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Knowledge points in the first half of English in Senior Two.

Chu Er Shang

1) the usage of leaving

1. "Leaving+Location" means "Leaving a Location". For example:

When did you leave Shanghai?

2. "Leave for a place" means "Leave for a place". For example:

Alice is going to London next Friday.

3. "Leave+land+change+land" means "leave one place for another". For example:

Why did you leave Shanghai for Beijing?

2) Learn to use the modal verb should.

As a modal verb, Should often expresses surprise, surprise, incomprehension, etc. , and the meaning of "meet by chance", for example:

How should I know? How should I know?

Why are you late today? Why did you come so late today?

Should sometimes means something that should be done or happened, for example:

We should help each other. We should help each other.

Pay attention to the following points when using:

1. is used to express the concept of "should" or "should not". At this time, it often means that the elders teach or blame the younger generation. For example:

You should be innocent. You should wash your hands before you come.

2. Used to put forward opinions to convince others. For example:

If you don't feel well, you should see a doctor. If you don't feel well, you'd better see a doctor.

3. Used to express possibility. This usage of should is one of the test sites that often appear in exams. For example:

We should arrive before dinner. We will arrive before dinner.

She should be here any minute. She may come at any moment.

3) What ... what to use ...

1.what and which are interrogative pronouns, both of which can refer to people or things, but what is only used to ask about occupation. For example:

What does your father do? What does your father do?

This sentence is equivalent to:

What does your father do?

Refers to people in a specific range. For example:

Which one is Peter? Which one is Pete?

-The boy behind Mary. The boy behind Mary.

2. What ...? It is a general term, and its scope is unlimited; Which one ... it refers to a limited range of things. For example:

What's your favorite color? (All colors)

What's your favorite color?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (with specific scope)

What color do you like best?

3. After what and which, you can take commands, plural nouns and uncountable nouns. For example:

Which pictures are from China?

4) The position of frequency adverbs

1. Common frequency adverbs are as follows:

Always (always, always)

Usually (usually)

Often (often, often)

Sometimes (sometimes)

Never (never)

2. The position of frequency adverbs:

A. put it after a connecting verb, an auxiliary verb or a modal verb. For example:

David is often late for school.

B. put it before the action verb. For example:

We usually go to school at 7: 10 every day.

We often go to school at 7: 10 every day.

Some frequency adverbs can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence to show emphasis. For example:

Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I ride a bike.

When 3.never is placed at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and predicate verbs should be reversed. For example:

I have never been there.

5) Every day and every day

1. Do adverbial every day and translate it into "every day". For example:

We go to school at 7: 10 every day.

I decided to read English every day.

Everyday is an attribute, which translates as "everyday".

After dinner, she watches everyday English on TV.

What are your daily activities?

6) What is an auxiliary verb?

1. Words that help active words form predicate verb phrases are called auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are called active words.

Auxiliary verbs are meaningless and cannot be used alone, for example:

He does not like English. He does not like English.

(not is an auxiliary verb and has no meaning; Like is the main verb.

2. Auxiliary verbs help active words to complete the following functions, which can be used to:

A. express tenses, such as:

He is singing. He is singing.

He's married. He's married.

B. express sounds, such as:

He was sent to England. He was sent to England.

C. formal issues, such as:

Do you like college life? Do you like college life?

Did you learn English before you came here? Did you learn English before you came here?

D. Used with the negative adverb not to form a negative sentence, for example:

I don't like him. I don't like him.

E. strengthen the tone, such as:

Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night. Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night.

He does know. He does know.

3. The most commonly used auxiliary verbs are: be, have, do, shall, will, should and would.

7) Forget what to do and remember what to do.

Forget to do sth. (unfinished)

Forget to do sth. (completed)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

The light in the office is still on, and it forgot to turn it off. (Leave the light on)

He forgot to turn off the light.

He forgot that he had turned off the light. (The light has been turned off)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

Don't forget to come tomorrow. (The upcoming action has not yet been completed)

Typical example

The light in the office is still on.

Oh, I forgot.

A. turn it off

C. turn it off

Answer: C. It can be seen from the fact that the light is still on, that is, the action of turning off the light has not happened, so we have to forget to do something. Forget the fact that the light has been turned off. This doesn't fit the meaning of the question.

2. Remember to do something (not do it)

Remember to do sth. Remember to do sth.

Remember to go to the post office after school.

Don't you remember seeing this man before?

Don't you remember seeing that man before?

This is for someone. This is for someone.

For sb Adjectives are often used to express the characteristics and objective forms of things, such as easy, difficult, difficult, interesting and impossible. ;

It is difficult for him to learn two languages. It is difficult for him to learn two foreign languages.

2. Generally, adjectives are used to express personality, morality and subjective feelings or attitudes, such as good, kind, good, smart, stupid and correct.

It is very kind of you to help me. It is very kind of you to help me.

3.3. Distinguishing method between for and of:

Use the pronoun after the preposition as the subject and the adjective before the preposition as the predicate to make sentences. If it is reasonable to use of, it is unreasonable to use for. For example:

You're so good. Fluent, so use it.

He works hard. It is difficult for people to get through, so use for. )

9) Questions about two sentences

The new target English tends to cancel the underlined sentence in the proposition, and the current practice is to ask one sentence freely. For example:

The boy in blue has three pens.

Question: 1. Who has three pens?

2. Which boy has three pens?

3. What does the boy in blue have?

How many pens does the boy in blue have?

Obviously, students answer from more angles, which also reflects the flexibility of the exam. Another example is:

Sentence: He naturally goes to the park with his friends at eight o'clock on Sunday.

Question: 1. Who will go to the park with friends at eight o'clock on Sunday?

2. Where does he usually go with his friends at eight o'clock on Sunday?

What does he usually do with his friends at eight o'clock on Sunday?

Who does he usually go to the park with at eight o'clock on Sunday?

When does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so, so and the use of indefinite articles

1.so is used with indefinite articles a and an, and the structure is "so+ adjective +a/an+ noun". For example:

He is such an interesting boy.

Jim has such a big house.

2. This is used with indefinite articles A and an, and the structure is "this +a/an+ adjective+noun". For example:

The weather is really nice.

That is such an interesting story.

Several situations of using -ing participle

1. continuous tense. For example:

He is watching TV in his room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2. There is a structure there. For example:

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3. In the happiness/problem structure. For example:

We are very happy to learn English this term.

They have difficulty in reaching the top of the mountain.

4. After the preposition. For example:

Thank you for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball?

5. In the following structure:

Enjoy doing sth. Be willing to do sth.

Finish sth. Finish sth.

Want to do sth.

Stop doing sth.

Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth.

Go on doing sth. Go on doing sth.

Remember doing something. Remember doing something.

Enjoy doing sth.

Let someone do something.

Find someone doing something.

See/hear/watch sb do sth.

Try to do sth. Try to do sth.

Need to do something.

Would rather do sth.

Mind doing sth.

Practice doing sth.

Be busy doing sth.

Can't help doing sth.

Miss doing sth. Miss doing sth.

12) Singularity in English

1. The third person singular form of the subject can be replaced by "he, she, it". For example:

He, she, it.

My friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2 nouns include singular nouns and plural nouns. For example:

Man (singular)-man (plural)-banana (singular)-banana (plural)

3. Verbs have prototype, third person singular form, -ing participle, past tense and past participle. For example:

Go, go, go

Work work work work work work.

Watch-watch-watch-watch-watch-watch

When the subject is the third person singular, the predicate verb must be the corresponding third person singular form. For example:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from America.

Their daughter cooks her own breakfast.

12) Singularity in English

1. The third person singular form of the subject can be replaced by "he, she, it". For example:

He, she, it.

My friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2 nouns include singular nouns and plural nouns. For example:

Man (singular)-man (plural)-banana (singular)-banana (plural)

3. Verbs have prototype, third person singular form, -ing participle, past tense and past participle. For example:

Go, go, go

Work work work work work work.

Watch-watch-watch-watch-watch-watch

When the subject is the third person singular, the predicate verb must be the corresponding third person singular form. For example:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from America.

Their daughter cooks her own breakfast.

13) Several forms of noun plural

The composition of noun plural can be divided into two kinds: regular change and irregular change.

Regular changes of noun plural

1. Add -s after general nouns. For example:

Pear-pear hamburger-hamburger

Desk-desk tree-tree

2. Nouns ending with the letters -s, -sh, -ch and -x end with -es. For example:

Class-class cuisine-cuisine

Watch-watch box-box

3. Some nouns end with the letter -o and -es. For example:

Potato potato tomato tomato

Black-black hero-hero

4. For nouns ending in consonants and -y, change -y to -i, and then add -es. For example:

Family-family dictionary-dictionary

City-city-country-country

5. For nouns ending with the letter -f or -fe, change -f or -fe to -v and then add -es. For example:

Half leaf-leaf

Thief-thief knife-knife

Wife's ego

Life-life wolf-wolf

Shelf shelf bread

But:

Scarf-scarf (fes) roof-roof

Serf-Serf Bay

Chief-chief evidence-evidence

Faith-faith

Irregular changes of noun plural

1. Change -oo to-ee. For example:

Foot-foot-tooth-tooth

2. Replace-person with-person. For example:

Men, men, women, women

Police-police postman-postman

3. Add a suffix. For example:

Children.-children

4. Homomorphism of simple numbers and complex numbers. For example:

Sheep-sheep deer-deer

Fish-fish man-man

5. The singular and plural changes of "someone". That is, "China, Japan and Switzerland remain unchanged, Britain and France remain unchanged, and other countries add -s at the end." For example:

China-China-Japan-Japan

Switzerland-Switzerland

English-English-French-French

Australian American

Canadian Canadian Korean Korean

Russians, Russians, Indians, Indians

6. others. For example:

Rat-rat

Apple tree-apple tree

Male teacher-male teacher

14) -ing participle with double-tailed letters.

The following are common in junior high schools:

1 . let→let let

Hit → hit, hit

Cut → cut, cut.

Get → get, get

Sit → sit

Forget → forget → forget

Put → put

Settings → Settings

Nanny → Nanny is hired temporarily to take care of the baby.

2. Shopping → Shopping

Trip → trip → trip

Stop → stop

Give up → give up

3. Travel → Tourism

Swimming → swimming

Running → running → running

Dig → dig, dig

Start → start

Prefer; would rather

Plan → plan plan

15) Some words should be changed from positive sentences to negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

1. Some become any. For example:

There are some birds in the tree.

There are no birds in the tree.

However, if there are some sentences that express invitation and request, some of them can remain unchanged. For example:

Do you want some orange juice?

Some indefinite pronouns related to this, such as something, someone, etc. , should also be changed accordingly.

2.and becomes or. For example:

I have a knife and a ruler.

I don't have a knife or ruler.

Many become many or many. For example:

They have many friends. (countable nouns)

They don't have many friends.

There are many oranges in the bottle. (uncountable nouns)

There are not many oranges in the bottle.

4. It's ready. For example:

I have been there.

I haven't been there yet.

16) and thereafter

In and after can both represent time, but they are different.

1.in is often used in future tense sentences. From now on, it means a period of time in the future. For example:

He will go to Beijing in a week.

2.after is often used in past tense sentences, starting from the past and indicating a period of time in the past. For example:

He went to Beijing a week later.

However, if after is followed by a specific moment, it can also be used in the future tense. For example:

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.

3. Pay attention to distinguish the usage of the following words in.

I will visit him in a week.

I will visit him twice in a week.

The use of indefinite articles a and an

1.a is used before words that start with consonant phonemes. For example:

There is a "b" in the word "book".

There is a letter b in the word book.

Similar letters are: c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z.

She has a knife.

2.an is used before words that start with vowels and phonemes. For example:

There is an "I" in the word "onion".

There is an I in the word onion.

Similar letters are: a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x.

Do you have an umbrella?

3. Words that start with vowels don't always use an in front of them; Words that start with consonants don't always start with a. For example:

a useful book

A universe

A one-letter word

one hour

An uncle

umbrella

the soul of honour

18) How to express "wear" in English?

There are several ways to express "wear and tear" in English, and the common ones are as follows:

1 and put on the action that mainly expresses "wearing". For example:

He put on his coat. He put on his coat.

You'd better put on your shoes. You'd better put on your shoes.

2. Wearing mainly indicates the state of "wearing and wearing". For example:

The old man is wearing a pair of glasses. The old man is wearing a pair of glasses.

The girl is wearing a red skirt. The girl is wearing a red skirt.

Dress can be used as a transitive verb, meaning "get dressed", followed by "people" instead of "clothes". For example:

Please dress the children at once. Please dress the children at once.

Dress can also be an intransitive verb to express the habit of dressing. For example:

This woman always wears green clothes. That woman always wears green clothes.

4. Indicates the state of wearing. For example:

John is wearing white today. John is wearing white today.

The man in black is a football coach.

19) A little, a little feverish.

A little, a few and a little all mean "some, a little". What's the difference between them?

1. A little bit means "some, a little bit", followed by uncountable nouns. For example:

There is a little water in the bottle. There is a little water in the bottle.

Adjectives can also be used with. For example:

He is a little shy. He is a little shy.

Several means "some, several", followed by plural countable nouns. For example:

There are several people in the room. There are some people in the room.

A little means a little, followed by an adjective. For example:

It's a little cold. It's a little cold.

Bit of is followed by an uncountable noun. For example:

He has some money. He has a little money.

4. One point represents the positive meaning and the other represents the negative meaning; A few represent positive meaning, and a few represent negative meaning. For example:

There is a little soda in the glass. There is a little soda in the glass.

There is hardly any soda in the glass. There is hardly any soda in the cup.

I have some friends in China. I have some friends in China.

Few people like him. Few people like him.

5. One point = one point of, followed by uncountable nouns;

A little = a little = a little = species, followed by an adjective meaning "a little".

20) About the usage of like

Like can be used as a verb or preposition.

1, like, as a verb, means general "hobby, like" and has a general meaning. For example:

Do you like this color? Do you like this color?

Like can be followed by infinitive (such as doing something) or -ing participle of verb, sometimes with different meanings. For example:

She likes eating apples. She likes eating apples. (habit)

She likes eating apples. She likes an apple. (I don't usually like it)

Like is used with would, followed by infinitive to express hope or polite request. For example:

would you like a cup of tea? would you like a cup of tea?

"Like someone to do something" can be used in the "like someone to do something/do something" structure. For example:

They all like me singing English songs. They all like me singing English songs.

2.like as a preposition can be translated as "like ...". For example:

She is as friendly to us as her mother. She is friendly to us, just like her mother.

It looks like an orange. It looks like an orange.

3. Distinguish the following sentences:

A.what does he look like?

B.what's he like?

One sentence translates as "What does he look like?" Refers to a person's physical characteristics; And sentence B translates as "What kind of person is he?" Refers to a person's personality characteristics.

C.a boy like Peter is over there.

A boy like Peter can't do it.

A sentence means similar appearance, and D sentence means similar personality.

Stop doing sth, stop doing sth.

1. Stop doing something means "stop doing something". For example:

The students stopped to listen to the teacher.

Stop doing something means "stop doing something". For example:

The students stopped talking. The students stopped talking.

The opposite sentence patterns are: keep doing something "keep doing something (different from what just happened)" and "keep doing something (the same as before)". For example:

He went on learning English after finishing his homework.

He finished his homework and then went on learning English.

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