What if you don't enjoy any poverty alleviation?

Poverty alleviation and development is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause, which must be firmly determined and solidly promoted. Poverty alleviation is a major event, a good deed and a responsibility. This is an endless matter, with endless topics. Therefore, after two and a half hours of special inquiry, I still have unfinished business. Although the special inquiry stipulates a time-limited question and answer, it also stipulates that "you can ask questions if you are not clear." Some members asked a question three times, but the person in charge of one ministry couldn't answer clearly, and the person in charge of another ministry quickly added it. According to the law, after the special inquiry, the State Council will put forward improvement measures for the deliberation opinions, and submit a written report on the research and handling of the deliberation opinions to the Standing Committee within six months.

Focus: How to get out of the strange circle of "crying with a hat"

Countermeasures: Improve the assessment mechanism and establish the exit mechanism.

Member Gu Shengzu's question comes from the findings of the investigation. He said that at present, some poor households have the idea of voluntarily getting rid of poverty and returning to poverty, and some places even posted propaganda slogans, "Warm congratulations on becoming poor counties". This has formed a vicious circle of "poverty-getting rid of poverty-poverty dependence-poverty trap". His question is, how to break this vicious circle and let "poverty alleviation" replace "crying and wearing a hat"?

Before answering Gu Shengzu's question, Liu Yongfu, director of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, first introduced the relevant background of poverty alleviation and development in China, especially the basic situation of poverty-stricken counties. He said that from 65438 to 0986, China began to help the poor in an organized, planned and large-scale way. The state has set up leading organizations to help the poor, determined poverty standards, identified poverty-stricken counties that the state has given priority support to, and successively introduced some policies and measures. During these 27 years, poor counties have also made three adjustments.

Liu Yongfu said that, on the whole, the key counties adjusted in the past were all relatively poor and backward counties, and all were areas with backward economic and social development. Objectively speaking, determining key counties is the main way to implement regional poverty alleviation and development in China. It has played a positive role in highlighting the key points of our poverty alleviation work. These counties really need help. They can't get rid of poverty by themselves. Figuratively speaking, key counties are somewhat similar to the delineation of identity, that is, people who enter key counties can not only get poverty alleviation funds, but also enjoy a number of policy support. With the development of economy and society and the increase of assistance, some economic indicators of some key counties have been higher or close to the national or provincial average. However, due to the high gold content and so many good things in key counties, it is difficult to quit. Once a poverty-stricken county is established, the masses are unwilling to quit, and neither are cadres.

"Therefore, cadres and the masses are generally unwilling to' take off their hats', and some non-key counties also try their best to cry and wear hats. Frankly speaking, it is quite difficult to solve this problem. However, we must and should study and solve this problem as soon as possible. " As the "top leader" of the Poverty Alleviation Office, Liu Yongfu did not shy away from the existing problems.

Subsequently, Liu Yongfu introduced three reforms to solve this problem. First, improve the assessment mechanism of poverty-stricken counties, change from mainly assessing GDP to mainly assessing the effectiveness of poverty alleviation work, cancel the GDP assessment of development zones and ecologically fragile poverty-stricken counties, take improving the living standards of poor people and reducing the number of poor people as the main criteria, and guide the party and government leading bodies and leading cadres in poverty-stricken areas to focus on poverty alleviation and development. The second is to establish a precise poverty alleviation mechanism and aim at poverty alleviation targets. This target must be poor households, not poor counties or even poor towns. It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and suit people's needs, and give guidance by household classification to help poor people improve their self-development ability. Third, carry out investigation and study, and formulate positive incentives for key counties to withdraw. The fourth is to carry out pilot projects and explore the exit mechanism of key counties.

Focus: How to eliminate illiteracy and semi-illiteracy in poverty-stricken areas

Countermeasures: Focus on 15 children aged 24.

Member Chen Xiurong raised questions, focusing on education. She said that at present, the proportion of illiterate and semi-illiterate labor force in poverty-stricken areas is 3.6 percentage points higher than that in the whole country, and the proportion of female labor force with education below primary school is 19.3 percentage points higher than that of men, and the phenomenon of children dropping out of school has increased at present. "I want to know how to eliminate illiteracy and semi-illiteracy of the labor force in poor areas."

In response to a question, Lu Xin, Vice Minister of Education, said that the concrete measures to solve illiteracy and semi-illiteracy in poverty-stricken areas have first achieved outstanding results. The focus is on children aged 65,438+05 to 24, and training in rural practical skills, family financial management and health care has been implemented. Second, focus on pertinence. According to urban and rural areas, regions, gender, age, nationality and other different situations. , developed various forms of targeted teaching materials, especially for the follow-up vocational education and teacher training, developed and compiled relatively vivid and easy-to-understand distance education resources, focusing on skills training to get rid of poverty. Finally, highlight the continuing education after illiteracy. The Ministry of Education has cooperated with the Ministry of Agriculture and relevant departments to carry out several plans: the technical training plan for rural practical talents, the training plan for rural labor transfer, and the enrollment plan for the east to the central and western regions. Lu Xin also said frankly: "In remote areas, especially in mountainous areas, many problems such as school construction and the level of teachers, as well as the difficulties in tuition and living expenses, have not been fundamentally solved. Therefore, poverty alleviation through education in these years should be said to be effective, but there are indeed many problems. "

Focus: How to make poor children enjoy the same education?

Countermeasures: six measures to realize poverty alleviation through education

In response to Chen Xiurong's second question, "How can children in poor areas enjoy the same education and get rid of poverty through education?" Lu Xin revealed that the Ministry of Education is taking and will take six major measures.

She first introduced the construction of school projects. Including: rural boarding school construction, distance education in primary and secondary schools, school building safety project, weak school reconstruction plan and secondary vocational school construction. Second, free compulsory education and boarding provide living allowances. Through this measure, children in mountainous areas will be admitted to boarding schools. In the future, we will strengthen this work by building boarding schools. The third is to implement the plan to improve nutritious meals. In less than two years, a total of 82 billion yuan has been invested, benefiting 33 million children in districts and counties. "This plan has played a great role in solving the problem of children going to school and dropping out of school." Lu Xin said. Fourth, restore a number of rural teaching points. Fifth, input high-quality resources to poor areas remotely, so that children in poor areas can get the same education. Efforts should be made to solve the practical problems of insufficient number, low quality and poor treatment of rural teachers. Sixth, in view of the situation in poverty-stricken areas, it is planned to use three to five years to completely solve the problem that the educational infrastructure conditions in poverty-stricken areas are not up to the national average. At the same time, the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, has compiled the Outline of the National Plan for the Development of Children in Poverty-stricken Areas, striving to establish a comprehensive coverage network for children in poverty-stricken areas, so that children in poverty-stricken areas can have a good life, grow well, learn well and find jobs, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty alleviation.

Focus: How to dynamically manage the rural poor?

Countermeasures: study and formulate methods for identifying poverty alleviation targets

Commissioner Wang Mingwen's question stems from a number, 1 100 million.

She said that the report said that the rural poor population was nearly 1 100 million at the end of 20 12, and pointed out that this data was calculated through a sample survey of rural households, and the accuracy and standard of this data made her doubt. Her reason is that with the reform of urbanization and household registration system, the phenomenon of separation between people and households is very common. This will inevitably bring difficulties to the identification of the rural poor, and also put forward new requirements for the connection between rural poverty alleviation and urban poverty alleviation. "Is the data of 20 12 rural poor population pointed out in the report accurate? What is the standard? How to accurately identify and dynamically manage the rural poor? If the identity of the rural poor changes, can he still enjoy the poverty alleviation policy? How should rural poverty alleviation and urban poverty alleviation work be connected? " Wang Mingwen threw five questions in one breath.

Regarding the number of poor people, Liu Yongfu explained: "The number of poor people near 1 100 million yuan is accurate. The per capita net income of farmers is 2300 yuan as the national poverty alleviation standard. The base is the rural population, and the factors of returning to poverty and urbanization are also taken into account. It is the result of a sample survey and is promulgated and implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics every year in accordance with the provisions of the Statistics Law. "

Liu Yongfu stressed that this figure is accurate, but it does not mean that there is no problem. The problem now is that the average covers up contradictions and problems. "There is a saying in society that a poor man is one million, with an average of five hundred thousand. This person doesn't have 1 point, and the other person has an average of 1 10,000. It seems that they have all got rid of poverty and become rich, but this is not the case. Many poor people have not yet got rid of poverty. " In order to solve the hidden contradictions and problems under the average, poverty alleviation work must be in place accurately. At present, the main problems in precision poverty alleviation are the lack of top-level design, overall deployment and work continuity. In particular, a unified information network has not been established in China, making it difficult to achieve accurate identification, dynamic management and effective monitoring. Liu Yongfu said that the next step will be to study and formulate a national unified method for identifying poverty alleviation targets according to the requirements of the central authorities. Taking the county as a unit, the principle of scale control, graded responsibility and dynamic management is adopted to realize accurate identification, accurate support and accurate management.

Liu Yongfu said that urban and rural poverty alleviation is carried out separately, so once the rural poor leave the countryside and enter the city, they will enjoy the social security policy of the city.

Wang Mingwen asked this question: "As far as I know, there are 50 million urban poor people, and these poor people have almost no other poverty alleviation policies except the minimum living security. At present, urban poverty alleviation is basically blank. How to connect rural poverty alleviation and urban poverty alleviation in the next step? "

Liu Yongfu replied: "It was mentioned at this central urbanization work conference that more than 200 million migrant workers in China will gradually become citizens. Generally speaking, as long as he can enter the city, he may have the means and skills to make a living, so his basic life is still guaranteed. In addition, we can solve the corresponding problems by implementing the employment and re-employment project and constantly establishing and improving the social security system. "

Focus: How to give full play to the role of financial funds in hematopoietic poverty alleviation

Countermeasures: guide a number of financial poverty alleviation policies to form a joint force

Liu Zhenwei, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Committee of the National People's Congress, said that in order to cooperate with the deliberation of the Standing Committee, the Agriculture Committee went to six provinces for investigation and research. With the two deputy directors in charge of the Agriculture Committee going to nine provinces, one of the more questions raised by the local authorities to the research group was how to better realize financial poverty alleviation.

Guo Qingping, assistant to the governor of the People's Bank of China, replied that the poverty alleviation and development work adheres to a very important policy, that is, development-oriented poverty alleviation. Development-oriented poverty alleviation requires not only financial input, but also financial input and other social funds. In fact, over the years, the People's Bank of China and the financial departments have intensified their financial work in poverty alleviation and development in accordance with the requirements of the poverty alleviation and development program and the unified arrangements of the state. Including the guidance of monetary policy. For example, the deposit reserve ratio of cooperative banks is 5.5 percentage points lower than that of big banks and 6 percentage points lower than that of rural credit cooperatives. The People's Bank of China has also provided some funds such as rediscount and re-loan for supporting agriculture, which is also inclined to this area in the distribution process. In addition, in recent years, the government has specially arranged discount funds for rural poverty alleviation. By the end of September this year, the balance of subsidized loans for poverty alleviation nationwide was 22.5 billion.

Guo Qingping introduced the main work of financial poverty alleviation in the next stage. First, deepen rural reform and improve the financial organization system in poverty-stricken areas. On the one hand, the outlets of big banks and financial institutions will sink, on the other hand, some micro-financial institutions will be developed, such as village banks, small loan companies and mutual aid organizations in poor villages. Secondly, by strengthening the construction of financial infrastructure in rural areas, especially extending electronic equipment to rural areas, we can also achieve the purpose of providing financial services to poor areas. Second, give play to the guiding role of monetary and credit policies. Recently, the People's Bank of China and relevant ministries and commissions are studying a new document, which puts forward some new measures and work objectives on how to further strengthen financial services around 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. Thirdly, in terms of working methods, the principle of grasping both ends and taking the middle is put forward. The so-called two ends, one is to grasp the big. Focusing on new rural business entities such as family farms, large professional households and leading enterprises, finance should have supporting financial products and services. The other one is small. For farmers, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of rural credit system so that micro-credit loans can be obtained without more guarantees and mortgages. Fifth, strengthen the construction of rural financial ecological environment. It is hoped that local governments at all levels can follow up the cultivation of credit system, especially supporting measures such as risk sharing and secured mortgage, so as to attract social and financial funds, especially commercial financial funds, to lean more towards poor areas.

With regard to financial poverty alleviation, Guo Qingping agreed with Liu Zhenwei that poverty alleviation and development cannot rely solely on one policy, and industrial policies such as fiscal policy, monetary policy and tax policy should be organically combined to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

In view of Guo Qingping's proposal to sink the outlets of large banks and financial institutions in the next stage of financial poverty alleviation, Commissioner Wu Xiaoling, who served as the deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, raised his own objection.

Wu Xiaoling said: "For low-income people in poor areas, they lack the capillary of financial services. They can engage in credit lending, but it needs people to serve. I don't agree that big banks should sink Big banks should do what big banks should do, and cooperative financial institutions should do what capillaries should do. " In addition, she also pointed out that when large-scale agricultural projects need a lot of financial support, there is a lack of effective collateral. Because China's "Guarantee Law" and "Property Law" stipulate that land cannot be mortgaged, rural assets cannot play an effective role. If this problem is not solved from the system, it will be difficult for large funds to enter agriculture, so she suggested amending relevant laws as soon as possible. "Can we make a breakthrough in the system, give full play to the leverage of poverty alleviation funds, and solve the capital needs of ordinary people in scattered poverty-stricken areas through mutual assistance?" She raised her own questions.

Three ministers answered a question from Wu Xiaoling. Guo Qingping believes that in order to give full play to the supporting role of finance, it is necessary to solve the difficult problems in the realization of land management right mortgage and security right. He revealed that after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the People's Bank of China specially studied the specific operation methods around the issue of mortgage guarantee of two rights.

Hu, assistant minister of finance, explained that our system does have some restrictions, mainly because we are afraid that disorderly guarantees will cause some debt risks. In the future, in the system, for example, while controlling risks, how to solve this problem should be carefully studied. At the same time, it is necessary to study or break through relevant systems in order to play a greater guiding role.

Yu Xinrong, Vice Minister of Agriculture, said that the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee had made it clear that the contracted management right of land could be transferred or mortgaged, giving it property rights. In the next step, we will further increase the pilot project of registration and certification of contractual management rights, and do this work as soon as possible. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture is actively assisting relevant departments to promote the revision of the Guarantee Law.