What is the origin of pigeons standing up? Why are you standing?

Pigeons must be known to everyone. Pigeons are animals. At the same time, people in ancient times were very smart and could cultivate homing pigeons. Pigeons are pigeons who judge the direction according to the earth's magnetic field and go home accurately. Then, pigeons are now a symbol of peace. Pigeons are light and thin, and many people catch them for food. In fact, a popular word now is to stand up, which generally means to break your word. Why are you standing? What were the reasons in ancient times? Take a closer look with me!

(1) Pigeons first appeared in written records as a kind of food.

The word "pigeon" first appeared in a work called "Big move".

Li Sao, a work with the style of Chu Ci, is said to have been written by Qu Yuan or Jing Ke of Chu State in the Warring States Period, but some scholars believe that it originated in the Han Dynasty.

There is a saying in "Great Skill" that "the pigeon's mandarin fish is delicious, and the soup is delicious", which means that both the fat pigeon meat and the delicious jackal dog meat are made into exquisite broth.

It can be seen that pigeons first appeared in written records as a kind of food.

In the Song Dynasty, Elder Meng recorded the morning market scene of a vegetable market in Kaifengfu, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, in Tokyo Dream, Volume II, Dongjiaolou Street: "Cheese, sheep head, belly lung, red and white kidney, milk, belly, quail rabbit, pigeon, game, crab, clam and so on.

The above records at least show that in the Northern Song Dynasty, pigeons, as a commodity, had appeared in the farmers' market for public sale, just like sheep's head, belly and lungs, crabs, clams and other dishes. As a kind of meat, pigeons enter the table of ordinary people's homes like chickens and ducks.

Li Shizhen wrote Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty? "Poultry Department" clearly points out that the white pigeon among pigeons has this function. Its meat is not only used to detoxify and treat malignant sores, scabies and vitiligo. But even pigeon shit can be directly dried and used as medicine.

Of course, in order to avoid patients' psychological discomfort, pigeon excrement, as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, has a high-end atmosphere named "Zuopanlong", which is named after the excrement is coiled to the left in a round strip. It is said that in order to meet the requirements of Empress Dowager Cixi, the imperial doctors in the Qing Dynasty used this medicine in the "Yurong Powder" specially prepared for her.

The performance of this medicine is mainly used to treat leukorrhagia, ascaris parasitism, cervical lymph node tuberculosis, head itch and other diseases. Among them, there is a special prescription for treating ascaris parasitism, which is blindly taking a single drug. The specific usage is "burn it with pigeon excrement, grind it fine, and take it with water."

If it succeeds, it will really make Pfizer unilaterally angry.

China really deserves to be a foodie country. There are stewed pigeons in home cooking, crispy pigeons in Cantonese cuisine, and the "Four Treasures Set" in Kaifeng, Henan Province is a soup made of four whole birds, namely chicken, duck, pigeon and quail, which are boned layer by layer and put together.

(Kaifeng four treasures suit)

(2) stuttering is also called pigeon's mouth among the people.

Not only that, but even if you describe a person's stuttering, you can't forget to use the word pigeon. Because of its pronunciation, this pictophonetic word is also used to refer to stuttering.

There is a joke about "pigeon tongue" in "Little Guang Lin", which vividly writes:

He who has a tongue is familiar with the mouth of a cloud pigeon. When I came to the city to buy tung oil, I said to the shopkeeper, "I want to buy tung oil ..." But I couldn't say the word "oil". The shopkeeper quipped, "You can play the bronze drum. Why don't you knock the gong with me again?" The pigeon keeper said angrily, "Don't come to my face, make waves and scratch me."

One day, a stutterer went to the market to buy tung oil.

He walked into a store selling tung oil and said to the shopkeeper, "I want to buy Dongdong …" The word "oil" behind it could not be said.

When the shopkeeper saw it, he made fun of him and said, "Knock, knock, knock, you really know how to play the bronze drum. In that case, can you knock the gong for me again? "

He stammered and said angrily, "Don't come in front of me, make waves and scratch me."

Even today, in Wu dialect represented by Suzhou dialect, there is still a saying that stutterers are called "pigeon mouths".

(3) The discovery that pigeons also have the function of passing books began in the Tang Dynasty according to written records.

In the book "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao" written by Wang Renyu in the Five Dynasties, there is a passage: "When Zhang Jiuling was a teenager, he kept a group of pigeons at home. Every time he wrote to his relatives, he only flew to them with books as he taught him. He was a flying slave when he was nine years old, and everyone likes surprises. "

It is said that during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the further extension and expansion of the Silk Road, the political, economic and cultural ties between the East and the West were further strengthened.

In this process of communication, people in Sui and Tang Dynasties, who were deeply inspired, finally made a new discovery in their understanding of pigeons, that is, in the process of artificial breeding and domestication of pigeons, they found that pigeons had a natural and extraordinary function of locating their nests at home. Therefore, pigeons were intensively trained, and their special nature, that is, they would recognize their home even if they died, so that they could fly between home and other places, thus delivering letters between the two places.

Therefore, Zhang Jiuling, a prime minister in Kaiyuan, raised a flock of pigeons at home when he was a child. Whenever it is necessary to communicate with relatives and friends living in other places, the elders of Zhang Jiuling's family will tie the letters to the feet of pigeons selected in advance according to the destination to be reached, and then release the pigeons.

At that time, Zhang Jiuling, who was still childlike, saw the pigeons flapping their wings first, then rising into the sky in the sharp and loud pigeon whistle, and gradually drifting away. He would be very excited to point to the pigeons flying farther and farther and say to many surprised onlookers: "This is my flying slave, this is my flying slave."

Amin Tang Zhichun once wrote a five-character quatrain on pigeons. "Keeping flying slaves on the bank of the account seems to be under the eaves. The boatman didn't start, so he stayed with him. " The four knots on the ship are the second. "

(4) Pigeons were also called "half-day beauties" in the Song Dynasty. Why does Song Gaozong prohibit pigeons from entering the palace?

This title first appeared in Qing Louis, a ceramic work in the Song Dynasty. In the book, it is recorded in the article "Beauty with Feathers": "Hao young people still keep pigeons, nicknamed' Half-day Jiao'. People call it' the beauty of inserting feathers' because they are so charming and enchanting.

The ancients also wrote a poem about this: "A long walk in a high courtyard makes a beautiful woman charming and lonely." Five colors don't make a brocade, and a thousand bells suddenly ring for a long time. "(Ming? Wang Shizhen's "Fu on the Four or Three Pigeons without Living View").

Speaking of domesticating pigeons, there is another story:

11April 27, Jin Bing captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, which was called "the shame of Jingkang" in history, and the Northern Song Dynasty ended.

At that time, only 2 1 year-old was the ninth son and the younger brother. In order to rebuild the regime of Zhao and Song Dynasties, in May of the same year, under the recommendation of courtiers, he was proclaimed emperor in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) in Nanjing, with the title of Song and Jianyan, and was the founding emperor of Southern Song Dynasty.

On the first day of the first month of A.D.11/year, Emperor Gaozong said, "Five years after the capital was established, it can be changed to the first year of Shaoxing". The word Shaoxing means "rejuvenating the country with fewer activities", which means inheriting the imperial industry and rejuvenating the country.

Emperor Gaozong did inherit the legacy of his father, Emperor Hui Zong, in art. Besides being proficient in calligraphy theory, he also wrote a volume of Mo Hanzhi, and he also wrote a good hand, with a charming brushwork, which was handed down from generation to generation in ink like Cao Shenfu. Although he has no talent for painting, he has the same taste and elegance as his father, Emperor Hui Zong, in appreciation. "History of Song Dynasty" said that he was "diligent and kind, and kept his style more than enough, and it was not his talent to set things right."

(Song Gaozong)

Emperor Gaozong's favorite is the imperial brush of his father, Emperor Hui Zong, because the imperial brush is the paintings, words and poems written by his father himself. Among these imperial paintings, he especially likes a painting called Ruihetu. Even at the critical moment when the so-called mud horse crossed the river, he still carried such a painting.

Because the white crane flying freely in the picture represents auspiciousness, which means turning disaster into happiness. Just thinking about it makes you feel so happy. Besides, the word crane is a good sign. Yellow crane never comes again is a proverb in Tang Dynasty, which clearly implies that he, Emperor Gaozong, will be able to escape from heaven under the siege of nomads from afar.

After he settled in the south of the Yangtze River, Emperor Gaozong never saw a flock of white cranes again, but the vivid images of eighteen white cranes hovering over Xuande Gate in the capital of song dynasty kept appearing in his mind, which often kept him awake at night.

(Map of Song Dynasty during Song Gaozong's Southern Crossing)

In order to reproduce the auspicious scene, Emperor Gaozong began to order the imperial secretary to keep pigeons in the palace. Because in his view, pigeons, like white cranes, have black eyes, white feathers, red mouths and red claws, and are graceful, which is simply a miniature version of white cranes.

After every morning, the first thing he has to do is to come to the pigeon house. Listening to the cooing of these elves, Emperor Gaozong was elated, and then he would personally open the dovecote and let the pigeons out one by one.

Pigeons flying in the sky are flying around the palace, and the long pigeon whistle echoes over the palace.

While chasing pigeons with his eyes, Emperor Gaozong recited the poem written by his father, Emperor Hui Zong, on the map of the Ruihe River: "Qingming, colorful, fairy birds called me here suddenly." Park Park is a Sanshan couple, and they are still in a chitose posture. It seems to be similar to the Qibao Pavilion in Biluan, and it is the same as gathering with the wild geese in Tianchi. Wandering around as a burden, let Shu Ren know. "

Time passed day by day.

There is still a long way to go to recover the lost land in the Central Plains.

Only pigeons are still flying happily over the palace as always.

Therefore, students began to be dissatisfied with Gaozong's ruling behavior, thinking that he was a plaything, and felt depressed. One of the students wrote a poem entitled "Ridiculous Dove" to satirize it:

Ten thousand pigeons fly around the imperial city, and it takes a lot of effort to play it back.

How to raise geese on the edge of clouds? The desert can spread out two holy books.

This poem soon spread among the people, and before long, it also spread to the palace. Finally, one day, it was seen by Emperor Gaozong.

After reading it, Emperor Gaozong fell into a long meditation. He thinks that his father, Emperor Hui Zong, and his brother, Emperor Qinzong, are still in the hands of the Jin people, and they have not been able to welcome them back. He was very sad. Moved by the scene, the law prohibiting pigeons was promulgated on the spot.

Since then, no pigeons have been raised in the palace.

This incident was recorded in Li Dongyou's Miscellanies of Ancient Hangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty? Poetry Collection: During the reign of Emperor Gaozong in Shaoxing, flying pigeons were kept in the palace and flew in groups every day. Literati and poets wrote satirical poems. His poems flowed into ouchi, and Gaozong was very sad. There are naturally no pigeons in the palace.

(5) Buddhist story "Scaring Pigeons"

There is also a famous Buddhist story about pigeons, which is called "Pigeons hide Buddha's shadow", or "Pigeons covered by Buddha's shadow" and "Fear of Pigeons". It comes from Nie Liangjing (Volume 28):

I (Buddha), together with Sharifutsu and 500 disciples, stopped at Champo City in Mogata, and sometimes a hunter chased a pigeon. Is the fear of pigeons, in the shadow of Sharifutsu, still trembling like a banana tree; As far as I can see, my body and mind are stable and my terror can be eliminated. Therefore, I should know that the Buddha has kept the precepts after all, and even the posture is still very powerful.

It is said that once upon a time there was a pigeon that was chased by an eagle. Pigeons flew around in fear, but the eagle continued to chase.

Seeing this critical situation, the Buddha covered the pigeon with his own figure, so that the eagle could never find the pigeon again.

Then the pigeon's body and spirit are stable, and it is no longer afraid because it is safe again.

Buddhist stories compare the Tathagata's ability to keep precepts, which makes pigeons feel physically and mentally stable. In other words, people who die in despair can regain their lives with the blessing of Buddhism as long as they devote themselves to Buddhism.

Therefore, Qian Qi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, who is known as the "crown of ten talented people in Dali", wrote this story in a poem entitled "Sage Cave in Tiyan Prefecture": "I gave my life to save pigeons in the past, but now I see flying eagles."

Speaking of the word pigeon, if you think in an elegant way, it will always remind people of the beautiful legend of flying pigeon passing books. In the blue sky, white pigeons are flying, which always makes people have infinite beautiful reverie.

Small, docile and considerate pigeons have won almost unanimous love because of their nesting nature and rain or shine. But recently, the pigeon's innate nature has actually brought it a very bad reputation.

(6) The origin of flying pigeons

In Suzhou and Shanghai, people describe it as "releasing pigeons", sometimes as "releasing white pigeons" or directly as "releasing pigeons".

Yu Quyuan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, was the first person to record this erotic scam in words. In his old gentleman's Notes on Visiting the Fairy House in Taiwan, two stories about releasing pigeons were recorded respectively.

The first story is about "there is a yellow man in the north of Shanghai" and "standing pigeons".

In order to let people know what "stood up" is, Yu Yue specifically noted in the book: "The fake wives and concubines of Shanghai Customs are in people, and they are called stood up when they die."

It means that the so-called "stood up" means that there is a practice in Shanghai, that is, after accepting money from others, she gives her woman to others as a wife or concubine, and then this woman takes the opportunity to escape when others are unprepared, resulting in the final loss of money.

This story is about a family named Huang in Shanghai North Lane. Because the family is poor and has no life, the husband Huang asks his wife Li how to make a living.

Huang's wife Li is not only beautiful, but also very scheming.

After listening to her husband's question, she first criticized him and said, "You are a breadwinner. Ask me how a woman lives?" Then she changed the subject: "What can I do? You might as well sell me, sell me to someone else as a little wife, you can take a hundred dollars, sell me to someone else as a prostitute, and you can take a thousand dollars. "

Seeing her husband's disapproval, she laughed at him: "I told you to sell me." I'm joking with you. Don't take it seriously I have an idea. We can release pigeons. I just need your cooperation. "

As a result, this Li did not run away with her husband surnamed Huang after the job was done, but asked her husband surnamed Huang to leave quickly.

She claimed to her husband who refused to leave that she would expose Cao's plot to "stand up" in front of her husband's family, and threatened to report to the authorities and investigate his fraud.

Her husband, surnamed Huang, saw this scene and had to flee. The original description of this is: "Huang is embarrassed and stumbled back."

Yu Yue commented on this: "A pigeon turned into a yellow crane, which is gone forever. This is what ghosts don't expect. "

The clever husband surnamed Huang was taken in by his wife Li and eventually lost his wife and home, which once again shows that, but not as people know, he was poor together and said goodbye to each other when disaster came.

The second story is "There is a man in rural Suzhou".

It is said that in the countryside of Suzhou, there was a rich landlord who lived alone all the time. When others reached middle age, they suddenly had the idea of finding a woman to start a family.

On this day, he had an appointment with a mature woman in Nagato, Suzhou. When the old woman knew what he thought, she told him that she had a daughter and could marry him at once.

After some discussion and asking price, he paid the old woman 100 yuan according to the previous agreement and happily took the old woman's daughter home by boat.

Who knows, just as the boat was out of the gate, I saw an old man with a few people, driving the boat and chasing after him quickly.

The old man cried to people that the middle-aged man had robbed his daughter, and the little woman cried to the old man in front of others that she was her father.

Just as the two boats were walking side by side, the old man reached out and took the little girl away.

For unknown reasons, the old man left by boat with the little girl when he was caught off guard.

Only then did he suddenly realize that he had been taken in by the old woman. The original text is "A doesn't have a marriage certificate, it goes without saying", that is to say, someone in rural Suzhou can't prove to others that this little girl who was taken away by others is his wife bought with money.

At the end of the last, Yu Yue ended the story with a sentence "Su Yan's so-called doves".

The fact that the meaning of words has evolved proves that even if you are as white as a pigeon, black is not negotiable.