaded England more and more. Danish pirates occupied London in 87 1 year. In 878, King Alfred the Great of England made peace with Danish pirates, and England was divided equally between the two sides. Danish immigrants established the "Danish area" in the northeast of England. 10 16, King Knut the Great of Denmark captured the whole of England and established the "North Sea Empire" covering most of Norway, England, Scotland and southern Sweden. The empire collapsed on 1042.

1After the middle of the 2nd century, Valdemar I (reigning1157 ~1182) established a powerful feudal dynasty with absolute monarchy, and occupied Estonia, the area north of the Elbe River and Gotland Island through wars of aggression.

1397, the Kalma Conference was held under the auspices of Queen Margaret I of Denmark (1353 ~ 14 12). Denmark, Sweden and Norway have formed an alliance, and Denmark is in the dominant position. The Kalmar Union lasted 126 years. The former Norwegian territories Greenland and Faroe Islands were handed over to Denmark. During this period, Denmark continued to expand overseas to break the economic rule of Hanseatic League on the Baltic Sea. After a long war, Denmark annexed Schleswig and Holstein. The long war cost Denmark a lot of money, which led to an increase in tax revenue. The annexation of land by wealthy nobles caused peasant riots.

/kloc-In the middle of 0/4th century, the Black Death claimed nearly half of the population. In order to quell discontent and unrest, King Christian 1 (reigned from 1448 to1year) convened a four-level meeting in 1468 to seek support. But riots continue, especially in Sweden. Christian II (15 13 to 1523) personally conquered Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, which was occupied by Swedish separatists in 1520, and slaughtered a large number of Swedish nobles who participated in the rebellion, which triggered the Darana uprising. 1523, the Danish army was defeated and Sweden declared its independence. Since then, Denmark has competed with Sweden for control of the Baltic Sea and its surrounding areas for many times, such as 1563 ~ 1570' s Northern Seven-Year War and1~13' s Kalmar War, but all previous wars ended in failure.

During the Thirty Years' War, the situation in Denmark was even worse, and all the territory of 1657 was occupied by Sweden. Later, it was defeated by Sweden in the Scania War of 1675 ~ 1679 and the Northern War of 1709 ~ 1720. Due to the weakening of national strength, Denmark avoided being involved in the chaotic disputes on the European continent at that time. Denmark remained neutral or avoided interference in the Seven Years' War, the Anglo-French War (1766 ~ 1783) and the early days of the French Revolution.

Denmark's shipping industry and overseas trade are very developed, and its merchant fleet ranks second in Europe after Britain, with a considerable fleet. /kloc-At the end of 0/6, Denmark established the East India Company, with colonies in the West Indies and Guinea. 1767, Denmark announced that it had formed an "armed neutral alliance" with Russia and Sweden, and was granted immunity during the American War of Independence. During the French Revolution, Denmark was once again neutral, and Britain declared war and launched the Copenhagen War 180 1 (see color map). 1807, the fleet led by horatio nelson was sent to Shell Copenhagen, and the Danish navy was completely annihilated. Denmark turned to support Napoleon I and formed an alliance with France against Britain during the period of 1807 ~ 18 14. After Napoleon's defeat, King Bernardote of Sweden took Norway from Denmark.

The development of capitalism

Years of war have greatly damaged Denmark's economy, especially agriculture. The government had to reform to limit the privileges of landlords and nobles. Denmark changed farmers' compulsory labor system into tenancy system in 1799 and Schleswig and Holstein in 1804, thus ending farmers' personal dependence on landlords since the Middle Ages. In order to alleviate financial difficulties, Denmark sold its colonies in West India and Guinea. It was not until the middle of19th century that the financial situation improved.

Due to the influence of German nationalism and the direct intervention of Prussia, the situation in Schleswig and Holstein was turbulent, and an uprising broke out in 1848, demanding to leave Denmark and merge into the German Federation. Denmark fought with these two principalities for nearly three years, and finally won when Prussia stopped marching into Schleswig, and saved these two principalities. 1864, Denmark announced that Schleswig was merged into Denmark and separated from Holstein, so Prussia joined Austria to intervene. After Denmark failed, it signed the Vienna Peace Treaty and ceded Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia and Austria.

Under the influence of the democratic movement in France, Germany and other European countries in 1848, the Danish Constituent Assembly promulgated the constitution, abolished the absolute monarchy, changed it to a constitutional monarchy, and implemented universal suffrage with property restrictions. 1870 the left-wing party representing the interests of the rich peasants was established. 187 1 year, the Danish Social Democratic Party was established, with trade unions all over the country. At the end of 19, Danish industrialization developed rapidly, and shipbuilding, telecommunications and manufacturing industries began to take shape. The village cooperative system in rural areas has been replaced by cooperative system, and agriculture has developed in the direction of specialization and become one of the world's agricultural powers.

During the world war

During the First World War, Denmark carried out the policy of neutrality, and later, at the request of Germany, mined and blocked the waters of the Songde and Bert Strait. After Germany surrendered, Denmark demanded a referendum in Schleswig to solve the ownership problem. 1920, the northern part of Schleswig returned to Denmark by referendum.

1924 Danish social democratic party formed the government for the first time. Faced with the thorny unemployment problem and economic depression, the Social Democratic Party government was forced to resign after two years in power. 1929 during the great recession, the social democratic party won the general election and formed a cabinet with the radical left party. Since then, except for a few short-term failures, the Social Democratic Party has been forming a cabinet alone or jointly until the 1970s. Economically, the Great Depression of 1930s also spread to Denmark, and the unemployment rate reached 40% at 1933. The government devalued the currency to stimulate exports. 1933 and 1934 successively signed agricultural products agreements with Britain and Germany, and agricultural production was adjusted accordingly, alleviating the impact of economic depression.

Before the outbreak of World War II, Denmark did not get involved in disputes on the European continent and accepted the non-aggression treaty proposed by Germany in 1939. However, fascist Germany was treacherous and launched a large-scale attack on April 9 1940, and the Danish government announced its surrender on the same day. 194 1 year, Greenland, Iceland and Faroe Islands were occupied by the US military and lost contact with Denmark. 1944 Iceland became independent and Greenland and Faroe Islands returned to Denmark.

During the Second World War, the Danish people, under the leadership of the Freedom Committee, Land and People, launched a struggle against fascist Germany and their own Nazis in various ways. With the intensification of German rule and search, the scale of struggle is getting bigger and bigger, from small-scale sabotage to large-scale sabotage and general strike. Underground resistance organizations not only operate in Denmark, but also set up an armed force "Danish battalion" consisting of 5,000 people in Sweden. 1On May 4th, 945, the German occupation forces surrendered.

1947 Denmark accepts Marshall plan. Denmark joined the European Economic Cooperation Organization in April 1948, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in April 1949 and Council of Europe in May.

1950 May 1 1 Denmark established diplomatic relations with China.

1953, Denmark revised its constitution again, stipulating that Denmark has a constitutional monarchy and a unicameral parliament. Actively develop Nordic foreign cooperation. 1973 joined Europe. The Queen of Denmark is Margrethe II (1972). 1982, P.H. Schroeder was appointed Prime Minister. [4]

20 15 On March 28th, Denmark joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

natural environment

Regional position

The Kingdom of Denmark is located on the jutland at the northwest end of the European continent. It faces the Baltic Sea in the east, the North Sea in the west, Norway and Sweden across the Skagrakir Strait, kattegat and the Oresund Strait in the north and German in the south.

The mainland consists of 406 islands including Jutland, Feiying Island, Xilan Island and Bornholm Island, covering an area of 43,096 square kilometers. In addition, Greenland (with an area of 2 1 75,000 square kilometers) and the Faroe Islands (with an area of 1399 square kilometers and consisting of 21islands) have officially become their territories since 1953. The coastline is 73 14 km long.

topography

The terrain is low and flat, with an average elevation of about 30 meters. The western part of jutland is an ice-water sedimentary plain with ups and downs. There are wide beaches along the North Sea coast, and bushes grow on the sand dunes. The sea breeze is blowing gently and the scenery is charming. This is a tourist attraction. Eastern and central jutland is one of the most typical areas in Europe to study glacial sedimentary topography. The vast hills almost run through the whole peninsula, and the gullies in Wan Jia and the east coast pass through it. Some gullies are wide and long, with very dangerous walls and winding rivers flowing at the bottom of the valley. The east coast is not directly impacted by strong winds and waves, so it is well protected, so many deep bays and excellent ports have been formed, such as aalborg Port, Philippine Port and Aarhus Port. The middle of the peninsula is full of swamps, lakes and protruding hills.