What's the use of dandelion?

Dandelion. ), also known as Veronica, Huangmiao, Huangdi and Milk Grass, is a perennial herb of Taraxacum in Compositae. It was first seen in Tang Materia Medica, saying that "Pugong grass has leaves like chicory, yellow flowers and white juice, and everyone spits it." Sun Simiao's Thousand Golden Formulas is the masterpiece, Su Song's Illustration of Materia Medica is the servant, and the Compendium of Materia Medica contains dandelion, saying, "There are many places in the north and south of the Yangtze River, but there are also other places, and there is nowhere in Lingnan. Small Cobb land, scattered and born. The stems, leaves, flowers and flocs are similar to chicory, but the ears are small, the seedlings are tender and edible. "

The edible value, medicinal value and nutritional value of dandelion have been highly evaluated and affirmed in Compendium of Materia Medica, Cihai and medical codes of past dynasties. Dandelion contains many nutrients such as dandelion alcohol, choline, organic acid, inulin, glucose, Vc, Vd and carotene. At the same time, it is rich in trace elements, the most important of which is a large number of minerals needed by the human body, such as iron and calcium. Its calcium content is 2.2 times that of guava, 3.2 times that of Rosa roxburghii, 4 times that of Rosa roxburghii and 3.5 times that of hawthorn. From the point of view of edible nutrition, the only inorganic elements most easily lacking in human body are calcium and iron. Therefore, dandelion has very important nutritional value. Studies in the United States and Japan found that the high nutritional value of dandelion is very rare in nature, and it is a high-dimensional nutritious vegetable. Dandelion food has become popular in America and Japan. Modern medical research shows that it has the functions of "anti-virus, anti-infection and anti-tumor" and has attracted international attention.

Dandelion is a perennial herbaceous wild plant of Compositae, milky white, and is known as one of the Eight donkey kong. It is not only a kind of health food with high nutrition, but also widely used in chemical industry, medicine and other industries, and has a very broad market prospect. The edible part is tender seedlings or leaves, which can be eaten raw or fried, washed and made into soup or cold salad. Dandelion is a whole plant, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving pain and resolving hard mass. At the same time, it is also a good raw material for making drinks, canned food, scented tea and cosmetics. Dandelion grows wild on roadsides, ditches, houses, wasteland, fields and hilly areas. With strong adaptability, it is deeply loved by people and has become an increasingly popular wild vegetable. Dandelion can also be cultivated artificially to meet the market demand. In recent years, a certain area of artificial domestication has been cultivated in some areas of China, and a set of practical cultivation techniques has been explored.

Dandelion breeding ground

Dandelion has been a popular seasonal wild vegetable for thousands of years. In recent years, with the in-depth study of its development and utilization value, it has changed from a wild vegetable in the past to a delicious dish on the table of hotels and restaurants. In particular, the confirmation of its health care function has attracted the attention of medical experts and nutrition experts. Recently, the Ministry of Health has listed dandelion as one of the homologous varieties of medicine and food, and a number of medical and health products have also appeared. Coupled with the application in traditional Chinese medicine, the great economic value of dandelion is fully reflected. Therefore, in addition to collecting wild resources, artificial cultivation of dandelion is also quietly emerging.

Botanical characteristics

Dandelion is a perennial herb with similar characteristics. The root system is straight, the taproot is stout, the depth of human soil is below 1m, and the root is regenerative. After cutting off the roots, new roots can grow, such as stemless, basal leaves, rosette-like, entire or retropinnate or harp-pinnate compound leaves, erect scape, sparse or dense spider silk hairs, solitary head at the top of the scape, and bell-shaped or cylindrical involucre.

Biological properties

Dandelion has strong adaptability, and is extremely cold-resistant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, acid-base resistant and barren. It can germinate when the local temperature reaches L ~ 2℃, and its roots overwinter in the open field and can tolerate the low temperature of -40℃. But I like cold, humid and sunny climate conditions. In the humid environment of shady slope, the leaves are spread, fat and dark green, and in the sunny and dry place, the leaves contract, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20 ~ 22℃. Dandelion seeds can float to every corner with the wind when they are mature, which determines the universality of their distribution. Widely distributed in China, born in fields, wasteland, hillside, roadside, grassland, forest edge ditch, beach sand and so on. It can grow in many types of soil, and it will grow more vigorously in places with deep soil layer, fertile soil and wet forest edge ditch.

Distribution of dandelion resources

Many countries in the world, such as the United States, France, Japan and Russia, have wild or planted dandelions. Dandelion is more widely distributed in China. Dandelion grows in many places in North China, Central China, East China and Northeast China in spring, summer and autumn, in fields, roadsides, hillsides and in front of houses. More and more units or individuals cultivate dandelion artificially. The development and utilization of dandelion have broad prospects.

Use of dandelion

1. Dandelion has high medicinal value. Dandelion can cure diseases, which has long been recorded in ancient books. For example, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica said, "If a woman's breast is swollen, boil it with water, sweat it, seal it, and it will disappear immediately. Remove food toxin, qi stagnation, heat toxin, malignant swelling and tuberculosis, treat swelling ... blackening hair and strengthening bones and muscles. White juice: just apply evil thorns and fox urine thorns. " Modern medicine also confirms that dandelion has high medicinal value. Triterpenoid alcohols in its roots are dandelion sterol, dandelion, dandelion bitter, caffeic acid, inulin and pectin. The whole plant contains inositol, asparagine, bitter substances, saponins, resin, inulin, pectin and choline; These flowers contain Ranunculin and vitamin B2. Dandelion has certain bactericidal effect on staphylococcus aureus resistant strains, hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus, meningococcus, diphtheria bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, typhoid bacillus and dysentery bacillus. For a long time, a large number of facts have proved that dandelion is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, which is sweet, bitter and cold in nature. It has many functions, such as clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating carbuncle and resolving hard mass, diminishing inflammation, cooling blood, diuresis, promoting gallbladder function, relaxing bowels, strengthening stomach and preventing cancer. Indications: acute mastitis, mumps, lymphadenitis, scrofula and furuncle, acute conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, common cold and fever, acute tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, acute and chronic appendicitis, urinary system infection, osteomyelitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, duodenal ulcer, acne, etc. Its prescription is widely circulated among the people, and I have also published many medical books, newspapers and magazines.

2. Dandelion has a good therapeutic effect. Dandelion, whether wild or cultivated, is a nutritious special vegetables. The edible part of fresh dandelion accounts for about 84%, and each 100g edible part contains 4.8g of protein, 5.0g of sugar, 2. 1g of crude fiber, 2 16.0mg of calcium, 93.0mg of phosphorus. Dandelion is not only nutritious, but also has high medicinal value. Therefore, it is not an ordinary special vegetables, but a precious diet vegetable. How to eat? There is a saying in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Dandelion tender seedlings are edible, and eating them raw is particularly good for treating infectious diseases." It can be seen that dandelion can be fried and eaten, and it can also be used as a cold salad. Of course, it can also be combined with other dishes and condiments to make a variety of dietotherapy products with good color and fragrance. For example, dandelion fried shredded pork, because dandelion has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and resolving hard mass, and pork has the functions of nourishing yin and moistening dryness, tonifying middle warmer and benefiting qi, can be made into dishes by combining the two, which not only tastes delicious, but also provides a variety of nutrients, so it can be used for dietotherapy for colds, gastritis, cough and hematochezia to treat toxic sores and swelling. Dandelion combined with garlic can be used for dietotherapy of acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, acute conjunctivitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, hepatitis, sores, swelling and carbuncle. Dandelion and mung bean soup can treat a variety of inflammation, urinary tract infection, constipation and so on. In addition, manufacturers can also make dandelion into dandelion coffee, dandelion drinks and a variety of health foods by deep processing, which can not only achieve good economic benefits, but also benefit people's health and promote the development of dandelion industry. It's really a win-win situation.

3. Dandelion has certain beauty function. Dandelion is not only rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value, but also a good food therapy and treatment, and is also widely used in beauty. Whether there is dry skin, oily skin, aging skin, freckles, pigmented spots, dermatitis, acne, acne, beard sore, white hair, alopecia, etc. Dandelion can help you eliminate the "fly in the ointment", get rid of your troubles and make you "flawless" and radiant. For example, dandelion, forsythia and equisetum can be used for skin care-treating acne; Dandelion and purslane can be used to treat oily dermatitis; Filtering dandelion decoction and applying the juice to face can be used to treat dry skin. Dandelion is mashed and mixed with honey, which can be used to treat wrinkled old skin. Dandelion flower boiled juice, applied to face in the morning and evening, can be used to treat freckles and pigmented spots; Dandelion juice and celery juice are evenly mixed to make lotion, which can be used to treat albino pigmented spots.

Dandelion can be used as veterinary medicine. Dandelion is not only a good food for human beings and a good medicine for treating diseases, but also widely used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. It can be used as a precious feed additive and can treat many diseases of various domestic animals. For example, dandelion whole grass can be taken by boiling juice to treat upper respiratory tract infection of livestock; Dandelion decoction can be used to treat mastitis of domestic animals by washing affected parts with hot water. Dandelion, Viola yedoensis and winter melon seeds can be used to treat emphysema, fever and asthma of domestic animals. Taraxacum mongolicum combined with Herba Artemisiae Scopariae can be used to treat astringent urine pain, fever and abdominal distension in sheep. Dandelion and Vaccaria seed were ground into fine powder, and yellow wine and brown sugar were used as the guide to treat lactation deficiency of female livestock. Dandelion decoction mixed with white sugar can cure nosebleeds of cattle and horses; Dandelion, almond and alum soup can be taken warm to treat laryngitis in cattle and horses; Dandelion and chrysanthemum can be used to treat carbuncle, sore and swelling of livestock by mashing the affected area.

5. Dandelion has high ornamental value. The monographs "Baihuahui" and "Interpretation of Mans Spectrum" introduce in detail the role of dandelion in greening and beautifying the environment. Although the Baihua Club also pointed out: "Dandelion is not as delicate as peony, as fragrant as rose, and as white as cherry blossoms, but it is ordinary in appearance, beautiful in appearance and has strong vitality." The inner beauty of dandelion is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, it is unpretentious, prosperous and impressive; Second, it blooms in spring and autumn, and it blooms very early in spring; Third, although the flowers are not big, they are not as gorgeous as peony, rose and cherry blossoms, but their flowers are large and pure, unique and popular; Fourth, it has a wide range of uses, achieving multiple goals at one stroke and getting twice the result with half the effort. The main manifestations of its strong vitality are: first, it can be planted once and can be used for many years; Second, flowers become flocs, fly with the wind and fall into wetlands. Third, if you don't choose soil, the land can thrive even though it is thin; Fourth, it is cold-resistant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, insect-resistant, and less natural disasters; Fifth, we can fight all kinds of weeds and win the battle. Therefore, dandelion can achieve satisfactory results in both ground cover cultivation and bonsai cultivation.

Cultivation of dandelion

1. Seed harvesting

After flowering, the seeds will mature within 13- 15 days. When the disk changes from green to yellow-green, the seeds are brown and can be harvested at this time; When collecting seeds, you can pick the tray and store it for 1 ~ 2 days. When the disk is completely scattered, dry in the shade 1-2 days. When the seed is half dry, rub off the fluff at the tip of the seed by hand and then sun it on the seed. The 1000-grain weight is about 1.5 ~ 29, and the mature dandelion seeds have no dormancy period.

2. Seed treatment

In order to germinate early, you can use warm water to accelerate germination, that is, put the seeds at 50-55. C in warm water, stir until the water is cool, then soak for 8 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with wet cloth, place them at about 25℃, cover them with wet cloth, pour them with warm water/kloc-0 times every morning and evening, and germinate for about 3-4 days before sowing.

3. Farming season

Dandelion has strong cold tolerance. It can germinate when the local temperature reaches 65438 0 ~ 2℃. Sowing can be done at the end of March and harvesting can be done in April every year. You can also sow and cultivate in autumn. The suitable period of autumn sowing is from July to August, and the harvest is from August to 10. Seedlings can also be transplanted. 1-February, seedlings can be transplanted in the greenhouse, with 3-4 leaves planted and watered immediately after planting, and the survival rate can reach over 95%.

4. Soil preparation and border planting

Select the plot with deep soil layer, loose soil and rich organic matter, plough it for 20-25 cm, apply 3000—4000kg of organic fertilizer and farmyard manure every 667m2 during deep ploughing, rake the soil to make a border field with a width of L- 1.3m, water it, sow it, drill or sow it, and the sowing amount of 667m2 is 400-.

5. Tian Tuan management

Intertillage weeding and watering, combined with watering and fertilization, generally apply urea 10 ~ 15 kg or ammonium bicarbonate 15-20kg at 667mz. Fertilize and water after each harvest to remove weeds in time.

harvest

Dandelion mainly feeds on young leaves. When the young leaves grow to 10 ~ 25 cm, they are harvested and eaten. Medicinal plants are mature plants, and the whole plant can harvest human drugs.