City types of creative cities

Hospers (2003) believes that Hall's research shows that creative cities are a phenomenon that belongs to every era, but no city can always display creativity permanently. Based on the historical process of economic and urban development, Hospers summarized four types of creative cities. Florida (2003) believes that the key elements in building a creative city are the "3T" theory: technology, talent and tolerance, that is, in order to attract creative talents, generate creativity and stimulate the economy For development, a creative city must possess all three. Technology is the concentrated expression of innovation and high technology in a region; tolerance can be defined as openness, tolerance and diversity to all ethnic minorities, races and life attitudes; talent refers to those who have obtained a bachelor's degree or above, which is what he calls creative class.

However, Glaeser (2004) believes that Florida's "creative capital" theory is the traditional human capital theory, and denies the "Bohemian effect" proposed by the latter. He insists that the truly effective factors are the 3S - "skills, sun and sprawl" (skills, sun and sprawl). Top1: Soho, a veteran art pilgrimage site in New York, USA

Introduction: As a world-famous art district, Soho was originally the most concentrated factory and industrial warehouse area in New York in the 19th century. , the United States took the lead in entering the post-industrial era. Old factories closed down, business was depressed, and warehouse space was idle and abandoned. In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of emerging artists emerged in the United States. Artists from all over the world settled in the area at low rents. Master figures in the history of modern art in the world; Warhol, Lichtstein, Rauschenberg, Johns, etc. were all the first generation there. resident. In its heyday, this area, with less than 1% of New York's population and area, was home to a group of artists who accounted for more than 30% of all New York artists. Some art dealers also set up galleries there, and some of the more famous galleries now developed from Soho.

Reasons for being shortlisted: SOHO is world-famous as an art district. It has now developed into a complete community integrating residence, commerce and art, and is known as the "artist's paradise". Specialty bars and high-end fashion stores are next to each other, and art galleries and personalized home decoration stores are side by side. It is an important fashion business district and tourist attraction that elegant guests, fashionable young people and tourists are unwilling to miss. The world's most famous brands such as Chanel and Louis Vuitton have already landed in this golden area, but they are all infiltrated by the personality and art here without exception.

The unique thing about SOHO is that it is not an art district, but art is everywhere. It is an area where commerce and art are fully integrated. It is a business district full of personality and profound cultural connotation. It is synonymous with fashion. Here, you rarely see the gaudy ladies of the Five Avenues, but more of the artists who spend a lot of money for individuality and the fashionable young people who pursue individuality. Photographers from all over the world hang out at the cast-iron red room on GREENE Street, the outdoor fire stairs on BELGIANBLOCK Street, and the distinctive graffiti exterior walls. Literary youths walk on the cobblestones and count the glorious footprints of the literary salons of the past.

Creativity Index: ★★★★☆

Art Index: ★★★★★

Comprehensive Index: ★★★★★

< p> Warm reminder: SOHO is located in the west of Lower Manhattan. When traveling to New York, in addition to large museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art, it is recommended to stroll around the streets of Soho. The streets are narrow and suitable for strolling. Top2: London's South Bank Art District Incredible visual challenges

Introduction: The Art District is located on the Thames River. It is a cultural tourism area transformed from abandoned port terminals and ancient warehouses. Its history can be traced back to the 1950s. There are unique cinemas, beautiful restaurants, souvenir shops, cafes, pubs and cruise ships with different styles. Modern bridges fly on both sides of the bank, and high-speed trains pass by. The Tate Gallery, converted from an old power plant, is a thematic art gallery dedicated to displaying 20th century artworks. With its unique architectural style and the perfect combination of modern art collections, it has become the soul of the art district. The art district integrates modern culture, tourism, leisure and commercial functions. Ancient and modern styles are intertwined, and the tourist content is rich and fresh, providing tourists with a natural leisure place.

Reasons for being shortlisted: The Thames South Bank Art District takes modern art as its eye-catching symbol and can be called the most dynamic art gathering area in London today. Along the banks of the Thames, Tate Modern, one of the world's three major modern art exhibition halls, the British Arts Festival Center, Shakespeare's Globe Theater and the two most famous theaters in the UK, the New Vic and the Old Vic, are lined up in sequence, and the world One of the most prestigious theaters in the world, the National Theater of England, is also located here.

After more than half a century of continuous development, the South Bank Art District has become the largest art center in Europe. It attracts three million visitors every year. Street artists of all kinds try their best to show the world their unexpected tricks: there are body sculptures, sand sculptures, personal bands and so on. The graffiti concentrated at the bottom of the bridge is somewhat subtle in its wild rebellion. The creative "singing wall" allows visitors to hear the sounds of dozens of musical instruments as long as they touch the protruding "notes" on the wall; even the nearby parking seats are carefully assembled by designers, allowing visitors to Use the Bluetooth of your mobile phone to exchange songs with these seats equipped with players. Of course, you can also request songs for the guests next to you through Bluetooth to find your soulmate.

Creativity Index: ★★★★☆

Art Index: ★★★★

Comprehensive Index: ★★★★☆

Warm reminder: London's South Bank Art District is located on the Thames River. The river embankment walkway is spacious and comfortable. From Tower Bridge to the upstream direction, you can see many unique performances by street artists along the way. You can also choose to take a cruise in the Thames River to enjoy the scenery along the way. Creative design. Top3: Los Angeles Brewery Art Village The most fashionable design of the largest art village

Introduction: The Brewery Art Village in Los Angeles, USA, is completely initiated by the private sector. The Art Village was formerly a brewery opened in 1888 and consists of 21 groups of buildings of different sizes and structures. In 1980, it was acquired by the well-known local Carlson family. One day, a group of artists came to ask if they could rent it, so the Carlson family made a temporary plan to turn the brewery into an art district. Many of the artists who have settled in this art village, such as Alex in Welderland, Denice Bartels, etc., have become famous in the American art and design circles, and the art village where they originally "made their fortune" has become a place that everyone in the American art world knows.

Reasons for being shortlisted: The Brewery Art Village has developed into the largest art village in the world, with about 500 art workers and creators living in 300 units, including painters, sculptors, and musicians. There are also photographers, dance troupes, and even web designers who create and live here, making the art district full of art. The buildings and street installations in the community are also the creations of artists, and many artists will put their new products in the public spaces. *Regional display serves as a means of communication within the area, so you can often appreciate the latest designs here.

Creativity Index: ★★★★☆

Art Index: ★★★★

Comprehensive Index: ★★★★

Warm reminder: Open days are usually in April and mid-November, and admission is free. Top4: Ubiquitous creative design in Tachikawa Art District, Tokyo

Introduction: As one of the leading cities in design in Asia, Tokyo’s creative industry started early. In addition to creative parks, there are now many creative Workers simply put their creativity into public areas, displaying their latest creativity while decorating the city.

In Tachikawa City, a satellite city of Tokyo, there is such a public creative area, which was transformed from the former military base Tachikawa Base. This creative district has seven blocks. There are office buildings, hotels, large department stores, cinemas, libraries and other facilities in the area. It makes Tachikawa Creative District look like a small city, and many creative design companies have also moved in. this area and display their design works within the neighborhood.

Reasons for being shortlisted: Tachikawa Public Art District is the area with the highest concentration of public art in Japan. Nearly a hundred famous artists participated in the creation of the street art, ranging from the artistic landscaping at the entrance of the hotel to the faucets, fire boxes, public seats, floor paving, and vents. They have all been re-created by artists, giving this small place 109 public works of art.

Walking on the streets of Tachikawa, you will find many interesting sculptures on the roadside, some with animal themes, some with nature as the theme, lifelike, and chairs designed to look like tree trunks and swings. , where passers-by can sit for a while. As you walk, a huge red tea cup will suddenly appear in front of you, blocking your way, making you smile and remember "it's time to have a drink." These interesting street creative designs allow Tokyoites to feel relaxed in the tense city.

Creativity Index: ★★★★☆

Art Index: ★★★☆

Comprehensive Index: ★★★★

Warm reminder: The Public Art District is located in the Mitama District of Tokyo. You can get there by taking the JR Shinkansen and getting off at Nishi-Tachikawa Station. Top5: Weird and absurd fashion creativity in Clerkenwell, London

Introduction: More than one-third of the country’s design institutions are located in London. Among them, the most emerging creative park is Clerken, located in northeast London. Clerkenwell. Many years ago, Clerkenwell was originally a barren area of ??abandoned industrial warehouses in London. However, with the arrival of a group of young digital creative workers and entrepreneurs, the streets and alleys of Clerkenwell are undergoing major changes.

Clerkenwell is now a famous art district in the UK, attracting hundreds of design companies. Sadlers Wells and the Barbican Art Center here often hold some avant-garde exhibitions, weird performance art exhibitions and alternative installation exhibitions can be displayed here.

Reason for being shortlisted: Among the many creative parks in London, Clerkenwell, located in northeast London, England, is considered the most representative one. If you ask London artists where the best creative hub is, they will definitely recommend Clerkenwell. As a famous art venue in the UK, it has first-class music, theatres, exhibition halls, movies and museums, as well as various bars.

Visitors, as long as they walk on the streets of Clerkenwell, will often be attracted by the novel designs on the road and stop in their tracks. For example, on the wall outside the Cambridge Theater hangs a painting of George Stubb's "1762" A copy of Whistlejacket, which is only in the collection of the London Art Gallery. In addition to these works of art, there are also some funny works on Clerkenwell Street, such as alien toilets, which have very funny shapes. If you get tired of walking, remember to sit in various bars and restaurants. These bars and restaurants are also hidden places and contain many works of art.

Creativity Index: ★★★★

Art Index: ★★★☆

Comprehensive Index: ★★★★

Warmth Tip: Clerkenwell is located in the northeast of London, England. There are many theaters, exhibition halls, and museums here, many of which are free. The London Architecture Biennale in Clerkenwell is also held here every year, attracting many Art lovers come to visit. Top6: The gorgeous transformation of the old factory in Beijing’s 798 Art District

Introduction: Mottled red brick walls, well-organized industrial plants, criss-crossing pipelines, and slogans from various eras still remain on the walls. Uniformed workers on the road contrast with fashionable and avant-garde visitors. History and reality, industry and art perfectly fit together here. This is Beijing's 798 Art District.

This place brings together many cultural and artistic elements such as galleries, design studios, art exhibition spaces, artist studios, fashion shops, restaurants and bars. There are more than 400 cultural institutions of various types, from France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Japan, Australia, South Korea, mainland China, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, China and other countries and regions.

Reason for shortlisting: Today, 798 has become a popular art district in the world, and has been included in the first batch of outstanding modern architectural protection lists; it has become an exhibition and display center for Chinese culture and art; it has become a nationally and internationally renowned An influential cultural and creative industry cluster. Art and culture from all over the world are presented here. Countless art feasts have kicked off here.

In 2003, the 798 Art District was named one of the 22 most culturally iconic urban art centers in the world by Time Magazine.

In 2004, the American Fortune magazine listed Beijing as one of the twelve most developing cities in the world. One of the reasons is the existence of 798.

Creativity index: ★★★★

Art index: ★★★

Comprehensive index: ★★★★

Warm reminder : Beijing 798 Art Zone is located in the Dashanzi area of ??Jiuxianqiao, Chaoyang District, Beijing. On average, multiple art exhibitions are held in the art zone every day. The "798 Art Festival" is held every August or September. Top7: The popular design base of the American Torpedo Factory Art Center

Introduction: The predecessor of the Torpedo Factory Art Center in Alexandria is closely related to war. It was a base for manufacturing torpedoes during World War I. During World War II, it was used as a warehouse for storing weapons and ammunition until it was abandoned in the 1960s. Later, in 1974, a group of local artists rented the abandoned factory at a low cost and slowly built it into an art studio. In recent years, it has rapidly developed into a famous creative tourist attraction in Virginia and a hot design base in the United States.

Reason for being shortlisted: Torpedo Factory Art Center, a world-famous art center not far from Washington, D.C., is home to many local artists. There are at least 80 studios here and more than 165 visual artists. Engage in artistic creation here, including sculpture, painting, jewelry, photography, etc. Here, visitors can visit the studios of various artists in the factory like a drop-in, watching the potters who are making bowls and the artists who are painting stained glass windows working. If tourists like a piece of art, they can buy it on the spot.

In recent years, the Torpedo Factory Art Center has also opened a number of art courses, and occasionally launches art classes with different themes, which are explained by artists in the art district, and are very popular among Americans.

Creativity index: ★★★

Art index: ★★★★

Comprehensive index: ★★★

Warm reminder: The art area is free and open to the public. Opening hours: 10 am to 6 pm, extended to 9 pm on Thursdays. Studio and gallery hours will vary. Top8: The warm side of Heyri art in Seoul, South Korea

Introduction: I really don’t know if I don’t tell you. Seoul’s current “ambition” is to become the world’s design capital, and its creative industry has also been developing rapidly in recent years. , some design and creative districts have appeared near Seoul.

Heyri Art Valley is one of the very special creative parks. This Art Valley is a cultural village where Korean writers, film industry figures, architects, musicians and other artists from various fields live together, covering an area of ??approximately 495,000 square meters. In Heyri Art Valley, in addition to general residences, there are also artists' studios and art galleries. Many buildings of different types and functions form a composite space integrating creation, exhibition and home furnishing.

Reasons for being shortlisted: When you walk into the Art Valley, you will find that the buildings here are very stylish, such as small square buildings surrounded by barbed wire, houses with bridge structures, art galleries, museums and cafes of different styles. , restaurants and bookstores give people a strong visual impact. There are also various installation art sculptures made by many artists in the park area. Blooming red flowers, red chimney sculptures, and even cute cartoon characters are vividly embellished, giving this art valley a little more warmth.

There is also "The Dalki's Theme Park" (The Dalki's Theme Park) that children love in Art Valley, which provides a variety of amusement facilities for children to play. Every weekend, there are many Seoul Parents simply bring their children here to enjoy the artistic atmosphere while playing.

Creativity index: ★★★

Art index: ★★★★

Comprehensive index: ★★☆

Warm reminder: Since Heyri Art Valley is not a tourist attraction, there is no tourist information desk or other facilities to facilitate tourists. The facility guides in the park are all in Korean, which is not very convenient for tourists. Take Subway Line 3 from Myeongdong, Seoul, to Daehwa Terminal. From Exit 5, transfer to Bus No. 200, which runs every 20-30 minutes. The journey takes about 1 hour and 45 minutes. Museums, art galleries, cafes, restaurants and other facilities in the Art Valley are open from 10 am to 7 pm.

Top9: Shanghai m50 cool fashion hidden in the warehouse

Introduction: There are always many surprising places in Shanghai, like No. 50 Moganshan Road, which was originally the location of a textile factory, but now it has transformed. The M50 signboard calls on art workers from all over the world to gather here, including the Swiss ShanghART Gallery, the French East Gallery Art, the Artist Studio of the Cultural and Art Section of the British Consulate, and the Canadian Art Scene Gallery, etc. This group of creators full of artistic talents allows endless inspiration to take root in the old factory.

M50 gathers galleries and studios with different styles, including companies engaged in architecture, decoration, and furniture design. Even some fashionable brand clothing stores, art bookstores, and music stores also occupy some small spaces. storehouse. The old-fashioned iron fence glass windows were transformed into unique logos; the disrepaired passages were integrated into part of the sculpture by performance artists, and paired with exquisite street lamps on the roadside, many fashionable elements embellished the M50 with vitality.

Reasons for being shortlisted: M50 Creative Park is one of the earliest creative industry clusters in Shanghai and one of the largest and most influential creative industry parks in Shanghai. It was also labeled "Shanghai Fashion Landmark" by the American "Times" magazine and listed as a "recommended place to visit". A series of fashion activities such as the 2005 Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival, 2005 Fashion Night, French Chamber of Commerce and Industry, BMW Auto Show, Nokia and Siemens product promotions were successfully held here, making it a unique cultural landscape by the Suzhou River and a new fashion culture in Shanghai. landmark.

Creativity index: ★★★

Art index: ★★★

Comprehensive index: ★★☆

Warm reminder: Shanghai No. 50, Moganshan Road, Putuo District, take bus 76, 105, 13, 63, 941, 166, 922; you can get there by Metro Line 1. Top10: Tortona, Italy, creating an extraordinary creative myth

Introduction: Milan’s Tortona area (Zona Tortona) was similar to the predecessor of 798 ten years ago. It was also an old factory beside the Milan canal. Since 2001, Zona Tortona, a creative park, has caught up with the "Olympic" event of the global furniture industry - the International Furniture Fair in Milan, lining up the most outrageous art, fashion styles or avant-garde designs of the year for people to exchange. In just a few years, Zona Tortona has transformed into a home base for artists and personal studios. Small art galleries, photography studios, restaurants, and creative spaces are scattered among them. You can wander through the winding alleys and low old buildings at every turn. There are new surprises.

Reason for being shortlisted: Although the famous Tortona Creative District is located outside the exhibition hall of Milan Exhibition, it can create extraordinary myths at every Milan Exhibition and has become the most popular place in Milan Design Week. One of the iconic exhibition areas. Here, you can see creative projects from outstanding companies in different countries around the world. At the same time, it is also a place where many designers pursue their dreams.

Creativity Index: ★★☆

Art Index: ★★★

Comprehensive Index: ★★☆

Warm Tips: Tour The best time to visit the Tortona area is April every year, because this is when the Milan Furniture Fair is held, and you can see more cutting-edge designs.