How many patents did Edison obtain in his life?

/kloc-more than 0/300 items, some people count more than 2,000 items. Only 1882 has applied for 14 1 patents. "Eddie

"Biological effect" is not an invention, nor is it within the scope of statistics. In fact, its influence is far-reaching. Edison's most important invention was electricity.

Lights and phonographs, as well as other famous inventions, include: double and quadruple telegrams, movies, trams, batteries and typing.

Machines, cement, rubber and so on. During World War I, he served as a technical adviser to the United States Admiralty and invented water successively.

39 kinds of instruments such as mine detectors, underwater patrol lights, warship stabilizers and sound absorbers. From his first invention-automation when he was 0/6 years old.

Since the timer started, there has been a new invention every 12 and a half days on average. If you only count 1882, there will be one in less than three days on average.

An invention. Such amazing achievements are rare in the world.

Therefore, all countries in the world pay tribute to Edison's great contribution to mankind. Their names are Edison.

He is "the king of invention", "the leader who started the electrical era", "the pioneer of modern research" and "the breakthrough of scientific research"

Aaron ","the most useful person in the world ".

1922, celebrities from all walks of life gathered in the lecture hall of an industrial club in Japan to celebrate Edison's 75th birthday.

Edison was in America on his birthday and didn't come to the celebration in person. It is said that at the meeting, Edison's photo

The film is side by side with the national flags of the United States and Japan.

On the platform of the club, everyone told about Edison's great contribution. On behalf of the power communication industry, people say:

Thanks to the invention of telecommunication machinery and telephone, the development of electronic communication today represents the people in the music industry.

Shi said: "Because Edison invented the phonograph, music education was popularized and developed." People on behalf of the film industry say:

"The film can develop to this stage, thanks to Edison who invented activity photos. I hope he will be healthy forever.

Continue to make various inventions for society. In addition, people representing the power industry said, "The invention of incandescent lamp not only makes human beings.

Our life has become more convenient and people's hearts have become clearer. This grace can never be forgotten. "

Everyone thanked Edison. Celebrations have been held for Edison all over the world, and they are also very enthusiastic about foreign countries.

Express gratitude and respect to him, just as Edison was there. Many countries have recorded the live activities of the celebration.

Movies, and made a special trip to send someone to find Edison. A person can let foreign people hold such a grand celebration for him, which

Although I dare not say it is a masterpiece, it is at least unprecedented.

Honor kept coming to him, and The New York Times held a vote to select 12 contemporary American universities.

Great man. As a result, Thomas A. Edison ranked first. There were several other opinion polls in the same year, and the results were the same.

The members of the Epworth Alliance regard him as the first great man in history. Baldwin College also selected him as a contemporary American.

The first great man.

1927 On Edison's 80th birthday, the United States held a grand welcome party and received hundreds of thousands of congratulatory letters.

There are so many seals that he is admired all over the world.

1947, a worker from China attended the meeting of the Shanghai branch of China Electrical Engineering Society to commemorate Edison's birthday100th anniversary.

Shi Cheng praised him and said, "Edison was an inventor all his life. He tried his best to invent.

Invention is his wish and his career. Another western biographer said of Edison: "He didn't.

He once commanded the three armies and galloped on the battlefield; He never occupied any country or conquered any nation, but his strength,

But this is not what any soldier can dream of. "

1979, the United States spent millions of dollars to hold a year-long commemorative event to commemorate Edison's hair.

The birth of electric light100th anniversary.

Edison went to school for three months in his life. His cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great.

What is the "secret"?

Diligence-the Determinant of Genius

It is often said that Thomas Edison was the greatest genius of his time, and there were only a few people in history.

Just like the inventor of the first electric light, it greatly changed people's lives. But when Einstein and other scientists called him "A"

God of invention ","a prolific genius ",and listed him as a great man in the world, he felt uneasy, he

I even hate the word genius. He said: "Take out the mystery of nature and apply it to the pursuit of happiness-when."

In the shortest time in the world, I don't know if there is a better service. "

He also explained: "Genius is 2% inspiration and 98% sweat." He told those who praised him.

But the genius retorted, "This is a complete lie, and hard work is the real thing. My invention comes from practice,

Not a genius. "

Edison said of his invention, "If a person has not achieved enough in the past to praise himself, then,

Tell him to bury himself in his work and not to talk too much. I believe in seeking truth from facts and not talking. He also said: "My life is philosophical.

Learning is work. I want to reveal the mysteries of nature and benefit mankind. This is the best way to spend our short life.

Type. When asked about Edison's secret of success, he said, "Go ahead, walk all the way, and never stop until you succeed."

It takes perseverance. These words not only expressed the purpose of his invention, but also reflected his efforts to achieve this goal.

And how hard you have worked. In order to find a filament that can emit light without burning immediately, Edison went to find a book.

The library has read hundreds of technical materials and compiled more than 200 abstracts. At the same time, he is interested in all kinds of possible filaments.

A lot of experiments have been carried out on these materials.

Edison buried himself in his work when he was young. Someone once did this calculation: "Edison was in his real life for fifty years."

In the laboratory or factory, there are often 18 hours of daily work, with an average of 6 or even 7 days a week. Be with most people every day.

Eight hours of labor, the time he contributed to the construction work, ordinary people will spend 125 years of labor. "A.

A man who followed him for many years described the first time he met Edison: he was no different from an ordinary young man, covered in grease and like a craftsman.

Sample, unkempt, poorly dressed, as if a tramp, but he is broad-minded, at the sight of him makes people respect. "Because he is right.

I was fascinated by scientific inventions, so I made a lot of jokes.

"One morning, when the servant arrived early, he was already asleep, and the servant didn't dare to disturb him. But at this time, his help

Hand had finished his breakfast, so he took advantage of a moment's leisure to fool him once-he put eggs, ham and other empty plates in Edison.

In front of him, when he woke up and saw these empty plates, poured coffee cups and bread crumbs all over the table, he wiped them suspiciously.

Eyes, thought for a moment, thought that he did have breakfast, so he finished smoking a cigarette as usual and began to work! until

Only after his assistants laughed did he know that he had been played! "

Christmas in 65438 was the day when Edison and Miss Mary got married. He forgot the day when he started the experiment.

He worked late into the night and asked the bride to wait for him in the bridal chamber.

For another example, when he was studying telegraph technology, he forgot to pay taxes, and the tax bureau urged him not to pay more.

12%。 So Edison fled in a hurry. There, the line was long and he had to wait. However, until he squeezed into the window

I forgot my name when I was young.

Edison was always absorbed in his research and experiments, regardless of time. It is said that he has never worn a watch, so,

Edison's life is not bound by time.

Edison was a persistent doer, not just an empty talk. 19 14, Edison's laboratory caught fire and was destroyed.

The loss amounted to $4 million. This major blow did not stop him. He said, "I am 67 years old, but I am not too old."

I'm old, and I want to start over. "

1924 In May, the United States voted for the greatest man in this country. Edison won the most votes and was elected with honor. United States of America

Many countries awarded him the special congressional medal of honor, which is the highest reward of the country. At this time, Edison was 77 years old and was still taking pictures.

Like "two shifts a day", I never thought about retirement. His motto is: "I seek what human beings need, and then I"

Step forward and try to invent it. "

Anyone who has come into contact with Edison is deeply touched by his lack of empty talk. A chief engineer in our country once worked in

1925 was admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and he had some contact with Edison, who later wrote in a memory article.

Tao: "In my several contacts with Edison, I feel that he is not empty talk and attaches importance to reality. When Edison came to the factory again,

Seeing our college students, they said they would test us. He picked up a light bulb and said to us,' Please calculate its capacity.

What is the product? We are busy picking up paper and pens. Some use integral calculation, some use differential calculation ... it has been a long time, but it has not been worked out yet.

Safe. Edison smiled and said, you look like scholars, but it's too much trouble. In fact, ask for its tolerance.

The product is very simple. As long as the cup is filled with water, how much water will overflow when the light bulb is put in. This is its volume, which makes us dumbfounded.

I suddenly realized. This talk left a deep impression on me, and I will always remember that we should pay attention to practical results in science.

Not a theory. "

Edison has original reasoning ability, and more importantly, he has an experimental attitude. Before he wants to do a kind of research, the first step must be

Prepare sufficient preparatory knowledge first, and then investigate what achievements our predecessors have made in this matter and what achievements they have made to our predecessors.

You don't believe it, but you have to do all kinds of experiments in your own special way. Therefore, new results are often found.

"Edison took the same road as others, and as a result, he often went to wasteland that others had never been to." He has a long history.

My assistant once said: This assistant tried a lot to make a certain compound, and finally failed, but so did Edison.

This method has obtained very satisfactory results.

Edison is always quite confident in his behavior, and no matter how others criticize his research, he will be criticized.

Ignore. When he studied the construction of buildings with iron reinforced soil, many people thought that pebbles added to iron reinforced soil would be soft.

If the cement sinks to the bottom, it will never succeed. But he succeeded according to his own plan. He often puts the established facts first.

Put it in your head and use his rich creativity.

He must write his research results in a notebook one by one, and give them to his assistant to put the experimental results back.

Record the results one by one and report to him once or several times a day. He visited all the rooms in the laboratory all day, guided and supervised, and had a good memory.

Qiang, he can remember all the experiments made by his assistants one by one, just like doing experiments by himself. The notebook used for experiments is thick.

About 200 pages, thousands since Menlo Park's time. There are dozens of him in many notebooks.

The achievement of an idea, design, picture, etc. In 2000, and countless experiments conducted by subordinates.

Edison attached great importance to practicality in his research work and never tied himself to abstract mathematical derivation and difficulties.

In the calculation. Ai Asimov, a famous American popular science writer, wrote: "Abstract knowledge rarely attracts Edison's attention.

He is a very practical person, and his interest lies in linking some abstract discoveries of others to make them practical and useful.

That device. "On one occasion, he asked his assistant to design the winding method of the coil in the generator. The assistant pulled it for several days, but nothing came of it.

Edison said to him, "Why don't you let the workers make some models?" You can try the rope around the model,

In this way, it is most reasonable to decide how to make a circle, rather than drawing imaginary lines on paper. "Assistant against it.

He said, "But what you said in your book has no basis!" Edison said, "If you can.

Use, what do you care! "Assistant tried as he said, and immediately found that this method is simple and practical.

Edison was not only an empty talk, but also persisted until the last moment when he left this world. When Edison was 77 years old,

When he 18 years old, someone asked him, "When will you retire?" He replied: the day of the funeral! At the age of 84, he also said

You must work for at least 15 years. You must work hard and finish everything you want before you retire. Another time, someone

When asked if he agreed to take a vacation for science 10 years, he replied: "Science will never take a day off. In the past billions of years.

Suddenly, it is working every minute, and it may continue to work like this. "

1 931August1day, Edison suddenly fainted while working in the west orange research institute. The news is shocking.

He is very ill in this world, but when he is a little better, he still keeps saying, "I hope to go to graduate school early."

Many of Edison's inventions were made to meet the needs of social production development at that time, but his earnest recognition

The scientific attitude of seeking truth and being pragmatic, the spirit of assiduous study and hard struggle, and the tenacious will of defying difficulties and obstacles.

An important factor in his success.

A talented organizer who is good at gathering talents.

American scholar Mack hart pointed out: "Edison has so many inventions because he is in New Jersey."

Monroe Park founded a laboratory with a large number of right-hand men engaged in research and manufacturing. This laboratory is the queen.

The primitive form of large laboratories established by many large industrial companies in the past. "

Another American scholar holds the same view. Asimov said: In Menlo Park Laboratory, "there are as many as eight people.

Legally qualified scientists work for him. "

Seligman, the author of American Business History, wrote: Edison "gathered a group of highly skilled talents and bought one."

Batch after batch of instruments and machines, urging themselves and their people to climb new heights in the technical field. He hired some well-trained people.

Scientist. "

Since18th century, in the United States and Western Europe, although the socialization of production has improved, the way of scientific research is still outdated.

Yes Scientists still do research independently, but they don't devote themselves to research work in an organized way. /kloc-end of 0/9, around

Exploring the application of electric power in technology has brought difficulties to Edison's scientific research work. Electricity, mechanics, chemistry and other disciplines.

The purpose is mutual infiltration, and a scientific research achievement is often a multidisciplinary synthesis. It turns out that Edison studied it by himself or by several people.

It is difficult to adapt to this situation. So he established the world's first industrial research laboratory in 1876, which he called "inventor".

Factory "; 188 1 established the first institute of science and technology, and organized many people with different majors, including disciplines.

There are more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers, including Upton who is proficient in mathematics and good at chemical analysis.

Finson, Hyde who inspected the ore and Professor Parker who provided information in time. Many of Edison's great inventions depend on it.

Success is a collective strength. Electric light is one of them. Edison trained a group of people to choose from different parts of the world.

Use the best bamboo as filament material, and finally choose a kind of bamboo made in Japan. From then on, people began to use real electricity.

Lights.

Whether in Newark or Menlo Park, the relationship between Edison and his workers was generous and friendly.

For example, Acheson resigned voluntarily after his request for a raise was rejected, but later returned to the laboratory. Edison listened to Acheson.

He smiled when he left. Once he said to Acheson, "There is a hydraulic press at the other end of the house. Get ready and do it for me. "

Horseshoe chalk ring. The outer diameter of this circle is one inch, the width of the filament is 25 thousandths of an inch, and the length is 2 thousandths of an inch.

Inches. I'll have someone give you a steel plate clamp and then make a mold to punch the filament. If you make this filament,

Can be installed in the lamp, I will give you a bonus of 100. "

Acheson made this filament and got a reward of 100. Edison signed a contract with him to build another 30 thousand.

Root. Acheson wrote: "I hired a man and a child to help me make it, and my technology became more and more skilled until it was made."

65438+6000 filaments, I can earn 12 dollars a day. "

Edison founded the first industrial experimental research institute, which opened up broad prospects for the development of science. Since then, science

Technical research work has changed from individual labor to collective cooperative labor. Edison has the largest number of "invention factories" in the world.

The predecessor of the large-scale experimental center of General Electric Company in the United States currently has thousands of researchers. This research center has existed for decades.

In recent years, it ranks among the best in the world in a wide range of research fields from electric power to nuclear power plants. So far, Edison's laboratory has been there and has become

A sacred place to commemorate.

When Edison was in middle age, he accumulated considerable capital and hired many technicians because he owned many patents.

Members and workers helped him design and trial-produce many scientific research projects. Without the help of technicians and workers, Edison

It is impossible to have so many inventions.

Edison still cherished talents and loved them in his later years. After graduating from the University of Iowa, an international student from China entered Edison's school.

Laboratory work. This laboratory mainly produces batteries. On the first day, Edison tested him and pointed to a pile of iron plates.

It's oxidized. Can it be recycled and refined into pure iron? With this question, international students study hard and are finally accepted.

He successfully refined it. Edison attached great importance to him and formally hired him. However, he was jealous of his American peers and was

China people, looked down upon by foreigners, have actually solved problems that Americans can't, so his boss makes things difficult for him everywhere. this

The foreign students felt that they couldn't stay any longer and offered to resign. After Edison knew it, he went to the apartment to visit him personally and asked him not to resign.

Post it. However, the international student expressed his determination to leave. Soon after, Christmas came, Edison bought a cake and visited again.

The foreign student was deeply moved by repeated persuasion and retention. When he left, the international students stood at the door looking at the venerable.

The old man left with tears in his eyes.

Edison is a man, not a god. Ronald W Clark, Edison's British biographer, believes that Eddie should not be regarded as.

Thomas Edison attributed all his inventions to himself. Edison is only one member of this vast field. Everyone is with Mr. Wang.

Force, mutual communication and promotion, make the invention an inevitable result. Obviously, this view is acceptable.

Both a worker and a dreamer

Edison was both a worker and a dreamer. As early as childhood, he wanted to know the mysteries of nature. He often says, big

Nature is full of mystery, and he wants to know it.

Edison likes thinking. He believes that thinking can make people happy. First of all, his ideas are rich.

Rich. When he devoted himself to mineral processing, he drew three drawings to explain to his technicians because he wanted to design a machine. That picture is just

Said that the outline was not completely drawn, and the technician complained to him that it was difficult to build a machine according to this drawing. He doesn't know how to do it either.

The teacher argued. After two days, I made 48 design drawings for the machine to be made and put them on the technician's desk silently.

Let's go Later, according to one of the pictures, a machine was built.

Edison didn't understand why some people were not interested in life. He likes not only thinking, but also working. Before him.

When he was 75 years old, someone asked him what his life was, and he replied, "Work. Discover the secrets of nature and use it for mankind.

Benefit. "He said that what he wanted to invent was enough for him to work for another 65,438+000 years.

Edison was not afraid of trouble, difficulty or failure. His life is always full of optimism. Edison's assistant

Edison was never discouraged in his research, no matter how he failed. His invention, like eating, no

Might disappear. He continued to invent until his death, especially the invention of "the weapon of peace" became his lifelong wish. Edison was great to the world.

Heroes are not exaggerating.

For most people, deafness will bring a lot of harm, but Edison can turn harm into benefit. Later, he often wittily thought

People say, "Deafness is a kind of gospel." Although he is deaf, he can still talk to people because what he can't hear is not the basic sound.

Ring is just a subtle change in music. This symptom is consistent with deafness.

In fact, he is only hearing impaired. This disease may be good for him to study business, and he later recalled himself.

When the operator said, "I can hear the rhythm of my telegram correctly, but I can't hear other distractions."

Voice, even can't hear the telegraph voice of colleagues in the big room around. "

Later, when he developed the early Bell telephone, he was forced to make a decision to improve it because of his poor hearing.

Finally, the carbon emitter, which is still crucial today, was born.

The invention of the phonograph is even more deaf. Edison said: "The essence of purity is deafness, which helped me perfect this machine."

Testing of equipment. I spent 20 years making piano music records, because piano music is full of Pan.

Sound. So I can do it-precisely because of my deafness. "

In addition, deafness brought another benefit to Edison, who was proficient in business. When dealing with people, he is especially

In the industrial and commercial circle full of intrigue and law of the jungle, Edison never reached a "verbal" agreement with people in the transaction, but.

Some terms must be written on white paper. This is a life-saving straw in a business world full of financial fraud and hooliganism.

When his invention was successfully applied by people, he was most proud of his achievements. He knew that people would learn.

How important is his useful invention to be used more, but he never talks about how great he is and

And I don't seem to think so. He likes the honor that people give him, but when there is no honor and he is not noticed, he will stick to it.

Work hard. Few people accept more honors than Edison. In his home in Gremont, there is a box with all his prizes.

A large glass cabinet for goods and medals. Someone asked him if he allowed the public to see these prizes and medals. Edison said he wanted to see the prize.

Anyone can see medals, but he doesn't understand why people are interested in prizes and medals. For example, Edison didn't remember.

Why did he open the cupboard door? He broke the glass on the cupboard door. When people asked him to tell the story of each medal and prize, he did it.

I can't remember.

Edison met and met many famous and important people in the world in his life. He had dinner with the king, but

Yes, he never believed that he was different. Although he is loyal to the people, he is indifferent to how the people become famous.

Interest.

He doesn't understand why others are particularly helpful to him. When he is old, he still can't understand this as he did when he was young. one

Next time, the manager of Pennsylvania Railroad Company decided to take the parcel off the train for Edison, which made Edison eat it very much.

He was surprised and didn't understand why the man did it.

Although Edison was not a proud man, he was not easy to accept other people's opinions. He pays attention to making use of other people's research results.

Fruit, but he is not superstitious about authority. When he improved the generator, he once challenged an electric authority. He didn't believe it was popular at that time.

What is the "General Law of Motors"? He said: "If the generator is designed according to this law, then the motor efficiency is only

50%, the cost of electric lights will be very expensive, so who can afford electric lights? I want to use practice to prove that the efficiency of the generator is still

But it can be improved. "He was not afraid of ridicule and ridicule from authoritative sources, and finally developed a generator with an efficiency of over 90%. (Follow-up)