The first paragraph of the explanatory text talks about a piece of history. Does it count as a quotation?

Winter is really extraordinary, I praise winter. As the saying goes: Spring brings beauty and autumn brings fruitfulness. It means that everything begins in spring and ends in autumn. Although spring is the season when all things revive, the cradle of spring is winter. When it comes to winter, people will naturally think of the desolate scenery of howling north wind and flying white snow, saying that it ruthlessly wipes out the life of all things. But who can deny that under the thick ice, there is not a full of vitality flowing. The warm current of life! However, in an instant, if you suddenly look up and see drops of water turning into ice, winter will turn into a swirling snow, leaving the surrounding area covered with white, like a white cloth, floating gently on it, allowing you to see it at a glance Not to the edge. More importantly, it gently hugs the crops, allowing them to enjoy the caress and warmth in the middle of winter. It mercilessly freezes to death the pests that harm crops, allowing crops to safely accumulate strength in its arms. There is a poem that goes like this: "Good things have always been delayed. Since ancient times, melons have been bitter but sweet later. When faced with adversity, you work hard, and the wind and snow give birth to a sunny day." What a "wind and snow gives birth to a sunny day!" It turns out that winter brings the wind and snow. When you come to the human world, you are not trying to show off your strength, but you are going to give all living things severe tests and screenings in order to cultivate a group of nature's outstanding figures who can withstand wind and snow and have strong adaptability. "Heavy snow weighs down the green pine, and the green pine stands tall and straight." Doesn't it reflect the noble quality of the green pine standing proudly and defying the severe cold under the heavy pressure of heavy snow? This is winter, a very common season among the four seasons, but it is by no means an ordinary one. season. Winter also creates humans in this way. It sharpens people's will and tempers their courage. It is the high mountains and rapids. As Professor Hua Luogeng said: "Only those who are not afraid of climbing, and only those who are not afraid of huge waves can climb to the top of the mountain to collect fairy grass, and go deep into the water to find Li beads." Some people are afraid of winter and shut it out. Outside, hiding in the greenhouse to grow and live. But once the greenhouse collapses one day, he will be weak and eliminated by the times. Only those who dare to fight against the wind and snow can become the strong men of the times. Whenever it snows, I see pedestrians trudging through the snow with one foot deep and one foot shallow. I don’t feel sorry for them, because this is what everyone is doing. The road that the strong must walk, every step they take is one step closer to success. Having withstood the temper of winter and rising in the face of adversity is like cutting off the thorns on the road and kicking away the stumbling blocks on the road; having withstood the temper of winter, the will will be firmer and the confidence will be more abundant. By then, the road to spring, to success, and even to a country's prosperity will be smooth and smooth. It can be seen that winter is the best friend of the strong. Winter is very common among the four seasons and is not taken seriously, just like those who are successful. I praise winter because it not only symbolizes those who are successful, but also symbolizes the noble quality of standing proudly and defying the cold, which is indispensable for a country to prosper. The British poet Shelley said: "Winter has arrived, can spring be far behind?" So, please don't be afraid of winter, reject winter, show your arms, meet its challenges, and embrace our friend - winter! 1. What are the characteristics of winter described by the author of this article? 2. "But the birth of spring 1 is extraordinary: it makes all things in the world dare to fight the wind and snow, and makes them strong. 2 Metaphor; tests the ability of plants to withstand cold; sharpens people's will and tempers their courage; after experiencing hardships, the country Leading to prosperity. "Helium-3 New Energy for Humanity's Future" ① Helium-3 is a clean, safe and efficient nuclear fusion power generation fuel. The development and utilization of helium-3 in the lunar soil will be the solution for human energy. One of the most promising ways to solve the crisis. ② Helium-3 is an isotope of helium, which contains two protons and one neutron. According to the dilution refrigeration theory, when helium-3 and helium-4 are in a certain amount. After mixing in a certain proportion, the temperature can be reduced to infinitely close to absolute zero. When the temperature reaches below 2.18k, liquid helium---3 will also appear "superfluid", that is, it has no viscosity, and it can even "Climb" out of the cup. However, the most valued property of helium-3 is its potential as an energy source.

Helium-3 can undergo nuclear fusion reactions with hydrogen isotopes, but unlike ordinary nuclear fusion reactions, helium-3 does not produce neutrons during the fusion process, so it has low radioactivity, and the reaction process is easy to control, which is environmentally friendly and safe, but The total reserves of helium-3 on the earth do not exceed a few hundred kilograms, which is difficult to meet human needs. Scientists have discovered that although the reserves of helium-3 on the earth are very small, its reserves on the moon are very considerable. ③ Helium is mostly concentrated in the ilmenite-rich lunar soil with particles smaller than 50 microns. It is estimated that the entire moon can provide 715,000 tons of helium-3. The electrical energy that these helium-3 can generate is equivalent to 40,000 times the power generation of the United States in 1985. Taking into account the costs of mining, exhausting, isotope separation and transporting back to the earth, the energy repayment ratio of helium-3 is estimated to be Up to 250. This repayment ratio is quite favorable compared with the production of nuclear fuel from uranium 235 (repayment ratio is about 20) and coal mining on earth (repayment ratio is about 16). In addition, extracting 1 ton of helium-3 from the lunar soil can also obtain approximately 6,300 tons of hydrogen, 70 tons of nitrogen, and 1,600 tons of carbon. These by-products are also necessary to maintain a permanent base on the moon. Russian scientist Galimov believes that humans only need to launch 2 to 3 spaceships with a load of 100 tons every year. The helium-3 transported back from the moon can be used by all mankind as an alternative energy source for one year, and its transportation costs It is only equivalent to a few tenths of the current nuclear power generation. According to Galimov, if humans start to implement the plan to mine helium-3 from the moon now, in about 30 to 40 years, humans will realize the on-site mining of helium-3 on the moon and transport it back to the ground. This plan The total cost will be between $250 billion and $300 billion. ④Since the 1990s, mankind, including China, Israel, Japan, India and other countries, has set off a new round of lunar exploration climax. In this lunar exploration climax, helium-3 has become the target of the world's attention. China began preliminary development of the lunar exploration instrument carried on the "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite in April 2004. Detecting the thickness and element content of the lunar soil is an important part of the lunar exploration instrument's work. As the most promising new energy source, helium-3 has become an important topic in energy research in various countries around the world. (Selected from "Xinhua Digest" in September 2005, with changes) 15. Why is it said that "the development and utilization of helium-3 in the lunar soil will be one of the most potential ways to solve the human energy crisis"? (2 points) Answer: 16. The author of this article once said in the article "The Magical Helium-3": "Scientists estimate by analyzing the lunar soil samples brought back from the moon that for hundreds of millions of years, the solar wind has provided the lunar belt with About 500 million tons of helium-3." Does this contradict the content introduced in the underlined sentence at the beginning of paragraph ③ of this article? Why? (3 points) Answer: 17. The text uses the numerical explanation method extensively. Give an example and explain its function. (3 points) Answer: 18. One of the following statements is consistent with the meaning of the original text: (3 points) A. Helium-3 is an isotope (element) of helium containing two protons and one neutron. It is also a clean, Safe and efficient fuel (substance) for nuclear fusion power generation. B. As a future new energy source, helium-3 is not easy to produce neutrons during its fusion process and has low radioactivity, so it will be an environmentally friendly new energy source. C. The by-product obtained by extracting helium-3 from the lunar soil can meet the production and living needs of the permanent base on the moon. D. The lunar exploration instrument launched by my country's "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite has now entered the preliminary detection stage of the lunar soil thickness and element content. 19. If a spacecraft launched by our country in a certain year successfully transports helium-3 back to the ground, please use the words "moon", "helium-3" and "scientist" according to the introduction of this article (the order is not necessary) Write a paragraph to express congratulations or gratitude on behalf of the students to the scientists who are engaged in the development and utilization of helium-3 energy. (3 points) Answer: (Linyi City, 2005) Answer 15. Key points: ① considerable reserves (or relatively large reserves) ② environmental protection and safety ③ high energy repayment ratio ④ by-products can be used by the permanent base on the moon (2 points).

2 points will be awarded for answering three of the key points, and 1 point will be deducted for each missing key point) 16. There is no contradiction; the former explains the total amount of helium-3 brought to the moon by the solar wind in the past year, while The underlined sentence in this article illustrates the total amount of helium-3 in the lunar soil that can be developed and utilized. The specific content of the two explanations is not contradictory (3 points. The first question is 1 point, the second question is 2 points) 17. Example: ① The electric energy that helium-3 can generate... is quite beneficial. "In a few sentences, use The three numbers "250", "20" and "16" for comparison concretely, clearly and intuitively illustrate that helium-3 has a high energy repayment ratio and great development and utilization benefits. ② In the sentence "In addition... it is also necessary". The four figures listed concretely illustrate the large amount of by-products obtained from the mining of helium-3 and their considerable utilization value. ③ In the sentence "Galimov believes... between 300 billion US dollars", the six figures are clearly stated. It shows that the cost of mining and transporting helium-3 is relatively low, and the feasible mining habits are large (3 points. 1 point for example, 2 points for analysis) 18. A (3 points) 19. Tips: The open answer can be comprehensively utilized. Relevant information, reasonable concatenation of given words, meeting content requirements and smooth language (3 points) "Beware, Silent Soil Killer" Soil, water, sunlight and air are the four major elements for the survival of living things on earth. General pollution attracts public attention immediately, but soil pollution is invisible, and its adverse consequences will not become apparent until months, years, decades, or even centuries later. Unlike air or water pollution, soil pollution is invisible. Pollutants in the soil can directly enter the human body and endanger human health, but indirectly affect human health because pollutants in the soil enter the human body through the food chain, mainly through grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat, etc., so there are Local governments often do not pay attention to the remediation of soil pollution. However, soil pollution is harmful for a longer period of time than other pollutions. Pollutants are not as easy to diffuse and dilute in the atmosphere and water bodies. After long-term accumulation, their effects are often serious. Regional, and heavy metal pollution is basically an irreversible process, and it may take a long time for the soil contaminated by it to return to normal. In recent years, due to the rapid growth of population and rapid industrial development, solid waste has been continuously piled onto the soil surface. Dumping, harmful wastewater continues to seep into the soil, and harmful gases and floating dust in the atmosphere continue to fall into the soil with rain, leading to soil pollution. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and substandard livestock and poultry manure fertilizers used in agricultural production also cause soil pollution. An important source of soil pollution. In addition, chemical residues such as explosives and heavy metals after the war have also caused serious damage to the soil in war zones. Researcher Chen Tongbin pointed out that 90% of the world’s pollutants are estimated to remain in the soil. More than 10 million hectares of cultivated land are polluted, accounting for one-fifth of all available cultivated land. Among them, 2 million hectares of land are polluted by mining areas, about 5 million hectares of land are polluted by oil, and about 50,000 hectares of land are polluted by solid waste accumulation every year. More than 10 million tons of grain production have been reduced due to soil pollution, and the total agricultural economic losses caused by soil pollution have posed a threat to human health. Researcher Chen Tongbin has spent three years inspecting the soil in Beijing. We conducted large-scale sampling and analysis studies on vegetables and found that the soil pollution problem has become serious and has affected the quality of vegetables and other agricultural products. Soil pollution will cause pollutants to accumulate in plants and be enriched into human and animal bodies through the food chain, endangering human and animal health and causing various diseases. Soil contamination can also lead to other environmental problems. (Selected from "Nature and Man", with changes) 13. What are the different characteristics of soil pollution compared with other pollutants? (3 points) 14. There are many types of soil pollutants. Two are listed below. Please find other types from the article and describe them according to the examples. (3 points) Examples: (1) Fertilizers, pesticides and substandard manure spread on crops. (2) Explosives, heavy metals and other chemicals remaining in the soil. 15． There are many references to data in paragraph 3. What do you think is the purpose? Please give a brief description with specific content.

(3 points) 16． After reading this short article, you must have a new understanding of the problem of soil pollution. Please make a suggestion to prevent soil pollution or draft a warning slogan based on your usual observations and thinking. (3 points) (Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, 2005) Answer 13. ⑴ Soil pollution is invisible ⑵ Indirectly affects human health ⑶ The harm of pollution lasts longer. 14. ⑴ Solid waste piled and dumped on the soil surface ⑵ Hazardous wastewater seeping into the soil ⑶ Harmful gases and floating dust falling into the soil (with rainwater). 15. It specifically and accurately explains the current seriousness of soil pollution in our country and the huge losses it has caused. 16． (The answer to this question is open, as long as it can focus on preventing soil pollution and warning people to protect the soil.) "Scientific Understanding of Tsunamis" Any disaster may be the best teacher for mankind. After a great disaster there must be great knowledge. A A scientific understanding of tsunamis from tsunami disasters is very beneficial to improving tsunami prevention. Tsunamis have existed since ancient times. B China's literature records of tsunami disasters began around BC, when they were called sea overflow and sea rise, vividly describing the scene when the tsunami disaster struck, the sea overflowed and the waves stood up to form a sea wall. Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in "Ode to the Taiqing Palace" that "the clouds in the sky are drooping, and the water in the four seas is standing". He describes the sky is covered with dark clouds and the sea water is about to rise and rush over. It shows that the Chinese people have been prepared for tsunamis. There is knowledge. … A tsunami is an extremely destructive natural disaster, which is a huge rise and fall in sea levels caused by earthquakes, undersea volcanic eruptions or storms. The word "tsunami" was first used by the Japanese who were often affected by tsunamis. The English word "Tsunami" was transliterated from the Japanese. There are three types of causes of tsunamis: one is caused by meteorological changes, such as the abnormal rise in sea level caused by the passage of strong low pressure, which is called "storm surge"; the second is caused by geological changes, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, submarine faults, and landslides They can all cause earthquakes and tsunamis, just like the tsunami that occurred in the Indian Ocean; the third is caused by nuclear explosions, artificial earthquakes, etc. After the Second World War, the United States conducted nuclear explosion tests on Bikini Island in the North Pacific for many years, which once caused widespread controversy. However, not any sudden change in marine geology will cause a tsunami. According to statistics, out of every 15,000 submarine tectonic earthquakes, only 100 will cause tsunamis. Generally, the generation of tsunamis is controlled by earthquake source conditions, source water depth, source depth and magnitude. An earthquake with a magnitude greater than 6.5 on the Richter scale and a focal depth within 25 kilometers will produce a tsunami. An earthquake with a magnitude greater than 7 or 5 on the Richter scale and a focal depth within 40 kilometers will form a catastrophic tsunami, such as what happened in the Indian Ocean this time. Earthquakes and tsunamis. 14. Which of the following statements is correct (2 points) (C) A. China is the first country in the world to understand tsunamis. B. The cause of tsunami is various sudden changes in marine geology. C. The generation of tsunamis is often restricted by various factors such as earthquake source conditions, water depth, depth and magnitude. D. Since the main cause of tsunami is on the seabed, the harm caused by it is very small. 15. Both the underlined sentences A and B in the article have grammatical errors. Please correct them. (2 points) 16. Analyze the role of the sentence "The clouds of the nine heavens droop, and the waters of the four seas stand" in the text. (3 points) 17. What should we do in the face of various natural disaster threats to mankind? Talk about your understanding. (3 points) (Qujing City, Yunnan Province, 2005) Answer 14. C15. A. A scientific understanding of tsunamis from tsunami disasters is very beneficial to improving the ability to prevent tsunamis. B. China’s documented records of tsunami disasters began in BC. 16． The use of quotations not only shows that China understood the tsunami earlier than the school, but also vividly describes the situation when the tsunami occurred. (1.5 points for each correct answer) 17. First of all, we must strengthen environmental awareness, strengthen environmental protection, and live in harmony with nature. Secondly, we should increase the publicity of natural disaster knowledge and scientifically understand various natural disasters. Third, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for natural disasters to facilitate scientific and effective disaster reduction and relief. (1.5 points will be awarded for one correct answer, full points will be given for two or more correct answers, and points will be awarded as appropriate if the meaning is similar.

) "New Technology on Pavement" For a long time, urban pavements in my country have been either "black" or "white" (black asphalt and white cement). However, in Europe, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and other countries, colored pavements have become more common. universal. Through different road colors, such as red, green, blue, yellow, etc., drivers of different vehicles are reminded to drive on the prescribed roads, thus avoiding the mixing of vehicles and greatly enhancing safety. Now, some domestic cities have also begun to adopt colored pavements. Taking Beijing as an example, when a car drives to the corner from Yonghegong to Dongzhimen on the Second Ring Road, it will be found that the road surface here is different from other places. First, it is dark red. It turns out that this place is an accident-prone place. The color of the road surface is changed to attract the driver's attention; Second, the road surface is paved with a layer of granular anti-skid material. In some areas of Shanghai, green and orange roads also appeared, and various vehicles "went their own way." This kind of colored pavement not only beautifies the city appearance, but also plays a role in preventing slipping, prompting drivers to slow down to reduce traffic accidents, and facilitating traffic management. At the same time, a novel porous asphalt permeable pavement also emerged. The adoption of this kind of pavement technology that can absorb and recycle rainwater is undoubtedly a boon for cities that are short of water. This technology makes the asphalt pavement into "three layers": the uppermost layer is equipped with permeable materials, the middle layer is installed with rainwater diversion facilities to divert rainwater from the uppermost layer to the drainage pipe for recycling, and the lowest layer is a sealing layer to prevent rainwater seep into the ground. The permeable pavement uses a mixture of reinforced fibers added to ordinary asphalt, which increases the porosity of the road from about 4% of ordinary asphalt pavement to 15% - 25%, and some even as high as 30%, which greatly improves the absorption of the pavement. Rainwater capabilities. The characteristics of this material also determine that its service life is longer than that of traditional pavement, because it can avoid damage to the pavement material structure caused by road freezing in winter. In addition, when it rains, this kind of road surface does not accumulate water or splash water, making it difficult for cars to slip when driving, which is beneficial to traffic safety. Currently in Europe, the penetration rate of permeable pavement has reached 15% to 18%. Germany plans to transform 90% of the country's urban pavements into permeable pavements by 2010. This technology should also be vigorously promoted in cities with widespread water shortages in our country. (Selected from "Encyclopedia Knowledge" Issue 3, 2005, with some deletions) 14. In the second paragraph, "the road surface here is different from elsewhere", which two aspects does the "different" refer to? "Everyone goes his own way" corresponds to which sentence in the first paragraph? (4 points) 15. Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and answer any of the questions. (3 points) (1) What are the three functions of the colored pavement in paragraph 2? Please summarize briefly. (No more than 20 words) (2) The permeable pavement mentioned in paragraph 3 is divided into three layers. What is the function of each layer? Please use two words to summarize each. 16. What do the last two paragraphs mainly describe? Please summarize briefly. (2 points)17． According to the information provided in the article, which of the following statements is correct (3 points) () A. At present, in our country, some large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have basically laid colored pavements. B． The porosity of ordinary asphalt pavement is less than 4%, while the porosity of permeable pavement is mostly 15% to 30%. C. The use of colored pavement and permeable pavement have one thing in common, which is to improve traffic safety. D. Due to the many advantages of permeable pavement, Germany has transformed 90% of the country's pavements into permeable pavements. (Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 2005) Answer 14. Color (or "dark red"), material (or "the road is paved with a layer of granular anti-skid material") (2 points) reminds drivers of different vehicles to drive on the prescribed road (2 points) 15. (1) ① Beautify the city appearance (1 point) ② Reduce traffic accidents (or "anti-skid and remind drivers to slow down") (1 point) ③ Facilitate traffic management (1 point) (1 point deducted for every more than 3 points) (2) ① Water permeability (1 point) ② Diversion (or "recycling") (1 point) ③ Sealing (or "anti-seepage") (1 point) (If you answer both questions, the point will be awarded to the question with the better answer) ( 3 points)16． Explain the characteristics and development trends of permeable pavement (1 point for answering one aspect) (2 points for correct meaning) 17. C (3 points) "Bees and Mine Clearance" Some animals have endowed physiological mechanisms and special abilities that can be used to benefit mankind. Scientists have discovered that specially trained bees could be useful in pollution control and environmental monitoring.

Researchers at the University of Montana also discovered that bees also have extraordinary abilities in finding landmines and other explosives. Compared with police dogs, bees are not only easier to train and more hard-working, but also more accurate in finding "prey" (all types of explosives). There are currently about 110 million landmines around the world waiting to be cleared, and about 26,000 people die or become disabled every year as a result of striking mines. Little bees can open up new paths and contribute to the search for these major hidden dangers. Why do bees have this ability? Because the sense of smell developed by bees in the long-term competition for survival is very sharp, they can identify many kinds of subtle gases that dogs cannot distinguish. In addition, these insects often travel in groups, so their work is far more effective than dogs when searching the same area. Scientific research shows that these "mine-detecting bees" only need a few days of training to adapt to the requirements of searching for landmines. 12. Paragraph 2 of this article tells us that bees are “better” in detecting mines than police dogs in three aspects: ___, __, and __. (3 points) 13. Being good at capturing key words helps to grasp the main information and quickly understand the semantic meaning. The key words in the underlined sentence above that can summarize the main content are 口口 and 口口. (4 points) 14. Please give another example of using animal instincts or using bionics to benefit mankind. (3 points) (2005 Fuzhou Curriculum Reform Experimental Zone) Answer 12. Easy to train (training) Hard-working (work) High accuracy (accuracy) (3 points) 13. Sharp sense of smell (4 points) 14. Example ① Example of using pigs' sensitive sense of smell to detect drugs ② Use the principle of bat ultrasonic positioning to develop radar, which is used in military, meteorological and other fields. (3 points) Prose - "Wandering and Return" (slightly modified) What Mr. Gao Bing and Qian Zhongshu's novel "Fortress Besieged" wants to tell people is that in the "castle" of love, what is outside Those who want to get in want to get out. This is a very meaningful "fable". In fact, by extension, our attitudes towards many things are generally the same. There is a song that goes: "The outside world is wonderful." For people who are trapped in a corner, the charm of this lyrics is too great. (①) People often don’t know the true feelings of the outside world. They draw many wonderful color blocks based on their imagination. They often envy the lives of wanderers and always have the idea of ??“going out” in their hearts. (②) Faced with everything that is already familiar and loses its original novelty, it is natural to feel bored. They said to themselves in their hearts: Since the outside world is very exciting, why not go out and see it, and it will not be a waste of time. As a result, some people walked out of the castle of marriage, some walked out of familiar hometowns, some walked out of boring jobs, and some even walked from life to death... People had a firm attitude and never looked back. He has the heroic spirit of "a strong man will never return once he is gone". I think this is a great tragedy for mankind, the inevitable result of a deep boredom that cannot be relieved - the great migration and wandering of mankind. When a person is deeply tired of everything around him, his life will lose its luster, and its meaning and value will disappear. The only way to change the difficult situation in life is to "take risks". And "wandering" is the specific action of "adventure". Many of the great adventurers we know were often wanderers. By analyzing their behavior, we can certainly find out many factors that are meaningful to society, but the fundamental point is to get rid of the boredom of life. (③) We saw many wanderers in a hurry, and we also saw many spiritual wanderers with haggard faces. So, what about the homeless? Another song goes: "I want to have a family." This "home" is not an everyday concept of home. It covers a large area. It is an excuse for all wanderers to come back, a heavy nostalgic "return" emotion. (④) However, after experiencing a lot of strangeness and novelty, the excitement disappeared. I felt that my legs and feet were tired from running, my frame was slack, my mind was tired, and boredom suddenly emerged again. Then, an unforgettable word that has always been in my heart and never dared to look at appeared - "home". I was shocked.

——That intoxicating green; if I could cut it into a belt for you, I would give it to the lithe dancing girl; she would be able to float in the wind. If I could use you as an eye, I would give it to the blind girl who is good at singing; she will have bright eyes and good vision. I can't let you go; how can I let you go? I patted you and caressed you with my hands, like a little girl of twelve or thirteen years old. I touched your entrance again and kissed her. I'll give you a name. I'll call you "Daughter Green" from now on, okay?