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Geography in the senior high school entrance examination must recite knowledge points

The knowledge points about geography in the senior high school entrance examination are as follows:

The earth is a sphere (look at the mast first, then at the hull; Magellan sailed around the world; Climb high and look far; Eclipse; Satellite image) The period of the earth's rotation: one day (24 hours) direction: from west to east.

Geographical phenomenon caused by revolution: the change of four seasons; The length of day and night changes. On any day, day and night are equally divided in the equatorial region. Anywhere, spring and autumn are divided equally between day and night. Direct sunlight in the northern hemisphere (summer half year in the northern hemisphere, March 2 1 to September 23), the farther north, the longer the day;

The sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere (winter half year in the northern hemisphere, September 23 to March 2 1), and the farther south, the longer the day. In places with direct sunlight, the days are long and the nights are short (except the equator); Division of five zones (tropical zone, north temperate zone, south temperate zone, north frigid zone and south frigid zone). Variation of sun height at noon (variation of shadow length)

The three elements on the map include: direction, scale, legend and notes. The direction of the arrow pointed by the pointer is generally north; Non-directional signs usually adopt "upper north and lower south, left west and right east"; Latitude of longitude and latitude represents east-west direction, and longitude represents north-south direction.

(When the molecules are the same, the larger the denominator, the smaller the scale. When the maps are the same, the larger the scale, the smaller the scope and the more detailed the content. The smaller the scale, the larger the scope and the simpler the content.

Altitude: The vertical distance above the altitude. Relative Height: Subtract two heights. The denser the contour, the steeper the slope; The thinner the contour, the slower the slope.

Topographic parts identification: peak (black triangle ▲), ridge (convex low is high), valley (convex high is low), saddle, steep cliff (contour overlapping) and basin.

There are five types of terrain: terrain area is an area dominated by a certain terrain type! Plain: the ground is flat and the altitude is low, generally below 200 meters; Plateau: the altitude is higher, generally more than 500 meters, with flat ground and steep edges;

Mountain: The altitude is higher, generally above 500 meters, with undulating peaks and steep slopes; Hills: the ground is undulating, the altitude is not high, the slope is gentle, and the relative height is generally less than 200 meters; Basin: high around, low in the middle, no altitude requirement.