Huang Kan said that sending telegrams in classical Chinese saves money. Hu Shi gave an example.

1. Hu Shi is arguing with his students about which is simpler, classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese. Hu Shi was one of the earliest advocates and practitioners of the New Culture Movement. Because the vernacular Chinese advocated by the New Culture Movement was a new thing, the opposition in the society was extremely fierce at that time. Great scholars who opposed the vernacular movement included Wu Mi, Huang Kan, Lin Shu, Mei Guangdi, Zhang and others, especially Huang Kan.

Huang Kan, a great disciple of Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, is famous for his arrogance and meanness. On one occasion, Huang Kan said to Hu Shi, "You advocate vernacular Chinese, which is not sincere!" Hu Shi asked him why he said this, and Huang Kan replied seriously: "If you really advocate vernacular Chinese, you should not call it Hu Shi, but what to do." This remark made him hit three times, and Hu Shize turned pale with anger.

Huang Kan once again praised the wisdom of classical Chinese in his lectures, for example, "If Hu Shi's wife dies, his family will send a telegram saying,' Your wife is dead! "Come back!" It only needs 1 1 words, while classical Chinese only needs four words, which can save two-thirds of the telegram fee. "

This time, Hu Shi hit back, brilliant to amazing. Also in class, when Hu Shi talked about the benefits of vernacular Chinese, a classmate asked unconvinced: Mr. Hu, does it mean that vernacular Chinese has no shortcomings at all? Hu Shi said with a smile, No, the students remembered Huang Kan's argument of saving money by telegraphing in classical Chinese, and retorted, Why not? If the vernacular is not concise, telegrams use more words and spend more money. Hu Shi said: Not necessarily. Why don't we do an experiment? A friend of the Executive Yuan wrote to me the other day and invited me to be the secretary of the Executive Yuan. I didn't want to go into politics, so I sent a telegram and refused. The reply is written in vernacular, which is very economical. If students are interested, you can help me write a message in classical Chinese to see whether to save money in vernacular Chinese or classical Chinese.

As expected, the students drafted drafts one after another. Finally, Hu Shi picked out the one with the least words and the most complete expression from the telegram, and its content was "I'm afraid I'm not competent, so I'm afraid I won't do it." Hu Shi said humorously after reading it: "This telegram is only 12, which is concise, but it is still too long. I only need five words in the vernacular: I can't do it, thank you. " Later, Hu Shi explained: "I can't do it" means that I am ignorant and afraid of being competent. "Thank you" means both thanking my friends for their painstaking introduction and declining. It can be seen that the conciseness of language does not lie in using vernacular or classical Chinese. As long as the words are used properly, vernacular Chinese can be more concise than classical Chinese.

Hu Shi's incisive exposition is a counterattack against Huang Kan's argument of "saving money by telegrams in classical Chinese". Hearing this, the students could not help nodding their heads in agreement. With the unremitting efforts of Hu Shi and others, vernacular Chinese finally replaced classical Chinese.

2. A story about Hu Shi: 500 words In the early 1930s, Hu Shi was a professor in Peking University. When giving lectures, he often praised the vernacular, which caused some students who only liked classical Chinese but didn't like vernacular. Once, while Hu was making a triumphant speech, a student surnamed Wei suddenly stood up and asked angrily, "Mr. Hu, is there really no shortcoming in vernacular Chinese?" Hu Shi smiled and replied: "No", and the students were even more excited: "There must be! Most of the vernacular nonsense, telegrams use more words and spend more money. " Hu Shi's eyes suddenly lit up. He explained softly, "not necessarily! A few days ago, a friend telegraphed me and asked me to work in the * * * department. I decided not to go, so I called back and refused. The reply is written in vernacular, which seems to save words. Please write a reply in classical Chinese as I mean, and see if the length is in vernacular or classical Chinese? " As soon as Professor Hu finished speaking, the students began to write seriously. Fifteen minutes later, Hu Shi asked the students to raise their hands and report the number of words, and then selected a telegram with the least number of words in classical Chinese. The telegram said, "I am too ignorant to be competent. I can't do what I want." The vernacular means: without profound knowledge, I'm afraid it's difficult to undertake this job and I can't obey the arrangement. Hu Shi said this way of writing. Hu Shi also explained: "If you can't do it," it means that you are too knowledgeable and afraid of being competent; "Thank you" means not only thanking your friends for their introduction, but also refusing. So there is not much nonsense, regardless of whether it is classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese. As long as you pay attention to the choice of words, vernacular Chinese can save more words than classical Chinese.

3. The representative who insisted on using classical Chinese: Huang Kan, a representative who insisted on using classical Chinese and opposed the use of vernacular Chinese in history, worked with Hu Shi and taught at Peking University. He is one of the celebrities who oppose vernacular Chinese.

At a banquet, Hu Shi talked endlessly about Mohism.

Mozi loves everything. In order to test whether Hu Shi had studied at home, Huang Kan began to call names.

I didn't know that Hu Shi had only learned a little about Mohism. After hearing Huang Kan scold him, he was furious, so Huang Kan laughed at him. After the banquet, Huang Kan talked about the advantages of classical Chinese and directed the war at Hu Shi.

Huang Kan said: "If Hu Shi's wife dies, his family will send a telegram saying,' Your wife is dead, come back quickly!'" "In classical Chinese, it is enough to use the word' wife's funeral'."

1July, 926, Hu Shi traveled to Moss.

In a letter to a friend, Coe wrote: "When I went to the Soviet Union and saw people struggling for their ideals, I deeply felt that China's' new politicians' had a big problem besides not studying problems and not recruiting talents.

There is no ideal, no idealism ... they are doing an unprecedented great new political experiment here; They have ideals, plans and absolute self-confidence, which are enough to make us die of shame. We, people who lead a drunken life.

How to criticize the Soviet Union! "

Although Hu Shi was questioned at home, he insisted on new culture, accepted new experiments, opposed corruption and looked at the world.

On the main battlefield of the New Culture Movement, there are Hu Shi's good friends Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, whose thoughts are in line with the development direction of world culture.

Therefore, after Huang Kan scolded Hu Shi, the classical Chinese eventually became history, and the vernacular Chinese occupied the later cultural position. "Losing his wife and returning soon" has also become an allusion to the dispute between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese.

4. Anecdote about Huang Kan Huang Kan mistook China ink for a side dish: 19 15 years ago, Huang Kan, a famous scholar, gave a lecture on Chinese studies at Peking University.

He lives in Datong apartment in Baimiao Hutong, Beijing. He devoted himself to studying "Chinese studies" all day. Sometimes he doesn't go out to eat. He prepared steamed bread, peppers, soy sauce and other condiments and put them on his desk. Eat steamed bread when you are hungry, watch it while eating, and don't eat it. When he saw the beautiful scenery, he shouted, "Great!" Once, I was so fascinated by reading that I actually put steamed bread in a cinnabar box. After eating for a long time, I painted a red face and didn't notice it. A friend came to visit and smiled. He still doesn't know what to laugh at him. Huang Kan, a disciple of Zhang Taiyan, won the master's samadhi academically, and later generations have the reputation of "learning from Huang Zhang"; His temperament is like his teacher, laughing and cursing, relying on talent and arrogance, and acting willfully, so people called him "puffed up" and "yellow crazy" at that time.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/908, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi died of illness, and the Qing court ordered "national mourning" to be held everywhere. Tian Huan, a college student and member of the League, expressed his dissatisfaction when he cried. Yang Zixu, the dean of the church, hung a tiger's head card and threatened to expel Tian Huan from school.

Huang Kan was furious, broke into the school, smashed the old tiger's head card, cursed and left. A few days later, Tian Huan took the lead in braiding to show anti-Qing dynasty. Yang Zixu got angry and hung a tiger sign. When Huang Kan heard the news, he rushed into the school with a wooden stick, smashed the tiger brand first, and then beat up Yang Zixu.

In July, Huang Kan was expelled from Yu He Middle School for propagating the revolution. On his way home via Hankou, comrades and friends of the League gave a banquet to welcome him. During the dinner, when talking about the Qing court, Huang Kan was furious with the upsurge of the revolutionary wave. That night, Huang Kan wrote a book entitled Chaos, a panacea for saving China. When the article was published, public opinion was in an uproar. Newspapers all over the country reported or reprinted the full text, which made the Qing court frightened.

Huang Kan not only has revolutionary heroic deeds, but also has the interests of many celebrities. On one occasion, he rose in class and talked about Hu Shi and vernacular Chinese: who is better or worse in vernacular Chinese? For example, when Hu Shi's wife died, his family sent a telegram to inform Hu Shi himself that if he used classical Chinese, "his wife will come back soon after her death"; If you use the vernacular, write "Your wife is dead, come back soon" 1 1. Telegrams are twice as expensive as classical Chinese, and the audience laughs. Huang Kan used to teach at Central University.

The school requires teachers and students to wear school badges when entering and leaving the school gate, but Huang Kan doesn't. Seeing that the man was not wearing the school badge, the doorman asked for a business card. Huang Kan actually said: "I am a business card myself, take me for example!" In the dispute, the headmaster came out to adjust and apologize. There are many celebrities teaching in Central University. Most of them are in suits and ties, going in and out by car, or at least chartered cars.

Only Huang Kan came in and out of the school gate, wearing a long gown or robe that was neither old nor new, and wrapped some books he often read with a piece of green cloth. On rainy days, other professors wear rubber shoes to school, and Huang Kan wears a pair of homemade leather spikes to prevent mud from splashing. On a sunny day, after class, he put on his casual shoes, put his spikes in a newspaper bag and left school. The new doorman didn't know Huang Kan. Seeing that he was rustic and had a bag of things with him, he came forward to ask and check the paper bag. Huang Kan put down the paper bag and left, never going to class again. The dean saw that Professor Huang had not arrived for several days.

Huang Kan kept his mouth shut, and the dean didn't know why, so he hurried to report to the headmaster. The headmaster personally came to the door and asked again and again. Huang Kan said: "The school should respect teachers, and even check the teachers' spikes. What a scandal? " The headmaster apologized again and again, and then asked celebrities to persuade him, to no avail. Of course, the madness of people with lofty ideals and the passion of celebrities are not the whole picture of Huang Kan. I'm afraid his preciseness and devotion to academics are the root of his temperament.

Huang Kan's scholarship is very rigorous, and he is very cautious and serious about his writings. Books on classics, history, language and writing have been read for dozens of times, and I am familiar with the fact that I can quote specific articles, page numbers and lines at will, with almost no mistakes. Even so, it is not easy to write.

He often said that there are five ways to learn: "first, don't deceive others;" Second, people who don't know know nothing; Third, don't recite what they have learned; Fourth, be responsible for future generations; Fifth, don't steal. " Huang Kan often teaches students that China's knowledge is like casting copper on the mountain and boiling salt in the sea, which is endless.

As a scholar, I know something every day, and I don't know something every day. You can't be complacent about inventing something today. In fact, the so-called invention is not necessarily an invention.

Hu Shi first put forward vernacular Chinese, but I heard that he also opposed vernacular Chinese, didn't he? Huang Zunxian was the first to put forward the creation of vernacular literature. He believes that the integration of language and literature has made western countries popularize culture, develop science and technology and make social progress. China's separation of language and writing is the root of backwardness and the tool of ignorance. He thinks that classical Chinese misleads the country.

Hu Shi put forward the idea of replacing classical Chinese with vernacular Chinese, which was published in New Youth in June of 5438+09 17. He put forward the viewpoints of "literature of an era" and "today's literature should be authentic in vernacular Chinese", and advocated the combination of words and literature in writing about today's society.

As for his opposition to vernacular Chinese, I have never heard of it. I remember that there were great scholars Wu Mi, Huang Kan, Lin Shu, Mei Guangdi and Zhang who opposed Hu Shi's vernacular movement at that time. Tell a joke about Huang Kan poking fun at Hu Shi;

Huang Kan advocated classical Chinese and opposed vernacular Chinese. He praised the wisdom of classical Chinese, citing only one example: "If Hu Shi's wife dies, his family will send a telegram in vernacular Chinese and say,' Your wife is dead! "Come back!" Eleven words long. Classical Chinese only needs the word' wife's funeral', which can save two-thirds of the telegram fee. "On one occasion, Huang Kan said to Hu Shi:" You advocate the vernacular, not sincere! " Hu Shi asked him why he made this statement. Huang Kan primly replied: "If you really advocate vernacular Chinese, you should not call it Hu Shi, but what to do." This remark made him hit three times, and Hu Shize turned pale with anger.

The time is around the May 4th Movement. Hu Shi put forward the idea of replacing classical Chinese with vernacular Chinese, which was published in New Youth in June of 5438+09 17+0.

6. About Hu Shi's short stories, 50 words "the first matchmaker of the Republic of China"

Hu Shi has the reputation of "the first matchmaker in the Republic of China" and has made contributions to countless sentient families. He likes to watch young people fall in love and combine, and has presided over 150 weddings.

According to the known records, this 150 marriage is mostly Hu Shi's peers and junior scholars, mostly academic couples. Most wedding venues are in China. However, there was a wedding hosted by Hu Shi in the United States, and there were photos of the wedding scene, but so far no researchers have made it public.

Hu Shi's diary (1939 May 12) recorded his marriage in the United States. He wrote:

Today, the curator of our library, You Jun, held a wedding with Ms. Zhang Taizhen. Ms. Zhang is the daughter of Mr. Zhang Lvao, who came with the Shanghai Troupe. When I was sick in new york, they were performing in new york, so Wen Jian and Ms. Zhang often met, and then they got engaged. I married them.

give up

In the early 1930s, Hu Shi was a professor in Peking University. In his lectures, he often praised the vernacular, which aroused the dissatisfaction of some students who only like classical Chinese but don't like vernacular.

Once, when Hu Shizheng was speaking proudly, a student surnamed Wei suddenly stood up and asked angrily, "Mr. Hu, is there really no defect in the vernacular?" Hu Shi smiled and replied: "No", and the students were even more excited: "There must be! Most of the vernacular nonsense, telegrams use more words and spend more money. " Hu Shi's eyes suddenly lit up. He explained softly, "not necessarily! A few days ago, a friend telegraphed me and asked me to work in the * * * department. I decided not to go, so I called back and refused. The reply is written in vernacular, which seems to save words. Please write a reply in classical Chinese as I mean, and see if the length is in vernacular or classical Chinese? " As soon as Professor Hu finished speaking, the students began to write seriously.

Fifteen minutes later, Hu Shi asked the students to raise their hands and report the number of words, and then chose a telegram with the least number of words in classical Chinese. The message is written like this:

I'm afraid I'm incapable of doing what I'm asked to do.

Hu Shi said, this is really good, only twelve words. But my vernacular telegram only used five words:

"No, thanks!"

Hu Shi also explained: "If you can't do it," it means that you are too knowledgeable and afraid of being competent; "Thank you" means to thank a friend for his introduction, but it also means to refuse. So there is not much nonsense, whether it is classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese. As long as you pay attention to the choice of words, vernacular Chinese can save more words than classical Chinese.

7. From what aspects does the article describe Huang Kan? Please give examples separately. (4 points)

The article describes Huang Kan from three aspects: the madness of people with lofty ideals, the passion of celebrities and the rigor of scholars.

(2) For example: A. The madness of people with lofty ideals: Write an article "Chaos, a panacea to save China" to attack corruption in the Qing court and support the revolutionary wave.

B: During my teaching in Central University, I never wore a school badge, a business card and rustic clothes, and I had many conflicts with the doorman.

C. Scholars are rigorous: all the books I have taught have been repeated dozens of times, with almost no mistakes. I refuse to write easily and educate students to learn endlessly.

This topic examines students' ability to screen information and grasp the meaning of the text. To solve this problem, we should first read the full text according to the requirements of the stem, screen out the sentences with reasonable information in the original text, and then refine them.

This paper analyzes that "the madness of people with lofty ideals and the passion of celebrities are certainly not the whole picture of Huang Kan, but his preciseness and devotion to academics are probably the root of his temperament" is a transitional sentence, from which we can get the answer.

According to Huang Kan in the seventh paragraph, what are the academic characteristics of China, what attitude should he take and what contribution should he make? (Answer in your own words) (5 points)

The characteristics of China's study are extensive, all-encompassing and endless.

2 academic attitude: rigorous and realistic, not deceiving the world and stealing fame, with awe.

(3) Contribution: Academic research is realistic and responsible for future generations.

This question examines students' ability to grasp local meaning.

Analyze the relevant sentences in the seventh paragraph, and then answer them in your own words according to your own understanding. Find out the relevant sentences: the characteristics of China's study: China's study is like casting copper on the mountain, boiling the sea for salt, and it is endless; Academic attitude: first, don't lie, second, people who don't know are ignorant, third, don't recite what they have learned, and fifth, don't steal; Contribution: Four days for posterity.

2 1. What is the author's intention to describe Huang Kan in this way? (6 points)

Reference answer ① depicts the rich personality of the characters from many aspects, so that readers can understand the master more comprehensively.

② Reflect the authenticity of biographical literature.

(3) In order to express the need of the theme of the article, the theme of the article is to depict Huang Kan's crazy, stubborn and rigorous personality, and naturally he will choose some interesting articles to write.

This topic examines and evaluates the author's material selection ability and expression skills.

The analysis of the author's material selection and performance characteristics is to show Huang Kan's crazy, stubborn and rigorous personality and better enrich the characters.

8. Summary of Huang Kan's Past There are three famous "lunatics" among the literati in the Republic of China, one is Zhang Taiyan, who is called "Zhang Madman" by Huang Xing, the other is Liu, and the other is Huang Kan, who is called "Huang Madman".

Interestingly, these three men were not only masters of Chinese studies during the Republic of China, but also Zhang Taiyan, Liu and Huang Kan. The common characteristics of these three people are: profound knowledge and eccentric temper.

Among them, Huang Kan is famous for his big temper and strange personality. Huang Kan was born in Qichun, Hubei.

Father Huang Yungu, whose real name is Xiangyun, was born a scholar. I worked as a salt tea ceremony in Sichuan, a magistrate in Chengdu, and a provincial judge in Sichuan. He is a famous minister and scholar of Erpin in Qing Dynasty, and he has written a lot. Huang Kan began to recite Tang poetry and Song poetry at the age of 3, and taught reading at the age of 4.

Huang Kan is smart and studious, and has shown great talent since he was a child. Huang Kan is not only brilliant, but also a famous dutiful son.

After the death of his biological mother Zhou Ruren, Huang Kan specially asked his old friend Su to draw a picture of "Dream of Mother's Grave" and wrote a painful eulogy. Forced by livelihood, Huang Kan often teaches everywhere and carries a coffin with him. For a while, he became a man of the hour, but Huang Kan still went his own way.

This coffin was made by Huangfu when he was an official in Sichuan, because it was too small and was left to Mrs. Tian. Mrs Tian is from Fu Huang in law, and Huang Kan regards Fu Tian as her biological mother.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/922, Mrs. Tian died, and Huang Kan briefly described her life in her diary. There is a cloud at the end of the article: "I am lonely and sad!" Lonely Huang Kan wept blood. "

Every birth mother, loving mother's birthday and death, Huang Kan will lead his family to sacrifice, and he will be very sad. 1903, 18-year-old Huang Kan was admitted to Wuhan General School with excellent results, which is a new middle school founded by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang.

Because of the old relationship between his father and Zhang Zhidong, 1905, Huang Kan was officially sent to Waseda University to study, and happened to live with Zhang Taiyan. There is a saying about Huang Kan's acquaintance with Zhang Taiyan.

At that time, Huang Kan lived upstairs and Zhang Taiyan lived downstairs. One night, Huang was so anxious that he couldn't go to the toilet, so he untied his pants from the upstairs window and fell down.

At this time, Zhang Taiyan was reading at night, when suddenly a stream of urine splashed down like a waterfall, and he couldn't help yelling loudly. Huang Kan, who was born in a noble family, was young and impetuous and was scolded back.

Don't scold strangers. After exchanging names, both sides know each other's names, so they turn to study, and the more they talk, the more speculative they become. Zhang Taiyan is a master of Park Studies, so Huang Kan calls himself a disciple.

Since then, Master Huang Kan has studied under Zhang Taiyan for many years. Zhang Taiyan is lofty and aloof, rarely praising modern literati, but he is amazed at Huang Kan.

1965438+In February 2004, after returning from Japan, Zhang Taiyan was placed under house arrest for opposing Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor. He was first detained in Bensi Hutong in Beijing, and then in Liangqian Hutong in Dongcheng. At this time, Huang Kan is accepting the invitation of Peking University to be a professor in Beijing. He inquired about Zhang's whereabouts and risked his life to visit.

Huang Kan saw that Zhang was lonely, so he asked Zhang to talk about the history of literature and stay with him. Huang Kan and his teacher were in the same boat for several months, and finally they were dismissed by the police.

Chen Duxiu and Huang Kan are knowledgeable, and they are good at classics, history, books and collections, especially in phonology, writing and exegesis. Huang Kan was criticized by people at that time for his great learning and temper.

When Zhou Zuoren talked about this big brother, he was also very picky: "His Chinese studies are among the best, but his temper is eccentric and proportional to his knowledge. There are some things that are really flattering. " 1908 or so, Chen Duxiu visited Zhang's apartment in Tokyo People's Daily, and Qian and Huang Kan avoided each other next door.

When Chen and Zhang chatted, they talked about the development of Sinology in Qing Dynasty. Chen Duxiu listed Dai, Duan and Wang, most of whom were from Jiangsu and Anhui, and he was quite proud. Later, the topic turned to Hubei, saying that there were no scholars in Hubei.

Huang Kan in the next room suddenly jumped out and retorted: "There are no scholars in Hubei, this is just a district; Although there are many scholars in Anhui, this is not necessarily the first step. " Chen Duxiu listened to silence.

Huang Kan is an old school. He has always disliked the practices of a group of new school figures such as Hu Shi, and sneered whenever he had the chance. On one occasion, Huang Kan accused Hu Shi face to face: "You keep saying that you want to promote vernacular Chinese, not necessarily out of sincerity?" Hu Shi did not understand its meaning, so he investigated its reasons.

Huang said: "If you practice, your name should not be Hu Shi, but' Where to Go'." Hu Shi was embarrassed.

Once again, when Huang Kan gave lectures to students, he talked about Hu Shi and the vernacular. He said, "Which is better, the vernacular or the classical Chinese? It doesn't need much pen and ink.

For example, when Hu Shi's wife died, his family sent a telegram to inform Hu himself that if he used classical Chinese, his wife would go home soon after the funeral. If you say' Your wife is dead, please come back soon' 1 1 in vernacular, the telegram fee is twice as expensive as that in classical Chinese. "Full of laughter.

Tan Xinpei, a famous Peking Opera actor, is very popular in Beijing, and there are many good people in universities. One day, when Peking University was on holiday, teachers talked about Tan Xinpei's "Qin Qiong selling horses". Hu Shi interjected: "Peking Opera is too outdated. When you flick the whip, it's a horse. With two flags, you have to use real cars and horses! " Everyone present listened attentively, but no one made a sound.

Huang Kan stood up and said, "Take it, take it. What if I sing Song Wu and kill the tiger?" I was confused at that time. At a banquet, Hu Shi talked about Mohism, and Huang Kan was very dissatisfied. He jumped up and said, "Now Mohism is all fucking bastards!" Hu Shi was embarrassed.

Huang went on to say, "Even the right person is an asshole!" Hu Shi was about to have an attack when Huang smiled and said, "I'm just testing you. Mozi loves you all. He has no father. " How to talk about Mozi with a father? I'm not scolding you, I'm just trying. "

Hu Shi was so angry that he could not speak, so he had to submit to humiliation. The Central University stipulates that teachers and students should wear school badges when entering or leaving the school gate, but Huang Kan does not.

Seeing that the man was not wearing the school badge and wanted to see his business card, the doorman said, "I am a business card myself. Please take me there. " In the dispute, the headmaster came out to mediate and apologize.

Many celebrities work part-time in Central University. Most professors wear suits and ties, and cars come in and out, at least rickshaws. Only Huang Kan came in and out, wearing a long gown or robe that was neither old nor new, and a piece of green cloth wrapped in some books he often read.

One rainy day, other professors wear rubber shoes to school, and Huang Kan wears spikes. "Nailing shoes" is also called "clogs".