What are the similarities and differences between the Southern Song Ci and the Northern Song Ci?

First of all, the difference between North and South Song Ci comes from the evolution of music. Ci is essentially a kind of music literature, and many changes of Ci are closely related to the evolution of music. In ancient society, there was a lack of scientific methods for recording music scores, and music teaching was also very casual. Many beautiful tunes are passed down by geisha and musicians. As a result, the continuous emergence of new music scores inevitably submerged a large number of old tunes.

Although many ci poems in the Southern Song Dynasty can be sung in chorus, it has become an irreversible trend that "the old music is exhausted without relying on singing". Zhang Yan, a poet at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in Preface to National Incense: "Shen Meijiao, a prostitute in Hangzhou, suddenly met in Kyoto and argued with wine. He can also sing "Unforgettable Memories of Muslims in Zhou Dynasty" and "Taicheng Road" because they are rare. " Poetry always borrows an appropriate rhythm from songs and directly inherits its lyrical character. After adapting to this rhythm, poetry and songs entered a state of being at arm's length, and finally became disciples' poems without songs. "

Poets in the Northern Song Dynasty often wrote lyrics and sang at banquets at the request of singers and dancers. The lyric poems of poets in the Northern Song Dynasty are recreational, amateur entertainment and take part in accidental amusement. They are a true description of private life and an undisguised expression of temperament. Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty gradually broke away from the shackles of music and embarked on the road of independent development, gradually becoming elegant literature of literati's desks. On the other hand, the social environment in the Southern Song Dynasty was huge. Focusing on the broader social reality, the Southern Song Ci is often the result of mutual singing or friendship between literati and poets, and sometimes it is War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's horn and a tool to serve reality. Ci in Southern Song Dynasty is an elegant artistic activity, an elaborate organizational arrangement and a solemn emotional expression. Therefore, "Xie Cun Zhai Za Shi" said: "There are meaningless words in the Northern Song Dynasty to respond to songs, and there are meaningless words in the Southern Song Dynasty."

Secondly, in connection with the evolution of this musical background and the change of creative environment, poets in the Northern Song Dynasty often express their inner feelings on the scenery in front of them, which is natural and vivid. Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty painstakingly conceived, cleverly arranged, wonderful and rich, with remarkable syntax and instigated by the police and the people. Zhou Ji said, "Because of the movement of the Northern Song Dynasty, the scenery is infinitely profound." Rich in materials. However, there were doors in the Southern Song Dynasty, so it was deep and shallow. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no city gate, so it seemed easy, but in fact it was difficult. "He added:" There are many ways to describe scenery in the poems of the Northern Song Dynasty, so the pearls are round and beautiful. When I arrived at Jiaxuan and Baishi, I immediately changed to describe the scenery, which was very profound.

The northern song ci is characterized by melody, which is easy to arouse readers' universal singing; The ingenious arrangement of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty is worthy of readers' repeated chewing. This fundamental change in the way of writing Ci began in Zhou Bangyan at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was widely reflected in the creation of Ci writers. The third volume of Baiyuzhai discusses the development and rise and fall of Ci from this angle: "When you go to the Northern Song Dynasty to hear, Wei is not far away. When you see the ancient meaning, the Southern Song Dynasty is extremely abnormal. If it is extremely abnormal, it is possible to complete it. " The result went from bad to worse, and the reason was still covered. For Ling Du, this is still poetic, but it is impossible to continue later. When heaven and earth are exhausted, the ancient meaning fades from now on. "This kind of" ancient meaning "is probably the feeling of expressing feelings, that is, the feeling of nature. "

Thirdly, the Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty was written with emotion, rich and mellow, expressing personal pleasure with little accidental meaning; The Southern Song Dynasty's ci is unique and conveys the twists and turns of the poet's mind. Zhou Ji said, "The lower part of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty is in the Southern Song Dynasty, so I don't know how to put it, because it can't be empty. The higher part is in the Southern Song Dynasty, because it can be real and there is no place to put it. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it did not commit the disease of the Northern Song Dynasty, nor was it as high as the Northern Song Dynasty. "

In this respect, the Southern Song Ci was highly praised by the poets in the Qing Dynasty. The works that can best reflect the meaning of the Southern Song Dynasty's Bi Xing are poems about objects. Poets also like to recite things in association. Because the ancients chanted things, "When borrowing things to express temperament, no matter what the feelings of life experience are, the worries of the monarch, the minister and the country are hidden in them, and they are deeply attached." (On Shen Xianglong in Qing Dynasty) It is more expensive to be rich than the people. People in the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty didn't praise things very much, but they all had sustenance. Baishi and Shi Hu Yongmei alluded to the North-South peace talks and the adherents of Bishan, Caochuang, Yuqian and Renjin. In Yuefu Supplement, there are,, Chong, Xie and Ren Jin. No writer can become famous without any sustenance. "Important social and political themes are expressed in the lyrics in the form of metaphor and sustenance. The realm of Southern Song Ci is naturally different from that of Northern Song Ci. It is based on this that the Qing people changed their views on Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty.