Wan Yi's revolutionary career

Wan Yi is a party member who grew up in the old army. He was born in the late Qing Dynasty 1907, and his hometown Jinxian County, Liaoning Province had become a Japanese colony at that time. I only attended primary school for two years and worked as an apprentice for several years. With patriotic anti-Japanese enthusiasm, I joined the army in Zhang. When he was a private, he joined the teaching team, studied hard and worked hard, and he gradually grew up.

Northeast Army Jiangwutang graduation exam, more than 2000 graduates ranked first. Zhang Xueliang awarded him a pocket watch and a command knife. Later, during the military reform of the Northeast Army, the military publication offered a reward for the "standard company commander" scheme, and his application article won the first place. Zhang Xueliang gave him a new Parker pen. Thanks to such efforts, he was promoted from a soldier to a company commander and battalion commander. By 1936, when Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a protest against Chiang Kai-shek, he was already the head of the team.

Zhang Xueliang personally said to him: "You are the youngest head of the Northeast Army, so jump among them in the future!" During this period, he met Liu, an underground party member who served as the commander's secretary in the Northeast Army, and had many heart-to-heart talks, which made him have a deeper understanding of the situation at that time and the * * * production party bent on destroying Chiang Kai-shek, especially the non-anti-Japanese policy of transferring the Northeast Army to the northwest to fight the Red Army. Anti-Japanese patriotic enthusiasm further promoted his hatred of Chiang Kai-shek's corrupt policy of excluding dissidents.

1In September, 936, he was then the head of the 267th Regiment of the Northeast Army. To commemorate the "September 18th" national humiliation day, he mobilized troops to fight against Japanese aggression, led an armed procession, and sang songs to save the country, refuting the fallacy of "Maknae is safe outside". These acts are hated by Kuomintang die-hards and secret agents. In order to undermine the anti-Japanese propaganda, a major political trainer of the Kuomintang in the League tore down the anti-Japanese propaganda wall newspaper published by the League Singing Team in an attempt to bring it to his boss, which was discovered by Wan Yi on the spot. Wan Yi was furious and stretched out his hand and slapped him. This is a great event. Wan Yi's angry beating of his political advisor was quickly reported to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek said to Zhang Xueliang, "You have a reactionary head and you are a political trainer!" At that time, Zhang Xueliang replied: "Chairman, leave it to me!" He was protected from treatment. However, Chiang Kai-shek quietly wrote down the account of Wan Yi, even though he was only the head of a delegation far away from senior officials and positions. 1938 65438+ 10, Wan Yi was the head of the 667th regiment (formerly the 627th regiment), and was ordered to be stationed in Lianyungang in March, and the regiment was stationed in Xinpu. At this time, the Central Yangtze River Branch dispatched more than 80 anti-Japanese guerrillas evacuated from Gaomi to the regiment and established the 1 12 Division Party Working Committee. On March 1938, 1 1, Zhang Wenhai and Gu Mu, as introducers, held a party joining ceremony in Longhai Apartment, Xinpu, and formally adopted Wanyi as a special party member in China. They did not participate in the organization life, but kept in touch with the secretary of the working committee.

Subsequently, Wan Yi cooperated with the Working Committee to actively carry out ideological transformation of the troops. The regimental headquarters established a tabloid under fire, set up a propaganda team to carry out anti-Japanese education, and renamed the original group song of Song as the head of the 627 th regiment "Song of the 667 th Regiment", which was impassioned and greatly inspired the troops. These works have played a great role in the transformation of the army from political quality to revolutionary army. At the same time, I got in touch with Lu Zhixian, who has been working in the 667 regiment, and worked together. After that, each battalion of the 667 regiment set up a party branch. With the efforts of the Division Working Committee and Wan Yi, many junior officers of the 1 12 Division, especially the 667th Regiment, joined the China * * * Production Party one after another, and the officers and men of the Regiment were very enthusiastic about resisting Japan.

1April, 938, the Japanese puppet troops began to land from Haikou, Wang Zhe, Ganyu County, and then detoured to the stele and Jufeng area in Rizhao, posing a threat to Lianyungang. On May 2nd, Wan Yi was ordered to lead the 667th regiment to attack Liu Guitang (Liu Heiqi), the puppet army occupying Beikuo Town. There is a 3-foot-high wall where Liu Guitang is. Colonel Wan Yi ordered the mountain artillery to bombard the fence. After the cannon fired, the wall collapsed. Before the gunfire died down, Colonel Wan Yi led the infantry to charge. The puppet troops were exhausted, and the bandit leader Liu Guitang escaped with several people.

Colonel Wan Yi led his troops in the pursuit of victory. In Taoluo Town, there was another fierce battle with the Zhang Zongyuan Department of the Puppet Army. Colonel Wan Yi did the same thing. First, he fired dozens of guns, then the infantry attacked, and the cavalry copied the encirclement and suppression from all sides. It only took half a day to end the battle. The first battle of defending Lianyungang was successful, and the morale of the officers and men of the 667 regiment led by Wan Yi was greatly boosted. Wan Yi, the head of the regiment, led his troops back to Lianyungang and stationed in Sunjiashan area to prepare for the Japanese invaders' landing attack.

1at dawn on may 20th, 938, the Japanese army began to forcibly land in Lianyungang. Wan Yi took the lead and went to the front to lead the resistance. The battle was carried out by the 667th Regiment alone. At that time, the enemy used the morning fog to dispatch several motorboats. With the cooperation of the plane, more than 200 marines landed forcibly, and the 667th Regiment immediately stopped them. Machine guns, rifles and grenades are put together, making the enemy afraid to look up. The Japanese army also used planes to violently strafe and bomb the positions of the Northeast Army, and organized repeated charges. On the night of the battle, the enemy took advantage of the sea and air to break through the position of the first battalion of the Northeast Army. The officers and men of the 667 regiment stopped the enemy from advancing with intensive artillery fire, while organizing forces to launch anti-assault overnight. Wan Yi ordered the 3rd Battalion to sneak into the enemy's camp by night and hand-to-hand combat with grenades and bayonets. The enemy was unprepared. In the face of the sudden attack, although he resisted, he could do nothing and was beaten and fled.

Sun Jiashan fought fiercely day and night, repelling many Japanese attacks and destroying 30 or 40 enemy troops. After Sunjiashan's attack failed, the Japanese army turned west along the railway in an attempt to detour to Yuntai Mountain. 1 12 division set an ambush near Miaoling after perceiving the Japanese intention. At dawn on June 8, three battalions of 1938 and 12 division defeated the Japanese army in Miaoling, with more than 300 Japanese casualties and forced to return to their original positions. 1on July 8, 938, the Japanese army tried to land in Xugou again and suffered the same fate.

1August 2, 938, the Japanese army dispatched more than 40 ships, carrying more than a thousand people, five or six guns and four planes, and launched an attack on the tip of Yuntai Mountain. The garrison at the top of the mast is the 672 nd regiment, and the 667 th regiment is the reserve team. It is fortified and stands by near the division. With advanced weapons, the Japanese army was bombarded by sea and air artillery, and the enemy took risks. After a day of fierce fighting, the big mast tip position was captured by the enemy. 1 12 division headquarters immediately issued an emergency order, ordering the 667th regiment to immediately transfer from reserve to combat post, and assisting the 672nd regiment to recapture the mast tip. The 667th Regiment immediately moved to the right, got in touch with the 672nd Regiment, immediately launched a fierce attack on the enemy's right wing, caught the enemy off guard, and made him retreat after hastily fighting. Later, Wan Yi and Bai Xilu, the head of the 672nd Regiment, agreed that at 3: 00 midnight, the 672nd Regiment would attack from the front and the 667th Regiment would attack from the flank at the same time. The 672nd regiment attacked from the front, and the enemy quickly organized a fire counterattack. Colonel Wan Yi took advantage of the situation and led the 667th regiment to fight from the rear, and launched hand-to-hand combat with the Japanese army. The Japanese army was attacked on both sides, unable to resist, and hurriedly took the road and ran down the hill. The 667th Regiment set up machine guns from behind, strafing violently. The enemy's casualties are worse than the battle of Sunjiashan. The Japanese army dragged the bodies and fled in confusion, throwing weapons, ammunition, tents, oil drums and other military supplies all over the mountain. The enemy suffered heavy casualties and could not land from Lianyungang. The battle of Lianyungang achieved initial victory. The Japanese army also had to admit that the sneak attack on Lianyungang "made the navy suffer a lot." At that time, the Kuomintang Central Daily reported on the front page that "the troops guarding Yuntai Mountain are as strong as steel city and as strong as gold ..." Colonel Wan Yi heroically killed the enemy in the defending battle of Lianyungang and won a great reputation. The two-part allegorical saying "I'm not afraid of 10 thousand, but I'm afraid of one thousand (easy)" has also spread all over Lianyungang. Wan Yi was imprisoned by the Kuomintang reactionaries in the "February 17th Incident", and the progressive forces of the Northeast Army11Division were also besieged by the reactionary forces. 1942 In July, according to Chiang Kai-shek's order, the Kuomintang Su Ru Theater Army began the so-called military court trial of Wan Yi. The chief military judge is Li, deputy director of military law in the theater, and Hou, director of military law in the 1 1 division, attended. The two of them put on a solemn look.

As soon as the court opened, Li announced: "On instructions from the Central Committee, you are being tried for the following crimes today: First, collaborating with Japanese imperialism; The second is an accessory to the' Double Twelve' incident; The third is suspected of being a traitor. " After these three articles were handed down, any one of them could have killed Wan Yi at that time. As soon as Wen Yi finished, Wan Yi knew fairly well. It turns out that you have tried your best, so you can only blame Luo Zhi! So, he angrily denounced these two guys in class.

Wan Yi said, "What evidence do you have to prove that I collaborated with the enemy? You said, have you found your conscience? I, General Wan Yimeng Zhang Hanqing, trained myself and became a decent officer of the Northeast Army. Since the Anti-Japanese War, it has experienced some important battles: it was ordered to cross the river in the starry night and led the 672 nd regiment to hold the Jiangyin fortress; Rushed to Zhenjiang to participate in a bloody battle to defend Nanjing; Leading the 667th Regiment to fight fiercely in southern Jiangsu, killing the enemy many times; Cut off thieves and robbers with Mr. Chang, resolutely resist Japan, and so on. One by one, I feel worthy of my hometown in Northeast China, the Chinese nation and the troubled great motherland. You said one of the wars was a message to the Japanese? If you get the information, can you win? In addition, you can slander me at will, but are you worthy of the officers and men who have participated in these battles? Many of them have died heroically for the country and the people, and have been buried in peace. Some of them are disabled for life and have a hard life. Are you worthy of martyrs and disabled people? "

Li was tongue-tied and struck the table with anger: "This is a crime, I can't help asking!" " Wan Yi immediately followed suit and retorted, "That's it. You asked me on orders from Shang Feng. I don't blame you, but as the presiding officer, you must think clearly and find the evidence, right?"

Knowing that he was wrong, Li Wenyuan stopped answering the first one and asked the second one: "In the Double Twelve Incident, Zhang Xueliang hijacked the leader. He is the principal offender and you are an accessory. " Wan Yi retorted: "The' Double Twelve' incident promoted the national war of resistance, and people will judge whether it is successful or not. As for the hijacking of leaders, I am just a small head and I am not qualified to participate in decision-making. We are called the Commander-in-Chief of 5 1 Army and the Chairman of Gansu Provincial Government. Excuse me, I'm a colonel. If I am an accomplice, what does it have to do with the commander-in-chief? "

Li is tongue-tied again. He then asked the third question: "You are suspected of being a traitor!" Wan Yi retorted with a smile, "Do you have a witness? Find them as soon as possible. I am willing to confront him! " Li said to him, "There is no need to find any witnesses. Isn't it obvious that the Eighth Route Army posted slogans and distributed leaflets everywhere to complain for you? " Wan Yi retorted, "Can this be inferred? I am the ninth graduate of Wujiang Guild Hall in Northeast China. I followed Zhang Hanqing's instruction, resisted Japan and saved the nation, and went home in armor. * * * Producers' Party and the Eighth Route Army uphold justice, posting slogans and distributing leaflets to show their praise for justice. How can you accuse me of their actions, Luo Zhi! "

After some debate, the officials on the trial bench were very embarrassed. In fact, the "judge" became a "trial" and had to end it hastily. A few days later, on August 2, 1938, the military court held its second session. They were unable to make any new articles, but they repeated three "accusations" and declared the trial over. On the morning of August 2nd, 1942, the second trial of Wan Yi by the military court of the Kuomintang Su Ru Theater ended. Although no verdict has been announced, judging from their hasty ending, the so-called "trial" process has been completed, and then it is natural to carry out "execution" according to their chairman's "telegram".

"You can't sit still, you have to act now!" After coming back from the trial court, Wan Yi secretly made this determination. In this small farmhouse in captivity, Wan Yi has scanned the office and yard with the experienced eyes of soldiers observing the terrain more than once: there are sentries at the door, not too high walls. As long as there is a rope and a few wooden wedges, you can climb the wall quietly. Outside the wall is a lush cornfield. In the dark, get into the cornfield and go straight to the southwest. Not too far. Dozens of miles away is the guerrilla zone, and then the area controlled by the Eighth Route Army.

Finally, the sun went down and it got dark. Very easy to stay up until about eleven o'clock in the evening, Wan Yi blew out the candles and pretended to go to the toilet.

At this time, seeing that the sentry was silent, he inserted the wooden wedge prepared in advance into the gap of the fence, tied the rope, climbed over the fence and went down the rope to the underground outside the fence. He calmed down, calmly looked at the surrounding environment, determined the direction, and ran out of the cornfield and the beach for more than ten miles. Suddenly, a small river appeared in front of me, which was knee deep. He didn't have time to undress, so he waded across the river in his pants.

As soon as I landed, I found several guns on the shore and several soldiers were sleeping soundly. On the right, a sentry is lighting a cigarette, and the dog next to him barks several times. What shall we do? With a heart crossed, he simply met the sentry and continued to walk to the northwest. The sentry thought it was one of his own who got up to relieve himself without saying a word. He went straight through, entered the cornfield and walked down quickly.

After dawn, it is estimated that we have reached the guerrilla zone. I saw a child herding sheep early and asked if there were any troops living in the village. This just boldly entered the village and found the village head. He said to the village head, "I am a senior member of the Yu Xuezhong headquarters. I have a secret job. I want to contact the Eighth Route Army. You know where they live. Find someone to send me! " The village chief saw him wearing a fairly neat military uniform, wearing glasses and a telescope hanging on his chest. Although there are traces of wading on his trousers, he doesn't look like a runaway. He sent a man with a little donkey and sent him on his way after dinner. After a short walk, I came to Company 9, 3rd Battalion, 6th Regiment, 2nd Brigade of Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army. As soon as the company commander heard that the new comer was in Wan Yi, a famous city in this area, he immediately sent soldiers to take him to the regimental headquarters. Wang Jianqing, political commissar of the regiment, received him. Prepare meals and arrange accommodation. At the same time, it quickly reported to Shandong Branch of * * *, and the branch quickly sent someone to meet it. So, he finally managed to escape from the cage.

At this time, Chang Enduo, the teacher of the 11th Division, was seriously ill. Before he died, he wrote instructions to Guo Weicheng: "Be sure to follow Guo Weicheng and carry out Princess Zhang Han, so as to achieve the great wish of killing the enemy and weeding out traitors. Instructions to officers and men of this division. " On August 3rd, 1938, the news that Wan Yi escaped from prison came from 1 1, which caused great shock. 11/division Guo Weicheng and other revolutionary forces took action, announcing their support for the Three People's Principles and the generalissimo of the National Government and opposing the elimination of the Northeast Army in the name of the Three People's Principles. Second, implement the program of resistance against Japan and founding the country; (3) unite all anti-Japanese forces and unite with the outside world; Insist on killing the enemy and eliminating rape. On the way to the Eighth Route Army garrison, Chang Enduo, the division commander, died in the early morning of August 9, 1938.

According to various situations at that time, China * * * Shandong Branch immediately sent Wan Yi and others back to11to start work. In 65438+February, Wan Yi was elected as the new11teacher at the cadre meeting. Under his specific leadership,11division was gradually transformed into the people's army according to the instructions of the party, and then reorganized into the coastal detachment of the Eighth Route Army. After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, this unit "returned home" and crossed the sea into the northeast. Later, he and his brothers co-edited the column of Northeast Field Army, with Wan Yi as the commander of the column. In the Northeast Liberation War, this unit fought four wars in Siping, three wars in Jiangnan, and one war in western Liaoning, and went south to Guangdong and Guangxi. In the battle against the US military in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, it was known as the "Long Live Army", that is, the famous 38 th Army in China. 1948165438+1October 2, the liberation of Shenyang marked the liberation of the whole northeast. At this time, the Central Military Commission ordered the headquarters of the Northeast Field Army to enter the customs, and together with the troops of the North China Military Region, carried out the battle of Ping Jin.

Since the September 18th Incident, Wan Yi, who was bent on "returning to his hometown in Northeast China", thought: "Since he is a native of Northeast China, there are troops in Northeast China when the field army enters the customs. Will his superiors leave themselves in the northeast? You won't let yourself enter the customs with the field army? " Therefore, Wan Yi specially sent a telegram to the headquarters of the Northeast Field Army: "I demand to enter the customs with the field army and continue to exercise myself in the battle to liberate the whole country. I hope that when the organization considers arranging military cadres to stay in the northeast, don't consider me. " After receiving the telegram, the headquarters of the Northeast Field Army called back and said, "There is no plan to leave you in the Northeast."

After receiving the telegram, Wan Yi confidently organized all the preparations for the entry of the five verticals. 165438+1October 5th, Wan Yi and Liu Xingyuan were ordered to enter Yixian county, Liaoning province. During the rest period in Yixian County, the Fifth Longitudinal Army was ordered to be renamed the 42nd Army of the China People's Liberation Army, with Wan Yi as the commander and Liu Xingyuan as the political commissar, and was in charge of the 124th Division, the 125th Division and the 126th Division. Wan Yi became the first commander of the 42nd Army of China People's Liberation Army.

65438+At the beginning of February, the 42nd Army was ordered to assemble from Yixian to Jixian and Sanhe in Hebei. 19381February 12, 42nd Army arrived at the designated position under the command of Liu Xingyuan, and Fu fled, most of them fled to Beiping. Wan Yi decisively ordered the troops to travel day and night, and finally occupied Nankou and Badaling. With lightning speed, he captured Fengtai, the battle site, and cut off the connection between Tianjin and Tianjin at Fu Zuoyi.

1949 65438+1October 3 1, Beiping was peacefully liberated. At the end of February, Wan Yi received a notice from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and went to Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province to attend the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee. After receiving the notice, Wan Yi was a little nervous. He comes from the old army and has never seen Mao Zedong. I wonder what will happen after meeting. In early March, Wan Yi went to Xibaipo and met Mao Zedong for the first time. Mao Zedong simply asked about the situation on the road, and the conversation turned to Wan Yi's surname. He asked humorously, "Comrade, among hundreds of surnames, besides Wu, Lu, Qian and Wan, which surnames are associated with numbers? Your surname is Wan. Have you studied this aspect? "

This question made everyone at the meeting laugh, and Wan Yi's nervous mood relaxed. Wan Yi said, "I don't know what the surname of this number is. It's the first time I've heard of it. I have never done this research before. " The first meeting passed easily.

Meeting in Xibaipo, work, study and spare time activities are arranged in an orderly way. Every time we eat, we go into the restaurant and have a table for ten people. The seat is not fixed. Whoever comes to dinner and chats while eating is very active. On one occasion, Wan Yi went a little late, and many tables were empty. There is only one seat on the edge of Mao Zedong. Without further consideration, Wan Yi squeezed in and sat down. Mao Zedong watched and joked while eating noodles: "Comrade, you can be regarded as Zhang's' remnant'!" Wan Yi said, "Madam President, I can't be regarded as Zhang's' remnant'. Zhang' s' remnant' should be. " Mao Zedong asked, "Where is Zhang Xuesi now?" Wan Yi said: "Zhang Xuesi is now the chairman of Liaoning Province and the vice chairman of Northeast Administrative Committee." Mao Zedong said, "That's not bad!" Wan Yi said: "Zhang Xuesi once told me that he studied military, but now he doesn't do what he studied, hoping to work in the army. However, this may also be his personal modesty. " Mao Zedong said, "Well, it's easy to go back to the army." Later, Zhang Xuesi really returned to work in the army and became the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy.

After the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, Wan Yi returned to the 42nd Army. In April, the Central Military Commission ordered Wan Yi to be the commander of the special forces of the Fourth Field Army, and the commander of the 42nd Army was replaced by Wu Ruilin, the deputy commander.

1952 in March, Wan Yi was transferred to Beijing Russian Institute. After studying Russian for half a year, he went to the Soviet Union to study artillery. In August, the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry was established. Luo Ronghuan, director of the General Political Department and head of the General Cadre Department, talked with Wan Yi and asked Wan Yi to be the deputy minister in charge of military production. 1953 in may, the general staff established the weapons and equipment planning department, with Wan Yi as minister. Wan Yi was the first minister of the Equipment Department. He has been in this position for six years.

1955 In September, Wan Yi was awarded the rank of Lieutenant General. /kloc-in the summer of 0/959, because of a short speech, he became "one of the important members of Peng's anti-party clique" and was dismissed from all positions inside and outside the party. In July 1977, Deng Xiaoping gave instructions on the situation in Wan Yi: "Since there are no political and historical problems, it is necessary to properly resettle them. He has made contributions in the past. " The Central Military Commission appointed Wan Yi as an adviser to the General Logistics Department. On June 2nd, 1979,1.980, 1. 1.05, the General Political Department issued two documents in succession, announcing the removal of ten "hats" from Wan Yi's head, and the 20-year injustice case was completely rehabilitated. 1997101October 3 1 day, Wan Yi died in Beijing at the age of 90. 1on April 29th, 985, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC, the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly issued (Hall No. 1985 139) Reply on the construction of Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall, and agree to build Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall (new hall) in Jinzhou.

1986 On April 8, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army issued the Notice of Members of the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Committee (group number 198636), and appointed Wan Yi, a member of the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Advisory Committee who was the commander and political commissar of the first column of the Northeast Field Army, as a member of the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Committee and directly participated in leading Liaoshen. Comrade Wan Yi attended the meeting of Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Committee for four times, and participated in the examination and approval of architectural design scheme, details of exhibition outline, exhibition art design scheme and the creation sample of panoramic painting "Conquering Jinzhou", which helped solve various major problems in the museum construction and made important contributions to the smooth completion of the new Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall. 1986 July 10, Comrade Wan Yi attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the new Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall in the Liaoshen Campaign Martyrs Cemetery.

1988 65438+1October 3 1, at 9: 28 am, the inauguration ceremony of the new Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall was held grandly. Comrade Wan Yi, former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Advisory Committee, attended the ceremony.