How to refine materials into arguments

Materials are often three-dimensional, and when writing an argumentative essay, we need to make a directional narrative according to the argument or sub-argument, and extract the content that can prove the argument or sub-argument. After the argument is refined, it is necessary to deduct the viewpoints or sub-arguments for evaluation and discussion. The better the evaluation, the more effective the argument.

Material 1:

In the Song Dynasty, York said in The History of Wood: When Xin Qiji was the magistrate of Zhenjiang, he always liked to recite his favorite works at banquets. After reciting "He Xinlang is weak to me" and "I will always meet in Beijing and look back on the past in Gubei Pavilion", I asked the guests one by one and insisted that they point out their shortcomings. Most guests modestly expressed their incomprehension. Some people said a word or two, but they didn't agree with Xin, so Xin ignored them. York was young and dared to speak. He said, "An article by He Xinlang is uninhibited and is beyond the reach of the world. It's just that the words of the two aphorisms are somewhat similar; There are a little too many allusions in the article "Yong Yu Le". Xin was overjoyed, picked up a glass of wine and said to the guest, "This glass is my fault. "So he changed the sentence while singing, changing it dozens of times a day, and didn't finish it for months. Xin's lyrics deliberately reached this level.

Viewpoint: Only by deliberate pursuit can we achieve classics.

Below we will conduct directional processing on this material according to this point of view, that is, refine the argument and evaluate it:

Xin Qiji was not very satisfied after writing He Xinlang and Yong Yu Le, so he publicly solicited opinions at a banquet. At that time, a guest named York pointed out that the word "He" in epigrams was similar, and there were too many allusions to the word "Yong". Xin Qiji was very happy after listening to it, so he sang and changed, and after repeated deliberation, he couldn't sleep for several months. //Imagine, if we didn't have the courage to pursue perfection deliberately, how could we read such a well-known poem as "I see how charming Qingshan is, and I expect Qingshan to see me" and "I swallowed Wan Li like a tiger"? Without this spirit of Excellence, how could Xin Qiji's name remain in the history of Song Ci? It can be said that deliberate pursuit is the common quality of all successful people.

If the point we want to demonstrate is "please express your opinions boldly", then we will deal with the material like this:

If you want to be appreciated, you must boldly express your views. On one occasion, Xin Qiji recited two representative works, He Xinlang and Yong Yule, at a banquet, soliciting opinions for revision in public. Other guests were humble in front of the lyricist, afraid or unwilling to express their opinions. Only York boldly expressed his feelings and pointed out the defects of the two poems. As a result, Xin Qiji was highly respected and was cited as a confidant. Many times, we dare not express our views for various reasons, such as lack of sympathy, understatement, lack of self-confidence and so on. As a result, we either buried our talents or lost the opportunity we could have grasped. Therefore, we might as well learn from York, call a spade a spade and express our opinions boldly.

Material 2: Which foot does the peacock take first on the mound?

Has anyone noticed which foot the peacock takes first when it goes up the mound? Song Huizong Evonne, who is good at painting, attracted attention. One day, the litchi planted in front of Xuanhe Temple was ripe, and peacocks scrambled to peck at the fallen fruit. Evonne immediately announced that the painter would come to paint and write. The painter of the Academy painted two vivid peacocks and lychees. Zhao is checking one by one. After reading it, he said, "Although this painting is very good, it's a pity that all the details are wrong." "Wrong?" Artists look at me and I look at you, and there is a surprised expression on their faces. "Peacock raises his left foot first on the mound." The painters observed it repeatedly. Sure enough, as Evonne said, everyone made a big blush. ...

If you want to demonstrate the view that "you can't take it for granted", you should treat the materials like this:

Taking things for granted often leads to jokes. Once, litchi ripened in front of Xuanhe Temple, and peacocks scrambled to peck at the fallen fruit. As soon as Song Huizong was happy, he ordered the court painter to paint this beautiful picture. Unfortunately, although these painters' paintings are vivid and lifelike, they all mistakenly painted the peacock as "walking with the right foot". Why do painters make such common sense mistakes? That's not "taken for granted"! Painters take it for granted that people walk with their right feet first, and peacocks are no exception, but the opposite is true. Peacock walks on the mound with his left foot first. It can be seen that when things happen, we should investigate and think more, and we can't take it for granted, otherwise we will make jokes like painters. practice

Material: Zhuangzi is fishing in Lishui.

Zhuangzi was fishing in Pushui, and the king of Chu sent the doctor and the doctor to go first, saying, "I hope I am tired in China!" " Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was three thousand years old when it died. The king hid it in the temple with a towel. Will it be more expensive to keep the bones when this turtle is dead? Would you rather be born dragging your tail in paint? " The second doctor said, "I'd rather be born dragging my tail." Zhuangzi said, "Yes! I will drag my tail in the painting. "

Use this material to demonstrate the view that "happiness lies in the freedom of the mind". Not less than 100 words.

Reference answer:

Zhuangzi, who used to fish by Pushui River, was starving to death. The king of Chu sent two doctors to invite him and said, "I am willing to be tired for Chu." . The honor of a country requires him to bear the national affairs, and his words are so humble. What an honor and happiness it is for Zhuangzi, a humble right-hander! However, faced with the golden opportunity in others' eyes, Zhuangzi was as calm as water. He described himself as a turtle, preferring to crawl freely in the mud rather than be a turtle in a golden cage without freedom.

In Zhuangzi's eyes, the so-called happiness is not fame and fortune, but an unyielding and worth pursuing spiritual freedom and independence. Perhaps this kind of happiness is beyond the understanding of ordinary people like us. But for thousands of years, Zhuangzi's unique happiness has nourished the literati who yearn for freedom again and again, turned into the stars in the sky, and became the eternal coordinate of the world's busyness. Powerful people are important, but the freedom and happiness of the mind are even more fascinating and intoxicating. Boyi and Shu Qi are on the Fuchun River in shouyangshan, Yan Ziling. Mesons push elm willows to die ... The free sky is full of noble souls.