Brother Yixiu in history - the romantic guest in Menggui, the crazy monk from the Five Mountains

He is the illegitimate son of Emperor Gomatsu. He has been extremely smart and talented since he was a child. He is one of the three most extraordinary monks in Japan, but he eats meat and wine. At the age of 77, he fell in love with a 40-year-old blind singer, which caused an uproar. He is the "crazy monk" in the eyes of the world and the most sincere person in history.

He is the well-known "Smart Ikkyu Brother", and in fact there is such a person in Japan. Yixiu Zongchun (1394-1481), whose Taoist name is Yixiu, Faba Zongchun, nicknamed Qianjuwan, and his nicknames are Kuangyunzi, Menggui, Blind Donkey, and the Old Monk of the World.

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Ikkyu once said arrogantly: "It is easy to enter the Buddhist world, but difficult to enter the devil world."

This sentence was on the Nobel Prize podium in 1968 , writer Kawabata Yasunari mentioned in his acceptance speech "I am in beautiful Japan":

"Ikkyu ate fish and drank wine, and was also close to women. He transcended the rules and precepts of Zen Buddhism and liberated himself from imprisonment. He came out to resist the shackles of the religion at that time, and determined to restore and establish human instinct and the nature of life in the hearts of the people who had collapsed due to the war."

Without the "Devil World", there would be no "Buddha". boundary". It is impossible for a weak-willed person to enter the demon world.

The so-called "Buddha world is easy to enter, but the devil world is difficult to enter" is probably because people in the world cannot withstand the temptation of color and desire, but are afraid that there are gods "three feet away". The kind of people who want to accept temptation, but The ambivalence of not daring to enter the demon world.

But the crazy monk dares to rest, and he can come and go freely in the demon world and the Buddhist world. He prefers discipline, is grotesque and magical, and is free and unrestrained. He is not afraid of the powerful and has the common people at heart. "Chronology of Monk Ikkyu" describes him this way: He let children climb on his knees to touch his beard, let wild birds peck from his hands, and went in and out of wine shops and singing houses without any scruples.

He lives more truly than anyone else, a living person with blood flowing, true feelings and sensuality.

People have always been weak, and people have always preferred to live in hypocritical and gorgeous illusions. Everyone painstakingly abides by the so-called rules and systems, looking for a little bit of their own existence in rituals and colors. Humble security.

But Ikkyu used his true feelings to tear apart all hypocrisy, and nakedly exposed the good, evil, beauty, ugliness, desire and greed of human nature in front of the world, in order to break the rules and rebuild the world's hearts.

Although Ikkyu sounds crazy, he is actually an innocent person.

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Ikkyu’s biological father was Emperor Komatsu during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Japan. According to legend, Ikkyu’s mother was originally from the Southern Dynasties. Teruko Fujiwara, the daughter of the aristocratic Fujiwara Kenjun, became an official of the emperor and was very favored, which aroused the jealousy of the queen. Gradually, rumors spread in the palace that she had "Nanzhi" and wanted to restore the Southern Dynasty. She was a spy sent by the Southern Dynasty to assassinate the emperor. Hiding a small sword in the sleeve of his robe, he attempted to assassinate the emperor. In the end, the emperor also became suspicious and expelled Teruko from the palace.

Other theories suggest that Ikkyu’s mother is Hino Nakaton’s daughter, Iyo Bureau. At that time, under the rule of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japan ended the confrontation between the north and the south that had lasted for more than sixty years. Since Ikkyu's mother was a member of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful minister of the defeated Southern Dynasties, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu After being forced by Manchurian, Emperor Komatsu expelled him from the palace.

On the first day of the first lunar month of the first year of Onei, a baby cried from an ordinary house in Sagano, Kyoto. The bells of Jōjikōji Temple came from afar, intertwined with the cries of the newborn prince. The blending makes it difficult for people to distinguish.

It’s cool in Kyoto in January, and the red maple leaves all over the mountains have withered into dust. It had just dawned, and in the mountain temple soaked in thick fog, the monks had already swept away the moss-covered stone steps, opened the mountain door, and lit sandalwood.

Just like this, in the lonely bells of Changjiguang Temple;

In the endless dappled sunlight sieved by the bamboo leaves in the Moon Forest;

In the years when the maple leaves on Xiaocang Mountain turned red and green, green and red again;

When Ikkyu grew up to five years old, his mother knew the cruelty of political struggle and reluctantly sent the young prince to a place near Kyoto. In Anguo Temple, he became the servant of the elder Xiang Waijiangong and was renamed Zhou Jian.

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During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, each warlord in Japan established an emperor and a member of the royal family as the emperor. At this time, on the surface the leader of the Northern Dynasty was Emperor Gomatsu, but in fact the third generation general of the Muromachi Shogunate, General Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, held great power. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was particularly wary of the emperor and his heirs, especially Ikkyu, who was known among the people for his intelligence. At this time, Ikkyu was far away from his biological mother and without the protection of his father. He relied on his intelligence and wisdom to grow into a famous monk day by day in this crisis-ridden environment.

When he was 13 years old, Yixiu studied poetry with Muzhe Longfan. It is said that he wrote one poem a day, and "Changmen Spring Grass" was written at that time:

Autumn Desolate Changxin The beauty sings, and there is no matchmaker on the path to the shade of the garden.

Honor, disgrace, sorrow and joy are all things at present. Where your kindness is shallow, the grass is deep.

When he was 15 years old, he wrote "Spring Clothes and Staying in Flowers", which became famous for a while:

? When the poet sings about his love, hundreds of flowers bloom and fall, and the world is clear.

? Sleeping in the pillow with the fragrant breeze, an indistinct spring dream.

When he was 17 years old, he studied under the master Qianweng Zongwei of Xijin Temple. Five years later, Qianweng Zongwei passed away. The passionate Ikkyu was so sad that he once wanted to commit suicide by throwing himself into Lake Biwa.

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At the age of 25, Ikkyu accidentally heard the flat song "Geou Falls from Favor" played by a blind man. It talked about the singing and dancing girl Gio because of another singing and dancing girl "Buddha Gozen" appeared and lost favor. Ikkyu remembered his mother becoming enlightened for the first time.

Hua Sou gave him the Taoist name "Yixiu" with the meaning of "stop everything, let go of everything", and it was only then that the name Yixiu Zongchun was spread.

"Yixiu" comes from "Ji Xiu Song" written by Linji Zhongfeng of Tianmu Mountain in the Yuan Dynasty of China:

A Taoist's rest is a rest, and does not wait for morning and evening to merge into spring and autumn.

There is no need for a second thought during this break, only when the thought is fully absorbed.

Those who are committed to Buddhism should focus on the "first rest". No matter the spring, autumn, morning or evening, the season, the cause, or the situation, they should rest when they are told to rest, and rest at the moment. Through "one rest", one can reach the Buddha's path, be able to act sincerely, and be free and easy to understand.

Ikkyu once wrote a Buddhist song

"There is no leakage in the ground, and there is no leakage in the ground. In one rest, the rain falls and the wind blows."

Explained the number , which means that if you want to return from the realm of form to the realm of space, you can take a short break. The heavy rain will fall from it, and the strong wind will blow on the ground.

In the Buddhist song, Ikkyu imagines that he is wandering between the gloomy shore and the pure shore. When you are tired, you should let nature take its course and rest, and you should not be entangled in troubles.

Life is nothing more than a painful practice, a necessary process. Regardless of wind or rain, we must maintain the state of "nothing outside the heart" and a "normal heart", respect human nature, maintain true feelings, and not be enslaved by external things, only then can we be truly free.

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Just like an ordinary summer night, I take a small boat on Lake Biwa and sit quietly in meditation. The night is getting deeper, the cool moon is sinking in the west, and the night sky is like water. , letting the dew soak the clothes.

Suddenly, a long crow of crows pierced the silent world, and also pierced Yixiu who melted into the night.

After this moment, the world returned to silence.

"I can hear the dark crow of the crow, and my parents were truly lovable before they were alive."

The crow does not crow in the dark night, but just now in this long deserted night , clearly heard the crow's cry, is it a dream? Is it an illusion?

In a trance, Ikkyu saw his father. In the Spring Palace, wisteria surrounded the corridors, wicker branches hung on the ground, cherry blossoms were in full bloom, and the little Emperor Gomatsu was sitting upright in gorgeous clothes. Ah, there is also mother, who has just entered the palace, wearing a red gown, smiling and playing the piano.

In the blink of an eye, Ikkyu saw his emaciated mother lying alone in a cold little room in Sagano. There was a ticking sound, and the tears from the corner of her mother's eyes hit the falling red leaves.

I am invisible and alone. I should be the prince, but why am I here? Which one is your true self? Which one is the source? What is reality?

I remember a poem in Wang Changling's "Chang Xin Qiu Ci"

"The golden palace is opened with a broom, and the fan is temporarily worn back. The jade color is not as good as the jackdaw color, especially with the Zhaoyang's shadow comes."

The poem writes about Ban Jieyu who fell out of favor. In the eyes of the emperor, her beauty was not as good as Jackdaw's, and her worth was not as good as that of sister Zhao Feiyan, who was born as a commoner. The former beloved concubine had to pick up a broom, sweep the Golden Palace, and wait for the Queen Mother in the Changxin Palace together with other maids holding round fans. Not far away, Zhaoyang Palace, where Sister Zhao Feiyan lived, was singing and dancing every night, and even the crows flying from Zhaoyang Palace still carried the aura of Zhaoyang Palace.

Isn’t this the mother’s fate? The beautiful young beauty is gradually withering away in this empty Sagano. I wonder what my mother's state of mind is when she looks at the imperial palace in Kyoto.

As the sky grew brighter, it seemed that all the troubles had disappeared with the morning fog, and it suddenly became enlightened. I took up my pen and wrote "Hearing the crow, you will know":

? Ten years ago, I knew my feelings. My heart is filled with anger and great opportunity.

The crow laughs out of the Arhat fruit, and the shadow of the sun shines on the jade face.

In the poem, Ikkyu laughs at himself for being cynical ten years ago. Now, if he thinks about it, how can he be truly enlightened if he only sticks to the world? In this case, even the crows would probably laugh. Although honor and disgrace in the world are impermanent, the ups and downs of fate and the joys and sorrows of human relationships are just a passing cloud. It's time to let it go and become an Arhat, no longer worrying about the troubles in this world.

At dawn, Yixiu presented his enlightenment gains to his master Huasou.

Hua Sou said: "What you have achieved is the realm of the Hinayana Arhat, and you cannot be called a harmonious eminent monk."

After a pause and a smile, he replied: "The realm of the Hinayana Arhat is enough. , I don’t want to become a Mahayana monk."

Hearing this, Hua Sou couldn’t help but praise: "This is the realm of Arhat!"

Hua Sou admitted that he had achieved enlightenment in a short period of time, so he decided to spread the word. His mantle and "yinkezhu", which symbolizes honor and status, were handed over to Ikkyu. Unexpectedly, Yixiu walked away without even looking at him.

Hua Sou had no choice but to entrust someone else to keep it for the time being, and told him to hand it over to Yixiu in the future.

Reputation is both a crown and a shackle. Such a free person, how could Ikkyu endure being restricted to a piece of paper? Crazy Monk Yixiu never wants to live in the eyes of others. He doesn't need the approval of others, and he doesn't look down on the rotten flattery of the world. Afterwards, Huasou died of illness, and the client handed the "Yin Kezhu" to Yixiu. Yixiu immediately took it out, tore it into pieces, and threw it into the fire.

Senior brother Yangsou claimed to be the heir of Huasou, took over the position of head, and started a large-scale construction project in Dade Temple to build a luxurious palace. Yixiu believed that luxury was not in line with the original intention of his master, and also violated the teachings of poverty and asceticism, so he left a wild poem

"The descendants of Hua Sou don't know Zen, who can talk about Zen in front of the crazy clouds? For thirty years, one person has carried the heavy weight on his shoulders. He Songyuan Zen."

After leaving Dade Temple, he traveled around with his shoes and bamboo stick, reciting Chinese poems, like a madman.

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Ikkyu often wears a wooden sword when walking around. Someone asked him why he wears a wooden sword.

Yixiu replied: "Today's hypocritical monks are like wooden swords. The sword is in the scabbard (a metaphor for the monk in the Zen room). It looks like a white blade. When the sword is drawn out, it is actually a piece of wood. It kills people alive. Impossible." This is the origin of the "Ikkyu Zhu Dachi Statue" in the Tokyo National Museum.

Ikkyu used this wooden sword to satirize the hypocrisy of Zen Buddhism at that time, indicating that he did not want to associate with hypocritical monks and mediocre monks in this troubled world, and wanted to stay away from this place of right and wrong under the melon fields and plums, and concentrate on practice.

In the eyes of the world, Yixiu only needs to wear a golden cassock, and they will worship him wholeheartedly. What ordinary people worship is only the title of the eminent monk;

What they need is just a sense of form, a perfect idol in fantasy.

As for whether the person under the purple and gold robe is a human or a pig, it actually doesn't matter.

But Yixiu was so arrogant, he was unwilling to grovel and worship the false glory of the world.

He also doesn't want to be a group with the diverse people. Being meek and kind has never been an adjective for the mad monk Yixiu. He despises people's false laughter and empty worship.

Ikkyu has long seen through that superficial rules and twisted moral standards are nothing but gorgeous shrouds for people’s minds!

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This arrogant monk seems to be arrogant, but he actually has true feelings and extremely soft heart. After the war in Japan, the people were in dire straits, and everyone saw it.

One day Ikkyu was invited to a tea banquet hosted by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa.

As soon as Ashikaga Yoshimasa saw Ikkyu, he boasted to him that his grandfather Ashikaga Yoshimitsu had built the Golden Pavilion Temple, and he wanted to imitate it and build a Silver Pavilion. Then he showed Ikkyu the rare antique tea sets he had collected.

Ikkyu said that he also has three treasures: the straw mat that Emperor Tenchi used when watching the moon, my crutch, and Zhou Guangbo's tea bowl.

Ashikaga Yoshimasa was so happy that he immediately took out three thousand kan to buy these three treasures for Ikkyu.

As soon as Xiu took the money, he distributed it to the people on the road. He asked his disciples to fetch the straw mats that had been left in the backyard the day before for begging, the chipped tea bowls used to feed the cats, and then pull out a piece of bamboo for the fence, and presented them to Ashikaga Yoshimasa.

Ashikaga Yoshimasa was furious and came to arrest Ikkyu.

Ikkyu said sternly: "Today, in the mountain city area, people are starving and dying, and there is about to be a rebellion. You are still passionate about the tea ceremony, and you do not hesitate to invest tens of thousands of dollars in antiques."

Ashikaga Yoshimasa came to his senses and introduced Ikkyu to the throne.

It is a pity that Ashikaga Yoshimasa failed to accept the advice. In 1467, the "Onin Rebellion" broke out. After ten years of war, the prosperous Kyoto was reduced to ruins.

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At the age of sixteen, Ikkyu moved into the shogunate's Imperial Zen Temple, which was closely related to the Ashikaga Shogun family. —Kenninji Temple in Kyoto.

At that time, Japanese Buddhism was extremely glamorous on the surface, but internally it was already degenerate and empty. Many warriors and nobles had no intention of worshiping the Buddha, but they became monks here one after another to cling to the powerful. Comparing one's origin and family status has become very popular in temples.

Ikkyu was extremely disdainful of this. He often covered his ears and went out of the hall, saying: "In this world, when discussing people in Jungle Mountain Temple, one must discuss the dignity of the clan. Is this tolerable, but which one is intolerable?"

In the end, Yixiu left angrily with the sentence "Discussing names in the law hall is like hundreds of officials paying homage to Zichen."

Master Mu Zhe was filled with admiration and said to him: "Now the Zen sect is decaying and cannot be supported by one pillar. But thirty years from now, your words will cause great shock and bring about innovation. You must first concentrate on practicing well." , be patient and wait."

Ikkyu disdains all worldly forms, his perception is not correct, and his precepts are ineffective.

The important thing is to perceive and find the true self, rather than blindly sticking to the form. Eventually, you will be trapped in the external form and lose your authenticity.

When Ikkyu was forty-three years old, it happened to be the 100th anniversary of the founding of the National Master.

The monks gathered together to chant sutras, and Ikkyu took a woman there and stayed in the nunnery to talk and laugh.

This caused an uproar in the Zen sect, and all the monks pointed out that Ikkyu was too dissolute.

Yixiu retorted: "Famous prostitutes talk about love, and eminent monks talk about Zen. They are really different but have the same purpose." In Yixiu's view, Kaishan Guoshi would not accept the chanting of sutras by those evil scum of hypocritical monks. Just like a woman's love affair is more in line with her true nature.

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In the eyes of the world, the craziest thing that happened to Ikkyu was when he was seventy-seven and forty. The love story of the blind geisha Mori lasted for more than ten years.

In the second year of civilization, in mid-winter, I visited the Medicine Hall during a break and heard a blind girl singing an erotic song. I was deeply moved. On that day, Yixiu wrote in "The Gathering of Wild Clouds":

? "You travel to the Medicine Master's Hall, and the poisonous gas is my intestines.

? Ashamed and unaware of the snow and frost, I sing all the cold autumn songs. "

Falling in love with Mori, who was despised by everyone, made Ikkyu feel the preciousness and happiness of being loved. Although Ikkyu was already seventy-seven years old at this time, his love was still as passionate as fire. He wrote for Mori He wrote more than twenty love poems, and boldly expressed the joy of love, such as:

"Ti Yinfang"

The beauty is in love with the river deep in the clouds and rain, and the old Zen in the building is upstairs. Yin.

I hold my eyelashes and kiss my heart, and my mind is free of fire.

? "Night Talk in the Dream Girl"

Sometimes there are rivers and seas, sometimes mountains. The Taoist outsider lives in the midst of fame and fortune.

Night after night, he spends his time on the Zen couch, whispering romantically.

The scale of these poems is staggering, even though in Japan at that time, Zen monks and women were very popular. Adultery is an open secret, but these Zen monks are sanctimonious on the surface. Some Zen monks are even forced to pursue male sex under the command of abstinence. Through his love with Mori, Ikkyu reveals the hypocrisy and ugliness of these people and awakens people's pursuit of true beauty. .

The world defines "crazy" as breaking the rules and regulations, but in the eyes of Ikkyu, "madness" and "authenticity" are two sides of the same coin. Really, that's the big "madness".

In his later years, Ikkyu built a tomb tower in Huo'en Temple, which became his and Mori's tomb. At the end of his life, he also promised to love Mori for three lifetimes. My wish: "Ten years of love buried under flowers, a romantic and infinite love. Say goodbye to the pillow, children and knees, the night is cloudy and rainy for about three lifetimes. "Such a true feeling is really touching.

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In his later years, Ikkyu wrote "Skeletons", using a dream about skeletons to warn the world. The splendor and splendor are just fleeting illusions.

“Human beings are just skeletons covered with colorful skins. When men and women fall in love, they only see their colors. Once breathing ceases, the body becomes corrupted, loses its color, and the desire for love disappears. You can no longer tell who was rich and powerful and who was poor and lowly. Remember, there is a skeleton under your skin, waiting to reveal its true form. "

Everything in this world is temporary and superficial. Even the external forms and clothing of religion are just the skin on the bones. Why not take it off in just one life? On the surface, live a more sincere and comfortable life.

This "wind-crazed man" blows up the wind and goes to and from prostitutes and wine shops. "The crazy monk who died at the age of eighty-eight composed a stanza: "On the south bank of Sumeru, who knows how to meditate? It's a vain hall, not worth half a penny. "

He wrote and died with his eyes closed. Two famous Zen masters in the Southern Song Dynasty, Songyuan Chongyue and Xutang Zhiyu, were worthless in the eyes of Ikkyu.

Ikkyu had been "crazy" all his life. He continued to do so even until his death.

This eminent monk who was "full of fresh air in his tattered clothes" sympathized with the world with a kind of madness, and used his unruly spirit to criticize the shackles of patriarchal traditions and the hypocrisy of the world. He was poor but not poor, and used his true feelings to set off a surge of innocence in the post-war Japan where evil was rampant at that time.

In this world, the place of true happiness, after all, is still in the temple.

< p>What is the reason for the empty space and color?

The sky is endless, the earth is endless, and the snow is burning again. /p>