In interpersonal communication, in what aspects should politeness be manifested?

It’s a bit long, take a closer look, dear

Personal etiquette and appearance

Appearance refers to a person’s appearance and is the appearance of a person’s spiritual outlook. A person's hygiene habits and clothing are closely related to forming and maintaining a dignified and generous appearance.

1. Hygiene: Cleanliness and hygiene are the key to beauty and the basic requirement of etiquette. No matter how good you look or how luxurious your clothes are, if your face is full of dirt and your body smells bad, it will definitely destroy a person's sense of beauty. Therefore, everyone should develop good hygiene habits, wash their face and feet before going to bed, brush their teeth in the morning and evening, and after meals, wash their hair and bathe frequently, and pay attention to grooming and changing clothes frequently. Don't "clean up" in front of others. For example, picking teeth, picking noses, picking earwax, manicuring nails, rubbing dirt, etc. These behaviors should be done away from others, otherwise, it is not only unsightly, but also disrespectful to others. Keep a certain distance when talking to others, don't speak too loudly, and don't spit at people's mouth.

2. Clothing: Clothing reflects a person’s cultural quality and aesthetic taste. Specifically, it must be natural, appropriate, coordinated and generous, and must abide by certain established norms or principles. Clothing must not only adapt to one's own specific conditions, but also must always pay attention to the dressing requirements of the objective environment and occasion. That is, dressing should give priority to the three elements of time, place and purpose, and strive to be consistent with time in all aspects of dressing. , location, and purpose.

Speech

Speech as an art is also an important part of personal etiquette.

1. Politeness: The attitude should be sincere and cordial; the volume of the voice should be appropriate, and the tone should be calm and steady; respect others.

2. Terms: honorifics, words that express respect and politeness. Such as "please", "thank you", "sorry" in daily use, the word "you" in the second person, etc. When we meet for the first time, it's called "Jiu Yang"; when we haven't seen you for a long time, it's called "Jiu no see"; when you ask for criticism, it's called "advice"; when you trouble others, it's called "bothering"; when you ask for convenience, it's called "borrowing light"; when you ask someone to do things, it's called "please", etc. We must work hard to raise people. It has become a habit to use honorifics. Nowadays, the polite language advocated in our country is ten words: "Hello", "Please", "Thank you", "Sorry", "Goodbye". These ten words embody the basics of speaking civility.

Language form.

Deportment

1. Conversation posture: Conversation posture often reflects a person's personality, cultivation and civilized qualities. When talking, both parties should first look at each other and listen to each other. They should not look around, read books or newspapers, look tired, or yawn continuously. Otherwise, they will give the impression of being absent-minded, arrogant and unreasonable.

2 2. Standing posture: Standing is the most basic human posture and is a kind of static beauty. When standing, the body should be perpendicular to the ground, with the center of gravity on the two front feet, chest up, abdomen drawn in, head raised, and shoulders relaxed. Keep your arms hanging naturally or cross in front of your body, keep your eyes straight, and smile. Do not bend your neck, slant your waist, or bend your legs when standing. In some formal occasions, it is not appropriate to put your hands in your trouser pockets or cross them on your chest. Subconsciously making small movements will not only appear restrained and give people a sense of lack of self-confidence, but also lose the dignity of etiquette.

3. Sitting posture: Sitting is also a dignified and graceful sitting posture. It gives people a sense of elegance, stability, and natural grace. The correct sitting posture should be: back straight and shoulders relaxed. Women should keep their knees together; men's knees can be spread apart, but not too wide, generally no more than shoulder width. Naturally place it on your knees or on the armrest of a chair. In formal occasions, you should sit gently and gently, and when you stand up, you should be dignified and steady. Do not sit up suddenly, which will cause the table and chairs to rattle and create an awkward atmosphere. Stay upright, as the ancients said, "Sit like a bell." If you insist on this, no matter how you change your body posture, it will be graceful and natural.

4. Walking posture: Walking is an important part of human life. The main movement of walking is a kind of dynamic beauty. "Walking like the wind" is used to describe the brisk and natural gait. The correct walking posture is: light and steady, the chest should be high, the head should be lifted, and the shoulders should be relaxed. , look straight with eyes, smile, and swing arms naturally.

5 Meeting Etiquette Editor

1. Handshake: Handshake is an important way to communicate ideas, exchange feelings, and enhance friendship. When shaking hands with others, look at them and greet them with a smile. Do not be absent-minded or look around, and do not wear a hat or gloves when shaking hands. Under normal circumstances, the handshake should not last more than 3 seconds, and you must stand and shake hands to show respect and courtesy to others.

Handshakes also pay attention to a certain order: generally the "Honorable person decides", that is, after women, elders, married people, and people with higher positions extend their hands, men, juniors, unmarried people, and people with lower positions will Only then can you reach out and respond. If a person wants to shake hands with many people, the polite order is: elders first, then juniors, hosts first, guests, superiors first, subordinates first, ladies first, gentlemen first.

2. Bowing: Bowing means bending down to salute. It is a polite way of showing respect to others. Before bowing, look at the other person politely with your eyes to show sincerity of respect. When bowing, you must stand at attention, take off your hat, and be solemn. You must not eat anything in your mouth, or say anything unrelated to the salute while bowing.

3. Salutation: Salutation is a silent greeting etiquette, often used to greet people who know each other in social situations. In social situations, people often express friendliness by waving, bowing, or taking off their hats.

6 Public Etiquette Editor

Etiquette in Specific Public Places

1. Movie theater: Audiences should take their seats as early as possible. If your seat is in the middle, you should politely signal to those already seated and ask them to let you pass. When passing a seat, you must face the person head-on. Do not let your buttocks face the other person's face. This is very rude. You should dress neatly. Even if the weather is hot, it is unsightly to expose your chest and abdomen. Never shout or laugh in a movie theater, or treat the movie theater like a snack bar and eat and drink too much. After the performance, the audience should leave in an orderly manner without pushing.

2. Library and reading room: Library and reading room are public learning places.

(1) Be tidy and follow the rules. T-shirts and slippers are not allowed inside. When seated, do not reserve your spot for others. When consulting catalog cards, do not mess up or tear the cards, or use a pen to draw lines on the cards.

(2) Keep quiet and hygienic. Walk softly, don't talk loudly, and don't eat foods that make noise or have husks.

(3) Books, tables, chairs, benches, etc. in libraries and reading rooms are public property and should be taken care of and not arbitrarily painted or destroyed.

Ride Etiquette

1. Cycling: Strictly abide by traffic rules. Don’t run red lights, don’t hold an umbrella when riding a bicycle, don’t chase each other or race in twists and turns, and don’t ride with others. If you encounter an old, weak, sick or disabled person who is slow to move, you should be understanding and take the initiative to be courteous.

2. Taking trains or ships: In the waiting room or waiting room, keep quiet and do not shout loudly. When boarding the bus or boat, queue up in order and avoid crowding. In carriages and ships, don't spit anywhere, don't throw paper scraps or peels, and don't let children urinate anywhere.

3. Taking a bus: When the bus arrives at the station, you should line up in order, and be considerate and courteous to women, children, the elderly and the sick. Don't grab a seat after getting on the bus, and don't put items on the seat to occupy a seat for others. Passengers who encounter the elderly, weak, sick, pregnant or carrying babies should take the initiative to give up their seats.

Travel Etiquette

1. Travel: All tourists should take good care of public property in tourist areas. Public buildings, facilities, cultural relics, and even flowers, plants, and trees must not be damaged at will; no scribbling, graffiti, or carvings can be made on pillars, walls, monuments, and other buildings; no spitting, urination, or Pollution of the environment; do not litter with peeling paper scraps and debris.

2. Hotel accommodation: Passengers should not make loud noises in the room when staying in any hotel to avoid disturbing other guests. Treat waiters with courtesy and express gratitude for the service they provide.

3. Dining in a restaurant: Respect the work of the waiter and be courteous to the waiter. When the waiter is too busy, you should wait patiently and do not knock the table or bowl or shout.

Regarding the mistakes made by the waiters at work, they should be pointed out in good faith and should not be sarcastic or sarcastic.

7 School Etiquette Editor

Schools, as specialized places for teaching and educating people, etiquette education is an important part of moral and aesthetic education.

Student Etiquette

Students are the main body of school work. Therefore, the common sense of etiquette that students should have is an important part of school etiquette education. Students must observe certain etiquette in class, in activities, and when getting along with teachers and classmates.

1. Classroom etiquette: Obeying classroom discipline is the most basic courtesy for students.

(1) Class: As soon as the class bell rings, students should sit upright in the classroom and wait for the teacher to start class. When the teacher announces class, the whole class should quickly stand up, say hello to the teacher, and wait for the teacher to answer the greeting. , before you can sit down. Students should arrive at school on time. If due to special circumstances, they have to enter the classroom after the teacher has started class, they should first obtain permission from the teacher before entering the classroom.

(2) Listening: In class, you should listen carefully to the teacher's explanation, concentrate, think independently, and take notes on important content. When the teacher asks a question, you should raise your hand first, and then stand up and answer when the teacher calls your name. When speaking, your body should be at attention, your attitude should be generous, your voice should be clear and loud, and you should use Mandarin.

(3) End of get out of class: When the bell rings, if the teacher has not announced the end of get out of class, students should listen to the lecture with peace of mind and do not rush to pack up books or make the table rattle. This is a sign of disrespect to the teacher. of disrespect. At the end of class, all students still need to stand up and say "goodbye" to the teacher. Students can only leave after the teacher leaves the classroom.

2. Clothing and appearance: The basic requirements for dressing are: fit; timely; neat; generous; and pay attention to the occasion.

3. Teacher-respecting etiquette: Students should take the initiative to salute and say hello to their teachers when they come in and out of the campus or go up and down the stairs. When students enter the teacher's office, they should knock on the door first and obtain permission from the teacher before entering. In the teacher's work and living place, teachers' belongings cannot be turned over casually. Students should not point fingers or comment on the teacher's appearance and clothing, but should respect the teacher's habits and personality.

4. Etiquette among classmates: The deep friendship between classmates is a force of unity and friendship in life. Paying attention to etiquette and politeness among classmates is a basic requirement for you to have a good relationship with classmates. Students can call each other by their first names, but they are not allowed to use impolite words such as "hey" or "hey". When asking for something from a classmate, you must use polite words such as "please", "thank you", "please", etc. When borrowing study and daily necessities, you should ask for permission before taking them. They should be returned promptly after use and thank you. We should not laugh at, sneer at, or discriminate against classmates for their misfortunes, occasional failures, temporary lagging behind in learning, etc., but should provide enthusiastic help. You must not comment on your classmates' appearance, body shape, or clothing, nor give them insulting nicknames. You must not laugh at your classmates' physical defects. You must be careful and respectful on these issues related to self-esteem. Don't talk about topics that are taboo for your classmates, and don't talk about your classmates' faults casually.

5. Assembly etiquette: Assemblies are a frequently held activity in schools. It is usually held in a playground or auditorium. Due to the large number of participants and the formal occasion, special attention must be paid to the etiquette of the gathering. Flag-raising ceremony: The flag is a symbol of a country, and raising and lowering the flag is a way of educating young people about patriotism. Whether in primary, secondary schools or universities, national flag-raising ceremonies must be held regularly. When the flag is raised, all students should line up neatly, face the national flag, and stand in salute. When the national flag is hoisted and the national anthem is played, stand at attention, take off your hat, and pay attention until the flag is raised. Flag-raising is a serious and solemn activity and must be kept quiet. Do not move freely, laugh or look around. The demeanor should be solemn. When the five-star red flag is rising, everyone present should look up and watch.

6. Etiquette in public places on campus: You should consciously keep the campus clean and tidy, and do not throw paper scraps, peels, spit, or dump garbage in classrooms, corridors, or playgrounds. Do not scribble, scribble, wipe or carve on the blackboard, walls, desks and chairs, take care of school public property, flowers, plants and trees, and save water and electricity.

Consciously store bicycles in designated sheds or locations, do not park them randomly, and do not block traffic on campus. When dining in the canteen, you must queue up and be courteous, avoid crowding, cherish food, and do not throw away leftovers.

Teacher Etiquette

Teachers are the main body of school work. They are not only the disseminators of scientific and cultural knowledge, but also the ideological and moral educators of students. While disseminating knowledge, teachers exert a subtle influence on students with their words, deeds, etiquette, and politeness, thereby affecting students' words and deeds. Therefore, teachers must pay great attention to the impression they leave on students and make themselves an excellent role model in all aspects that students can follow.

1. Teacher’s behavior: A person’s temperament, self-confidence, and self-cultivation are often reflected in his posture. As a teacher who is an engineer who shapes the human soul, you must also pay attention to your behavior on various occasions and be generous, appropriate, natural, and not false.

(1) Gaze: When giving lectures on the podium, the teacher's gaze should be soft, friendly, and thoughtful, giving people a sense of peace, approachability, and assertiveness. When you make a mistake in your speech and are interrupted by students, or when something unexpected happens among the students and interrupts your lecture, you should not look at you with disdain or disdain. Doing so will damage your image in the minds of students.

(2) Standing posture: When teachers stand and give lectures, they not only pay attention to students, but also help to use body language to enhance the teaching effect. When standing to give a lecture, you should stand firm and straight, with your chest naturally raised, and do not shrug your shoulders or hold your head too high. When you need to move around the podium, your strides should not be too long or too hasty.

(3) Gestures: When teachers give lectures, they generally need to use appropriate gestures to enhance the effect of the lecture. Gestures should be appropriate, natural, and appropriate, and should follow the relevant content. It is taboo to knock on the podium or make other excessive movements during lectures.

2. Teacher’s speech: The main task of teachers is inseparable from language expression. Therefore, as a teacher, you must pay attention to the etiquette and etiquette that should be observed when expressing language.

(1) The expression must be accurate: Every course set up in the school is a science, with its own rigor and scientific nature. Teachers should strictly follow the requirements of the subject when teaching and should not be vulgar.

(2) The volume should be appropriate: Lectures are not about shouting slogans, and the voice should not be too loud, otherwise it will make students feel hoarse. If the sound is too low and difficult to hear clearly, it will also affect the teaching effect.

(3) The language should be concise: the lecture should focus on the center, do not talk nonsense and unnecessary words, and give students a clean and neat feeling.

(4) Some interesting and humorous words can be inserted into the lectures at appropriate times to activate the classroom atmosphere and improve students' interest in learning.

3. Talk with students:

(1) Notify in advance and be prepared. It is best to greet students in advance during the conversation so that students can be mentally prepared. This is both polite and respectful to students.

(2) Welcome warmly and create an atmosphere of equality. Be well behaved and behave appropriately. When talking, the tone should be calm and patient, not loud or sarcastic, and should show good moral cultivation.

(3) Understand the situation clearly and be reasonable. When talking to others, the teacher's expression should be consistent with the person and content of the conversation. Do not exaggerate, deliberately exaggerate the facts, and do not spread things that are detrimental to unity or hearsay.

8 Official Business Etiquette Editor

Personal Reception Etiquette

When a superior comes to visit, the reception should be considerate. Listen carefully and remember the work explained by the leader; the leader understands the situation and respond truthfully; if the leader comes to express condolences, express sincere gratitude. When leaders say goodbye, they should stand up and say "goodbye" to each other.

When subordinates come to visit, the reception should be cordial and warm. In addition to following the general visitor etiquette, you should listen carefully to the questions raised and respond politely if you cannot answer them at the moment. At the end of the visit, stand up and say goodbye.

Telephone reception etiquette

Basic requirements for telephone reception:

(1) When the phone rings, pick up the phone and first announce your home address, and then ask The intention of the other party calling, etc.

(2) When communicating on the phone, you must carefully understand the other party's intentions, and repeat and echo the other party's conversation as necessary to show positive feedback to the other party.

(3) A phone record book should be kept, and important phone calls should be recorded.

(4) After finishing the phone call, you should wait for the other party to finish the conversation and then end with "goodbye". After the other party puts down the microphone, put it down gently again to show respect for the other party.

Etiquette during introductions

When guests come to the office and meet with the leader, they are usually introduced and introduced by the office staff. When guiding guests to the leader's office, staff should walk a few steps ahead and to the left of the guests, and avoid leaving their backs to the guests. When accompanying the guest to meet the leader, don't just walk around in silence. You can randomly say some decent words or introduce the general situation of the unit.

Before entering the leader's office, you should knock on the door gently and get permission before entering. Do not rush in. When knocking on the door, tap lightly with your finger knuckles and do not slap hard. After entering the room, you should first nod to the leader and then introduce the guest to the leader. When introducing, pay attention to your wording and use your hands to indicate, but do not point at the other party with your fingers. The order of introduction is generally to introduce those with lower status and younger age to those with higher status and older age; to introduce gay men to lesbians; if there are several guests visiting at the same time, they should be introduced in order according to their positions. When you walk out of the room after the introduction, you should be natural and generous, and maintain a good posture. When you go out, you should turn around and close the door gently.

Traveling by car

Office staff should pay attention to the following when accompanying leaders and guests by car:

(1) Let the leaders and guests go first, Come up behind yourself.

(2) You should take the initiative to open the car door and signal with your hands. Wait until the leader and the guests are seated firmly before closing the door. Generally, the right door of the car is up, first, and respected, so you should open the right door first. , be sure not to use too much force when closing the door.

(3) It is very particular about the seat on the bus. In our country, the right side is usually up and the left side is down. When accompanying a guest, sit on the left side of the guest.

Handling and receiving things

Handling and receiving things is a common gesture in life.

The basic requirement of etiquette is to respect others. Therefore, you must use both hands when passing things to show respect for the other person. For example, handing over business cards: After two parties are introduced to each other, they often exchange business cards. When handing over a business card, you should hand it over respectfully with both hands, with the front of the card facing the other person. When accepting someone else's business card, you should also hold it respectfully with both hands. After receiving the business card, you should read it carefully or read the content of the business card consciously. Do not stuff the business card into your pocket without looking at it, or throw it around.

General meeting etiquette

The main points are as follows:

(1) The purpose should be stated when issuing meeting notices.

(2) Plan to send out meeting notice. The meeting notice must specify the meeting time, location, meeting theme, and participants. Notice should be given a certain amount of time in advance so that participants can be prepared.

(3) Arrange the venue. The size of the venue depends on the content of the meeting and the number of participants. If the venue is difficult to find, signposts should be placed near the venue for guidance.

(4) The meeting time should be compact. In long "marathon" meetings, long reports are often given at the top, while whispering and yawning occur at the bottom. Therefore, "short and concise", effective use of time, and discussion of substantive issues should be regarded as a very important item in meeting etiquette.

(5) Welcome and farewell etiquette. For any large or medium-sized meetings, meeting participants must be carefully greeted and sent off. Generally, it should be composed before the meeting

Communication Etiquette Editor

Banquet Etiquette

Banquet is one of the common forms of communication activities in public relations. A proper banquet can make a difference in the meeting. It adds a lot of color to the friendship between the two parties. You should be on time for the banquet. You should dress up and dress up before going to the banquet, and strive to be neat and elegant. When ranking for a banquet, guests must follow the host's arrangements. After sitting down, the host greets you and you can start eating. When picking up the dishes, don’t take too much. If it’s not enough, you can take more. If the host picks up food for you, say "thank you".

Be polite when eating, shut up, chew carefully, and swallow slowly. Don't make any noise or gag. Never talk with food in your mouth. When flossing, cover your mouth with your hands or a napkin. When the host stands up to toast, he should pause the meal and listen carefully. When clinking glasses, the host and guest of honor clink first. When there are many people, they can raise their glasses at the same time, but not necessarily clink their glasses. Don't drink too much. You can toast, but don't force others to drink.

Dance etiquette

When attending a dance, your appearance and appearance should be neat and elegant. Try not to eat onions, garlic, vinegar and other foods with strong irritating smells, do not drink strong alcohol, and do not sweat profusely. Entering the dance floor dripping wet or exhausted. People with colds should not enter the dance hall. For those who are not yet good at dancing, it is best not to learn how to dance on the dance floor, but to wait until they learn how to dance before entering the dance floor.

Under normal circumstances, men should take the initiative to invite women politely; if it is a superior-subordinate relationship, regardless of gender, the subordinate should take the initiative to invite the superior to dance. When dancing, the posture should be dignified, and the body should be kept flat, straight, upright, and stable, and avoid frivolousness and recklessness; men should move gently and gracefully, and should not hold women too tightly or too close; in case of touching the feet of the dance partner or bumping into others , apologize to the other person politely. When the song ends, you can stop dancing. The male partner should send the female partner to her seat and express her gratitude, and the female partner should nod in return. In addition, you should also pay attention to civility and courtesy, maintain order in the dance hall, do not smoke, do not throw peels, do not talk and laugh loudly, do not make random noises, and put an end to all rough behaviors.

Visit etiquette

1. Invitation etiquette before visiting: Whether visiting for business or private reasons, you must contact the interviewee by phone in advance. The content of the contact mainly includes four points:

(1) Self-report your family background (name, unit, position).

(2) Ask the respondent whether he is at work (home), whether he has time or when he has time.

(3) Put forward the content of the visit (visit for business or courtesy visit) to prepare the other party.

(4) Set a specific time and place for the visit with the other party’s consent. Pay attention to avoid eating and resting times, especially nap time. Finally, express gratitude to the person.

2. Behavior and etiquette during visits:

(1) Be punctual and keep appointments.

(2) Pay attention to the art of knocking. Knock on the door with your index finger, with moderate force, three times at regular intervals, and wait for a response. If there is no response, you can knock a little harder and knock three more times. If there is a response, then stand sideways and hidden on the right door frame. When the door opens, take half a step forward to face the owner.

(3) You cannot sit down casually unless the host gives up your seat. If the master is an elder or superior, and the master does not sit down, he cannot sit first. After the host gives up his seat, he should say "thank you" and then sit down in a proper etiquette posture. When the host offers cigarettes and tea, he must take them with both hands and express his gratitude. If the owner does not have the habit of smoking, he should restrain his addiction and try not to smoke to show respect for the owner's habit. The host offers the fruit and has to wait for the elders or other guests to do it before taking it himself. Even at the home of your most familiar friend, don't be too casual.

(4) When talking to the host, the language should be polite.

(5) The conversation should not be too long. When you get up to say goodbye, you should apologize to the host for "intruding". After going out, he turned around and stretched out his hand to say goodbye to the owner and said, "Please stay." After the host stops, walk a few steps, then look back and wave: "Goodbye".

10 Foreign Etiquette Editor

In international communication, protocol is a very important job. Many foreign affairs activities are often carried out through various communication protocol activities. Generally speaking, there are certain international conventions for various communication activities, but each country often has its own unique practices based on its own characteristics and customs. In addition to carrying forward the fine traditions of our country of etiquette, we should carry forward the fine traditions of our country of etiquette in our foreign exchanges. In addition to paying attention to politeness and etiquette, we should also respect the customs and habits of various countries and ethnic groups, and understand their different etiquette and polite practices, so that we can truly be neither humble nor arrogant in our external activities, and treat each other with courtesy.

1. Behavior: In foreign affairs activities, the behavior should be generous, dignified and steady, the expression should be natural, sincere, amiable, and should not be informal.

When standing, don't lean your body this way or that, don't lean on the table or lean on it; when sitting, your posture should be upright, don't cross your feet, shake your legs, or show a lazy look. Lesbians should not spread their legs; when walking, The steps should be light. If you are in an emergency, you can speed up the pace, but don't run in a panic. When talking, don't gesture too much, and don't laugh loudly or shout.

2. Conversation: When talking with foreign guests, the expression should be natural, the attitude should be sincere, the language should be civilized, and the expression should be appropriate. Don't listen in when others are talking to each other individually. If you need to talk to someone about something, wait until the other person has finished speaking. If something urgent happens during the conversation and you have to leave, you should say hello to the other person and express your apology. When talking with foreign guests, do not inquire about the other person’s age, resume, marriage, salary, clothing prices and other personal life situations. When talking to foreigners, it is best to choose topics that are interesting to hear and talk about, such as sports competitions, artistic performances, movies and television, scenic spots, travel vacations, cooking snacks, etc. Everyone will be interested. This type of topic makes people relaxed and happy, and can be generally welcomed. If a foreigner takes the initiative to talk about a topic that we are not familiar with, we should listen attentively and ask for advice seriously. We must not pretend to understand, let alone talk to foreigners about topics that we have little knowledge of.

Principle of Politeness

One of the main means of expressing politeness is the use of language. What is politeness and how to express politeness has always been one of the important topics in pragmatics. In 1978, Professors Brown and Levinson of Oxford University proposed the principle of politeness. They believed that politeness is one of the most basic conditions for human existence. Understanding how people express politeness is the basis of understanding human existence. What is politeness? Brown and Levinson believe that everyone has a "face", including positive face and negative face. Positive face means being recognized by others, while negative face means that one's own interests are not infringed upon by others. Speech behavior that occurs because of maintaining face is polite behavior. How to choose politeness strategy? Brown and Levinson believe that there are three factors, distance (closeness), power (the listener's rights relative to the speaker) and (the degree of imposition or interference defined by a specific culture). Another linguist, Leech, also proposed politeness maxims, which mainly include the maxim of tact, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of praise, the maxim of humility, the maxim of approval, and the maxim of sympathy. However, since politeness is closely related to culture, politeness in one culture is not necessarily politeness in another culture. Gu Yueguo proposed Chinese politeness principles in 1990, including the self-effacement criterion, the address criterion, the generosity criterion and the Code of decency.