Liang Qichao's story

1899 Winter, Liang Qichao strolled in Ueno, Tokyo. It coincides with the alternation of Japanese military camp recruits and veterans, and relatives and friends greet them. "Red and white signs connect the whole street." The most shocking thing is the slogan inscribed for the campers-"Pray for death".

Liang Qichao's emotional system: "China's poems in previous dynasties all said that he was suffering from the army, while Japanese poems all said that he was suffering from military music." At that time, in Japanese newspapers and periodicals, in order to cooperate with military operations, the activities of collecting lyrics with prizes were widely carried out, of course, for its external expansion. Therefore, for this generation of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty, exposure to Japanese military songs must be a painful reading experience, and its value lies in their perseverance in "learning from the enemy". Liang Qichao's student Cai E not only copied Wang Tao's German translation of Song of the Motherland, but also quoted Japanese popular education as a demonstration:

Since Japan's reform, all music has imitated French and Thai, and singing has become one of the school courses. However, it is not military songs and music, but also contains the meaning of patriotism and martial arts. After listening, you can work hard unconsciously.

Huang Zunxian saw this theory and was deeply inspired, so he decided to fill in the blank and immediately wrote the twenty-fourth chapter of Military Songs. Liang Qichao only had four chapters of Song of the Army at first, and he was so excited that he couldn't wait to publish it in the inaugural issue of New Novel published in June of the same year.

At 1905, students from Yokohama Datong School wanted to perform a new play, so they asked Cao Liang to write a pen. Wei Liang created six acts of "Semi-Fixed Yuan Ping Western Regions", and the fifth act of "Military Talk" was a military song concert. In the play, Han Bing sang the new words of Guangdong Dragon Boat Song, and moved to the military band to sing "From Military Music". The purpose of the lyrics and singers is very clear, that is, "to promote the spirit of martial arts." Twelve Chapters of Cong Junle can be compared with Ge Jun by Huang Zunxian. The lyrics of the last chapter are as follows:

Tell the people with military music: in the world, countries coexist and compete for survival. Who is not dedicated to defending the country? My hero, don't give in and make a vow to be a soldier.

From military music, music wins. Zhang, colorful victory knot, hanging the national flag. Welcome banquet in the country of ten miles. In Vance, China, the days are long and the earth is long.

It is worth noting that the lyrics written by Liang Qichao and Huang Zunxian all describe "parents, wives and concubines sending each other", and they are all in a very prominent position. Liang made a speech: "From the beginning of military music, I entered the military camp for the first time. Line up the band, sing long live and see me off. Parents generously applied for strict orders: the arrow is on the string, and the Quartet is willing to comfort today's lives. "

However, it is completely different from the pathos in Du Fu's "Car Shop" that "they run after you, crying, dragging your sleeve, and their plaintive voice goes up in the clouds". Both parents and wives encouraged each other with the rhetoric of "from military music" and "dying in the battlefield". Obviously, this book is based on the memory of seeing Japanese soldiers off.

In the late Qing Dynasty, people with lofty ideals hoped to establish a military consciousness of sacrificing their lives for their country, so that under the dangerous situation of being surrounded by strong enemies and the law of the jungle, China could calm down, work hard and turn defeat into victory.

The difference between Kang Liang Jia religion and Liang Jia religion

In Liang Qichao's family, there are so many famous scholars such as Liang Sicheng, Liang Siyong, Liang Sizhuang and Liang. It is conceivable that Liang Qichao spent so much time on children. In addition, Liang's emphasis on emotional life makes him more affectionate.

The following examples may best reveal the personality differences between Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, two important figures in modern history. Liang Qichao had hoped that his second daughter would consider studying biology. The proposal was made by Liang Jia after careful consideration. Among them, there are family considerations, "Brothers and sisters, it's a pity that no one has studied natural science so far"; There are also academic considerations. Liang believes that biology is "the most advanced natural science in modern times and the main foundation of philosophy and sociology"; In short, for girls, it is "extremely interesting but not heavy work", so it is "extremely suitable" and "easy to make new inventions"; Generally speaking, "China women have never studied this subject (and there are few men)", so we encourage our daughter to "be a pioneer". However, such a thoughtful arrangement was only given up because of the lack of interest and anxiety. Liang Qichao affirmed: "All knowledge is the best because of one's closeness, and often get twice the result with half the effort." Think of Zhuang as "the master of your own experience" and "don't force your father's words". It is precisely because of Liang's consideration of individual differences and respect for children's choices that he can become an accomplished librarian in the future.

In contrast, there is an account in Ten Thousand Mu Caotang written by Lu, a disciple of Kang Youwei. Based on the experience of a senior educator, Lu evaluated Kang's plan to reform preschool education before the Reform Movement of 1898, and compiled a new book on primary education: "Mr. Gai is too talented and easy to see things, so he can't imagine for mentally retarded children." The pause of compiling books is too high and unrealistic, and it is doomed to be unable to be applied in teaching practice. This is naturally related to the fact that the students and apprentices of Professor Kang's 10,000-acre thatched cottage are all temporary shows, and they don't know the joys and sorrows of people under middle age. Once, he sent his daughter Kang Tongfu to Lu for education and said, "This girl is very stupid. When she was young, she tried to teach her numbers, but she couldn't remember them several times. I hate it. " With Kang's high vision, you can only teach geniuses, not ordinary children.

In contrast, we can also appreciate Kang Youwei's toughness and Liang Qichao's simplicity, which are consistent from composition to life. We can also see their differences in academic research and ideological course. Kang said to himself, "I have been studying at the age of thirty, and I have never made progress since then, and I don't have to make progress." Liang is "always feeling that he can't learn, worrying about his miss, and looking for the emperor for decades"; "The type of their addiction is also very complicated. Every time they cure an enterprise, they indulge in it, concentrate on other things; After a few days, if you transfer to other industries, you will lose all your previous rule "(Liang Qichao's Academic Introduction to Qing Dynasty). However, Kang's purpose has been set, and he no longer moves with Liang's progress with the times, and he has been leading the way for a long time. From then on, he parted ways.

Reading in Chinese and English

In the upsurge of "learning from Japan and learning from the West" in the late Qing Dynasty, He Wen's Chinese Reading Method, a short story regarded as a crash Japanese textbook, was all the rage. Until 1934, Zhou Zuoren wrote an essay on this book, and he was still obsessed with this Chinese reader published more than 30 years ago. He thought that "it has a great influence, on the one hand, it encourages people to learn Japanese, on the other hand, it is too easy to read Japanese", and said that "these two situations still exist" ("Bitter Bamboo Miscellanies, Chinese Reading Method").

As for the author of this book, people all know that Zhou Zuoren wrote Liang Rengong from memory. Ren Gong is Liang Qichao, and his self-report is enough to testify. First, Liang published Dongdan in the ninth issue of Xinmin Cong Bao (1June, 902), and said that there was a "simple way" to read Japanese. If you learn this method, you will be a wise man in ten days and a Lu in February, and you can enjoy it in one hand. This wonderful recipe of "specializing in reading" meets the special needs of translating a large number of western books from Japanese in the late Qing Dynasty and is naturally attractive. Then, a letter from a reader asked what was going on, which triggered Liang Qichao's answer: it is not easy to really understand the oriental language. It is not difficult to read oriental books by yourself. When I first arrived in the East, I studied under my classmate Luo Jun in the East. Professor Luo Jun simplified the method. After that, there were hometown people, and then they took this as the essence and "how to read" the grass language. This happened in May and June in summer. His book was written day and night, but it was a bit sloppy. At that time, he didn't know Japanese grammar, and there were many ridiculous people, but he didn't dare to show it to his relatives and friends. After I traveled to the west, the students were surprised by the disaster. Now they reprint it, but they still feel ashamed after watching it again.

Although Reading with China People in Chinese was a best seller in that year, it became a thing of the past when Zhou Zuoren wrote it in the 1930s. When I came to search in the 1990s, the first edition of this little book a hundred years ago was even more elusive.

Although we couldn't find the earliest edition, we found relevant published materials. In the advertising section of Qingyi Daily, Volume 64 (1900 1 1 month), the article "Confessions on Chinese and Chinese Reading" was published for the first time. The full text is as follows:

This book indicates the reading method of Japanese, which is simple and clear, and scholars can read Japanese books in a few days. People in eastern Henan know its benefits well, so it is published publicly. This is sold in our library, and the actual price of each volume is 20 cents. Postage in other places will be increased as usual. Consignment in Shanghai: the dumping ground of Sweeping Leaf Bookstore.

Based on this, we can draw some conclusions: First, the first edition of Reading Chinese should have been published in 1900, when Liang Qichao was traveling in Hawaii and Australia. Second, this book was printed in Japan, probably Qingyi Newspaper. Thirdly, after publication, it was transferred to China, with Shanghai as the distribution center. Fourth, the book price is marked as silver. The popularity of Liang's Little Book fully reflected the intellectuals' thirst for new knowledge in the late Qing Dynasty. When Liang Qichao wrote Reading English in Chinese, there was also a rumor that Liang studied English with Ms. He in Honolulu for several months. After returning to the East, he boasted that he had learned the secret of learning English. In particular, he listed more than ten kinds of English methods he had read in the first stage and compiled a small book, English-Chinese Reading Methods, for the benefit of beginners. It means that whoever reads this book can translate English books in a few months. "(Feng Zi has the first episode of Anecdotes and Interesting History)-this also shows Liang's unique research methods and enthusiastic enlightenment mentality. In fact, Liang Qichao had a quip of self-mockery: "When I read that human nature is good, I taught people to do the beginning of life.". I don't think I haven't read the following words "sexual similarity". I don't understand the sentence "the beginning of life" To teach people that this is not a mistake. "However, this is the loveliness of Mr Ren Gong.

Liang and Su Demin

An article in the Book of Freedoms in the Ice Room called "Smoker Pi Lichun" once caused a "attack on solving the case".

Dongying was the first Japanese writer who had the greatest influence on Liang Qichao's "new style". There are many similarities between their writing style and their position in the media, so that in Soh in 19 17, a China official who received him also mentioned to him: "You are Liang Qichao of Japan, and Liang Qichao is Soh of China. This is my equal evaluation. "

The National Character Series published in Meiji period was not only popular in Japan, but also widely circulated among China intellectuals who stayed in East China. Feng Ziyou said, "Few foreign students who have set foot in Bidu have ever read Su Feng's national series." No wonder the Telford family came to China. Both Cao Rulin and Zhang Ji told him that when they were studying in Japan, they were "lovers of national series". 1at the end of 899, Liang Qichao also read several "national series" on the boat to Hawaii, and thus the idea of "literary revolution" sprouted.

Stylistically, the reasons why Chinese and Japanese readers love reading are quite different. For China people who are not familiar with Japanese, the "China accent" in soh Tokutomi's articles provides special convenience for reading. For the Japanese, soh Tokutomi is most praised for his new literal translation of Owen. No matter from which angle we appreciate Su Demin's works, his China accent and Owen's pulse style did have a great influence on the literary world in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and they were transformed into a "new style" through the successful imitation and integration of Liang Qichao, which swept the country.

Because the book "Drinking Ice Room" adopts a free and casual form (by the way, the appearance of this essay form also benefits from Su Demin's "National Series"), the author does not shy away from the elements of attack. However, the treatment methods are different. There are three translations labeled Tokutomi Sohō not (unsung hero, no desire, no desire, Ai Ji's motto), and that one, the pure smoker, falls into this category after being deleted.

"Smoker Pure" is a transliteration of English inspiration. 190 1 65438+February, this article was published in the 99th volume of Qingyi Daily, but it didn't seem to be attacked at that time. It was not until 1903, the 26th issue of Xinmin Cong Bao (1903 February), when commenting on various newspapers and periodicals, that it criticized Continental Daily, which led to its fierce counterattack. Notice Xinmin in China magazine No.6 (1May 903) accused Liang Qichao of "taking Su Demin's first and second words, taking the book of freedom as an example"; At the same time, the postscript of the books written by Xinmin Cong Bao and Continental Daily, which were signed as "Xinmin Old Friend", made a more bitter mockery of Liang Qichao, saying that he copied Su Demin's works in large quantities and was "just a beggar and thief among journalists".

In fact, however, it was not uncommon at that time. For example, in Zou Rong's Revolutionary Army, there are many articles written by Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and the National Newspaper (see Wei Yingtao and CoCo Lee's Biography of Zou Rong). In the late Qing dynasty, when new ideas and new knowledge were imported, the intellectual community often took pride in being the first in the atmosphere. When there is a new theory, people argue for it, but today there is no such concept as "knowledge is private" and "copyright is owned". This is also one of the characteristics of an era dominated by popularization. In Liang Qichao's place, there was a feeling of "winning my heart first" when reading the articles about De Fu, so that he took the thoughts of De Fu as his own.