What inspiration did Beethoven leave us?

First, the heroic symphony

Beethoven's heart is full of ideals of freedom, equality and universal love. He is an enthusiastic supporter of 1789 French bourgeois revolution. 1798, General Bernadotte (1763- 1844) became the French ambassador to Vienna. Beethoven often visited his home and kept close contact with people around him. 1802, Beethoven began to compose the third symphony dedicated to Napoleon at the suggestion of Bernadotte. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system and realized his ideal. 1804, Beethoven completed the third symphony. Just as he was preparing to dedicate it to Napoleon, the news that Napoleon proclaimed himself reached Vienna.

When Beethoven learned the news from the student Lisi (1784- 1838), he roared angrily: "He is just an ordinary person. Now he will trample on human rights to show his personal ambition. He will ride on everyone's head and become a tyrant! " As he spoke, he went to the table and tore up the dedication to Napoleon and threw it on the ground. No one was allowed to pick it up. After many days, Beethoven's anger gradually subsided and he was allowed to make this work public. 1804 65438+February, this symphony was first performed in the court of Prince Rob Kovitz in Vienna. 1The first public performance in Vienna Theatre in April, 805 was conducted by Beethoven himself. The program reads: "A new symphony in D major by Mr. Ludwig van Beethoven is dedicated to His Royal Highness Prince Robert Kovitz." Strangely, Beethoven said that it was not in E flat major, but in D flat major. When the music score was published in June 1806, the title page was printed with: Heroic Symphony in Memory of Great Men. Since then, the third symphony has been called the heroic symphony.

Second, the symphony of destiny.

The first four notes of Beethoven's Symphony in C Minor (Op.67) are as strong and heavy as the knocking of fate. This work is therefore called "Symphony of Destiny". The symphony of destiny was written from 1805 to 1808. Beethoven wrote a letter to his friend Wegele (1765- 1808) in June of12008. He has said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never overwhelm me completely!" The knock of fate appeared in the third movement of Piano Sonata in C minor (Op. 10) written by 1798, and later appeared in the third movement of String Quartet in D major (Op. 18 No.3) and Sonata for Passion (Op.57). The passion for struggle shown in the Symphony of Destiny has a strong appeal. Mary Boland, a Spanish alto, was scared to death when she first listened to the Symphony of Destiny and had to leave. The old guard Napoleon heard the main melody at the beginning of the fourth movement and couldn't help jumping up and shouting, "This is the emperor!" " Berlioz regarded the thrilling struggle scene in the Symphony of Destiny as "Othello's terrible rage when he listened to the slanderers of the ego and mistakenly thought Desdemona had an affair." Schumann said, "Although you often hear this symphony, it always has a constant power for you-just like natural phenomena always scare people. "1In May and June of 830, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks, saw Goethe for the last time, and played famous works in ancient and modern times for him on the piano. Goethe was very excited after listening to the first movement of the symphony of destiny. He said: "This is magnificent and thrilling, and it almost collapses the house. I wonder what will happen if many people play together. "184 1 March, Engels listened to the performance of the symphony of destiny. In a letter to his sister, he praised the work and said, "If you don't know this wonderful thing, then you have never heard anything in your life." He said that in the first movement, he heard "that kind of complete despair and sorrow, that kind of sad pain"; In the second movement, I heard "tender sorrow of love"; The third and fourth movements, "the joy of strength, youth and freedom expressed by the trumpet" are so inspiring. Engels revealed the essence of the Symphony of Destiny in a few short sentences.

Third, the legend of moonlight song

"More than one hundred years ago, there was a German musician named Beethoven who wrote many famous songs. Among them, there is a famous piano piece called Moonlight. The legend goes like this: One autumn, Beethoven traveled around the world and performed in a small town on the Rhine. One night, he was walking along a quiet path and heard the intermittent piano sound coming from a small room, playing his music. Beethoven approached the hut, the piano suddenly stopped and someone was talking in the room. A girl said,' How difficult this song is to play! I've only heard others play it several times, but I don't remember how to play it. "If only I could hear how Beethoven played himself!" A man said,' Yes, but tickets for the concert are too expensive, and we are too poor.' The girl quickly said,' Don't be sad, brother, I'm just saying.' Hearing this, Beethoven gently pushed open the door and came in. Candles were lit in the hut, and men were making leather shoes in the dim candlelight. There is an old piano in front of the window, and a girl of sixteen or seventeen is sitting in front of it. Her face is handsome, but she is blind. The shoemaker saw a stranger come in, stood up and asked, "Who are you looking for, sir?" Wrong door, right? Beethoven said,' No, I'm here to play a tune for this girl. The girl quickly stood up and offered her seat. Beethoven sat in front of the piano and played the tune that the blind girl had just played. The blind girl was so absorbed in listening that when the music ended, she said excitedly, "How well you play! How deep the feelings are! You, you must be Mr Beethoven, right? Beethoven didn't answer. He asked the blind girl, "Do you like it?" Let me play another song for you. A gust of wind blew out the candle. The moonlight shone through the window, and everything in the hut seemed to be covered with silver gauze. Beethoven looked at the poor brothers and sisters standing beside him and pressed the keys in the quiet moonlight. The shoemaker listened quietly, as if facing the sea, and the moon was rising from the place where the water meets the sky. On the microwave-sparkling sea, there is silver everywhere. The moon rose higher and higher, passing through a wisp of gauze-like Wei Yun. Suddenly, a strong wind blew on the sea, rolling up huge waves. The waves were glittering and translucent by moonlight, and rushed to the shore one after another ... The shoemaker looked at her sister, and the moonlight was shining on her quiet face, with her eyes wide open. She seemed to see something she had never seen before, the rough sea in the moonlight. Brother and sister were intoxicated by the wonderful piano sound. When they woke up, Beethoven had left the hut. He flew back to the inn and spent the whole night recording Moonlight Music, which he had just improvised. This is an article in the seventh volume of Chinese textbooks for primary schools in China. It tells the story of Beethoven playing Moonlight for blind girls. This is indeed a beautiful legend. Beethoven's piece (op.27 No.2-piano sonata in C minor) describes the moonlight scenery on the sea, which originated from German music critic Rael Stubb (1799- 1860). Russian pianist anton rubinstein (1829-1894) is very opposed to using Moonlight to interpret this piece of music. He said: "Moonlight should be thoughtful, thoughtful and quiet in music description. In short, it is a soft and bright mood. The first movement of Sonata in C minor, from the first note to the last note, is completely tragic (implied by minor), a cloudy sky and a gloomy mood. The last movement is intense and enthusiastic, and it shows a completely opposite side to the gentle moon. There is only a short second movement, which can be said to be a moment in the moonlight. " In Germany, some people also call this kind of music "Garden Pavilion" sonata. The garden pavilion is a pavilion built in the shade of a tree. Obviously, this title is also inaccurate for this sonata. It seems that this piece of music is by no means a clear landscape painting, but an inner gloomy mood. Tye (1817-1897), the author of Beethoven's biography, said that the first movement was "A girl prays for her sick father", which is more appropriate than "Moonlight" and "Garden Pavilion" in any case. Beethoven wrote this piece on 180 1, when he was in love with Juliet Ji Ciardi (1784- 1856), and this piece was dedicated to her. On 1 1 month 16 this year, Beethoven mentioned her when he wrote to Wegele, saying, "She loves me and I love her." But by the beginning of 1802, she had fallen in love with Count Andrew Hallenborg and married him in 1803. Romain rolland linked this song with Beethoven's lovelorn love, saying, "Fantasy didn't last long, and the pain and indignation in sonata has surpassed love. "Roland interpreted the first movement as melancholy, whining and crying. Russian musician Ole Biyishev (1794- 1858) thinks that the first movement is "deep sorrow" of lovelorn, just like "hanging fire". However, 180 1 was the time when Beethoven and Guichar Di fell in love. It may not be true to say that this work is about the pain of lovelorn love. Perhaps Stasov (1824- 1906), a Russian art critic, is more reasonable in explaining this work. Recalling listening to Liszt's performance in Petersburg, he thought the sonata was a complete tragedy. The first movement was a state of mind full of tenderness and sometimes dark premonition. He had a similar impression when listening to anton rubinstein's performance: "... from a distance, as if from the depths of an invisible soul, a silent voice suddenly rose. Some voices are melancholy and full of infinite sadness; Others are meditation, endless memories and gloomy omens ... "Sonata in C minor is especially famous for its title and legend of' Moonlight'. Beethoven once said, "People often talk about sonatas in C minor, but I have written better things than this, such as sonatas in F major (Op. 78)." It can be seen that Beethoven himself was not very satisfied with Song of the Moonlight.

Fourthly, sonata of passion.

When Schindler once asked Beethoven about his sonatas in D minor (Op.312) and F minor (Op.57), Beethoven replied, "Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest." Therefore, the former is called "Sonata of Tempest", while the latter is named "Sonata of Passion" by Hamburg music publisher Crantz (1789- 1870). On the other hand, the title of "enthusiasm" was added by German pianist, violinist, composer and conductor Reineck (1824- 19 10), which seems to be groundless. Beethoven didn't approve of the title "Enthusiasm", but for this heroic and magnificent work, the title is quite appropriate. Lenin, the teacher of proletarian revolution, once heard Russian composer and conductor Dobro Wan (1894- 1953) play this sonata in Moscow, and said, "I don't know what is better than the Sonata of Passion. I want to listen to it every day. This is wonderful and unprecedented music. I always think with perhaps childish boast: what miracles can people create! " 1870101On October 30th, Paris was surrounded by Prussian troops for more than three months during the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, negotiated the armistice terms with thiers, the head of the French bourgeois government, in the stronghold of William, King of Prussia at Versailles. That night, Gaertel, the former German ambassador to Italy, played "Sonata of Passion" for Bismarck on an old piano in Viham. After listening to the last movement, Bismarck said, "This is the cry of a whole generation." He understood Beethoven's "enthusiasm" from the standpoint of a bloodthirsty careerist. He once said: "If I can listen to this piece of music often, my courage will not run out" because "Beethoven is the best for my nerves". Beethoven said on June 29th, 180 1, "My art is used to improve the fate of the poor." If Beethoven knew underground and heard that his music was used by Bismarck, he must be dead.

Five, fighting machine, friendship, artillery

Beethoven's friend melzer (1772- 1838) is famous for inventing and manufacturing mechanical musical instruments. 18 13 In the autumn, Beethoven wrote a war symphony entitled "Victory of Wellington" or "Battle of Victoria" for the universal piano invented by melzer, describing the scene that the British army defeated Napoleon in the northern Spanish city of Victoria on June 2 1 3 of the same year. On the basis of Winkle's invention (1776- 1826), Meltzer once created today's universal high-five machine. Beethoven adopted it for the first time and marked the speed of his works according to the number of beats per minute. Beethoven's hearing AIDS were also made in melzer around 18 10. On one occasion, Beethoven Paimer took a trip, and he wrote that the richest man was a funny cannon to praise the creator of the holiday machine. This canon, which symbolizes the friendship between Beethoven and Meltzer, was later selected by Beethoven into his eighth symphony (Op. 93) and became the theme of the second movement.

Sixth, the seventh symphony on the ballet stage.

Wagner called Beethoven's Symphony No.7 (Op.92) "the ultimate dance", "the highest form of dance" and "the most wonderful embodiment of body movement according to the ideal form". It is said that he once imagined that the Seventh Symphony would be represented by a dance accompanied by Liszt piano. Wagner's ideal was later realized by Russian choreographer Ma Xin. 1938, he compiled this symphony into a ballet, showing an allegorical story-the creation and destruction of the world: the first movement: creation-under the guidance of creative spirit, the chaotic world became an orderly residence for animals and plants. There are men and women, and dangerous snakes. The second movement: the earth-hatred and rape appear on the earth. A group of men and women mourned the murdered teenager. The third movement: the sky-the gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the riots on the ground and still enjoy themselves. The fourth movement: debauchery and destruction-people indulge in debauchery. God saw them clumsily imitate the joy of the upper world and destroy the world with fire because of anger. 1938 In May, this ballet was first performed by the Brazilian Ballet of Russia in Monte Carlo, Monaco.

Seven. Ode to Joy and Chorus Symphony

1793 65438+ 10, a friend of German poet Schiller and a law professor at Bonn University wrote to Schiller's wife Charlotte, saying: "There is a young man ... with great and lofty aspirations, who wants to set Schiller's Ode to Joy to music paragraph by paragraph." This young man is Beethoven, who lived in Bonn at that time and was only 23 years old. Beethoven contributed the music of Ode to Joy in 1798 and 18 12. The theme of Ode to Joy, written in 18 12, was later used in 18 14 to complete the prelude to the named day festival in C major (Op. 1 15). Beethoven's song "Love each other" written for Bigger poems around 1795 is closely related to the theme of Ode to Joy in the last movement of the chorus symphony, which can be said to be the predecessor of the theme of Ode to Joy. Later, Beethoven used this tune as the theme in Fantasia for Piano Chorus in C Minor (op. 80)65438-0808, and sang Kuffner's poem praising the charm of music. The chorus part of piano chorus fantasia is an attempt at the finale of chorus symphony. 1in March, 824, Beethoven wrote to probst: "The finale of the chorus symphony was written in the style of piano chorus fantasia, but on a much larger scale." It can be seen that Beethoven's intention to compose "Ode to Joy" began at 1793, and it took 30 years to finish in the Chorus Symphony. The chorus symphony was completed in the reactionary period when all free thoughts and democratic movements were brutally suppressed after the Carlsbad resolution. 1824 During the first performance of Lentner Thor Theatre in Vienna in May, the audience's enthusiasm was unprecedented. The audience applauded and cheered five times when Beethoven appeared, so that the police had to intervene. But Beethoven, who stood in the band with his back to the audience, couldn't hear anything. Fortunately, contralto singer Hong Re turned around holding his hand and "saw" the cheers of the audience. From the unusual emotions caused by the first performance, we can see how profound the practical significance of singing, that is, the freedom of singing, was at that time.

Beethoven profile

-Great people musicians.

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the last and greatest representative of Viennese music school. Beethoven 1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near the French border on the Rhine. My father is a high school male singer in the court orchestra, and my mother is a chef. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Orchestra.

Beethoven showed musical talent from an early age, and his father knew his son's musical talent for a long time. In order to cultivate him into a child prodigy like Mozart, he was forced to learn piano and violin at the age of four, and began to perform in concerts and try to compose music at the age of eight. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic. Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of eleven and concentrated on studying music at home. At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). Thirteen-year-old Beethoven was hired as a harpsichord player by Bonn Theatre and officially became a professional musician. At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day.

Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics. Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violins and orchestra romance. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same era as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always resigns. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart's mental pain is no less than Haydn's. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. However, in his music, people often feel a kind of pain, melancholy and sadness behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music.

Beethoven is one of the greatest composers in the history of world art. His creation embodies his giant personality and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent and unpretentious, and his music is rich in content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience.

Beethoven's music reflects the pain and joy, struggle and victory of the people at that time. Therefore, its music always inspires and inspires people, and it still makes people feel cordial and inspiring until now.

His nine symphonies occupy an extremely unique position in all his creations. These symphonies can be compared to a complete large-scale symphonic narrative poem-a long epic describing the life of a hero. Although there is no story to connect, it reveals all aspects of the protagonist's life, activities and thoughts, that is, some of the most important life problems faced by the protagonist, such as: the protagonist and his struggle, the protagonist and nature, the protagonist and his inner world, the protagonist and the people, and so on. His nine symphonies are the most important part of the world cultural heritage.