How to improve urban functions and further improve urban and rural human settlements.

Environment and development are the two major themes facing mankind today. Since the 196s, the world has recovered and the urbanization process has advanced, which not only accelerates the economic development, but also brings a series of urban energy and ecological environment. In the construction and development of some cities, there are behaviors that only pay attention to short-term economic benefits and ignore long-term environmental benefits, resulting in environmental pollution, waste of resources and ecological destruction. Therefore, it has become an urgent task for human beings to effectively use energy and protect and improve the human environment. Since the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) put forward the concept of "sustainable development" in the report "Our Future Together" in 1987, sustainable development has been generally recognized in all countries and regions of the world, and has been gradually introduced into all fields of social and economic development. Strengthening the supporting construction of urban infrastructure, perfecting urban functions, optimizing urban social, economic and ecological environment, constantly improving human survival and living conditions, and building a sustainable eco-city are an important goal that all mankind strives to pursue in the 21st century. 1. Urban environmental planning 1.1 Overview of urban planning Urban construction can no longer repeat the old road of promoting development only by increasing resource input. We must rely on progress, focus on ecological environment construction, build a resource-saving and eco-city and maintain the coordinated development of economy, resources and environment. It is necessary to further adjust and improve the technical standards for saving water, energy, land and other resources, pollution control, disaster prevention and mitigation in urban construction, and incorporate them into the mandatory provisions of engineering construction to ensure and promote urban environmental protection and ecological construction by legal means. 1.2 Problems and Measures in Urban Planning A city is a concentrated place where human beings have changed their living environment and created a high level of material civilization during the evolution of thousands of years. It is a unity of interaction, restriction and dependence between human-centered urban living organisms and the environment and social environment, and it is a huge and complex social and economic complex ecosystem. It includes social structure, artificial structure, resource structure and ecological environment structure. It is a huge systematic project to realize the sustainable development of this multi-element, multi-media and multi-level artificial composite ecosystem. To do a good job in urban planning, we must do the following: (1) Give full play to the role of market mechanism and promote water conservation and water pollution prevention. We should conscientiously implement the State Council's policies on urban water saving and water pollution control, apply market rules, use price levers to promote the conservation and optimal allocation of water resources, improve the differentiated water prices of various types of urban water use and the system of excessive progressive price increase, and adjust the collection standards of sewage treatment fees. It is necessary to increase the popularization of water-saving technologies and facilities. With the goal of recycling sewage, we will speed up the construction of sewage treatment facilities, strengthen the development of reclaimed water reuse technology and equipment, handle the relationship between centralized and decentralized facilities layout, pay attention to the safety and ecological effects of sewage treatment, and strive to build a water-saving and pollution-proof city. (2) Strengthen urban greening and improve the living environment. Strengthening urban greening construction is the basic work of urban ecological environment construction. We should conscientiously implement the "Notice of the State Council on Strengthening Urban Greening Construction" and take effective measures to improve the level of urban greening. It is necessary to formulate urban green space system planning, strictly delimit the green land area, arrange the green layout, strengthen the construction of urban green isolation belt, and form a green space system that combines trees, irrigation, flowers and grass, and connects points, lines, areas and rings. To promote the construction of urban greening, we must respect the objectivity and proceed from the local actual situation, where trees are suitable, trees are suitable, and grass is suitable. Urban greening should encourage the use of water-saving technologies and wastewater utilization, and minimize the water consumption of green space conservation. It is necessary to combine the adjustment of urban industrial structure with the organic renewal of the old city to increase the green area in the central area of the city. It is necessary to establish and strictly implement the "green line" control system for urban greening, and resolutely investigate and deal with all kinds of behaviors that occupy urban green space. It is necessary to encourage farmers to develop suburban greening in combination with the adjustment of agricultural structure, guide social funds to be used for urban greening construction, increase land and capital investment for urban greening construction, and raise urban greening construction to a new level as soon as possible. (3) Focus on the reform of heating charge system and actively promote the reform of urban heating system. The welfare heating system formed under the planned economy and the old welfare housing distribution system can no longer meet the needs of the market economy system and the new monetization system of housing distribution, and it is also an important economic source that causes serious waste of heating energy. The basic idea of promoting the reform of urban heating system is to change the hidden supplement into the open supplement, gradually stop the traditional heat use system that is contracted by the housing property unit or the unit where the employees work, and instead, the households (heat users) directly pay for heating, commercialize the heating heat and monetize the heating subsidies. New public buildings and residential buildings in cities and towns in heating areas, where central heating facilities are used, must design and install heating systems with household metering and room temperature control functions. Existing public buildings and residential buildings should also be gradually transformed according to the requirements of household metering and controllable room temperature. Actively implement the method of household metering and charging according to heat consumption, and gradually cancel the heating fee according to area, so as to better guarantee the rights and interests of consumers and improve heating comfort and heat utilization efficiency. The reform of urban heating system is related to the vital interests of the majority of urban residents, which should be both positive and steady. Effective measures should be taken to ensure winter heating for low-income families, maintain social stability and ensure the smooth progress of reform. (4) Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban environment. We should actively create conditions to speed up the organic renewal of the old city, focus on solving the problems of excessive development intensity, high population density, shortage of public facilities, congestion and dirty environment in the urban built-up areas, especially in the central area, resolutely shut down or relocate projects with serious pollution in the urban areas, and eliminate illegal and illegal buildings. It is necessary to promote the popularization of building energy-saving technologies, improve the structure of urban civil fuels, and reduce and control urban air pollution. With accessibility, low pollution and low energy consumption as the goal, we will implement the urban traffic policy of giving priority to public traffic, promote the application of communication technology in urban public traffic dispatching management, and actively promote the modernization of urban traffic organization and management. The comprehensive management of urban environment is directly related to every family and everyone, and it is necessary to promote the extensive participation and close cooperation of the whole society. The construction and development of a city is not only the construction and improvement of material conditions, but also the construction and improvement of cultural spirit and moral consciousness. These two aspects should be well combined to promote each other and develop harmoniously. (5) Strengthen scientific and technological innovation around the key areas to improve the living environment. Cities and towns are the gathering places of population and economic activities, and also the areas where all kinds of pollution are concentrated. The construction of science and technology must focus on the improvement of the quality of human settlements, the relationship between meteorological environment and planning layout, infrastructure construction and ecological environment, and strive to control the pollution that may be caused by urban and rural construction activities. In several key areas, such as sewage recycling, building energy conservation, chemical building materials, building steel, intelligent transportation, and modernization of housing industry, which affect and restrict the further improvement of the quality of human settlements, we will strengthen scientific research, strengthen technology integration, and increase the promotion and application of technology. Start the demonstration project of sewage reuse in an all-round way. Cities and towns in the east and middle lines of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should take the lead in realizing the synchronous growth of sewage reuse and sewage treatment capacity; Newly-built urban sewage treatment plants should directly aim at the recycling goal, actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies and processes, and strive to achieve leap-forward development. Improve the supporting technical and economic policies, and promote the transformation of building energy efficiency from local pilot to large-scale popularization and application. Strengthen the application of advanced and applicable technologies in housing construction, transform mature technologies and parts tested by pilot and demonstration projects into productive forces as soon as possible, and promote the modernization of housing industry. 2. Urban Ecological Planning 2.1 Urban Ecosystem Urban ecosystem is an economic ecosystem with natural reproduction and reproduction as the center, ecosystem as the foundation and human needs as the goal; At the same time, it is an organic ecological giant system composed of life subsystem, subsystem and environment subsystem with people as the main body [3]. It is an important part of the urban system, and the two are inseparable. All kinds of urban activities are restricted by the ecological environment. On the contrary, excessive urban activities will in turn cause sustained damage to the ecosystem, thus endangering the entire ecosystem and human beings themselves [4]. Therefore, urban ecological planning is an important way to promote the coordination of urban society, economy and environment and realize sustainable development. 2.2 The connotation of urban ecological planning The report of the United Nations Man and Biosphere Plan (MAB, 1984) points out: "Eco-city (township) planning is to create an optimal environment that can fully integrate technology and natural human activities from the aspects of natural ecology and social psychology, to induce people to create spirit and productivity, and to provide a high material and cultural living standard". Specifically, urban ecological planning is the planning of countermeasures, objectives and measures for urban ecological environment construction in a certain period of time. Its purpose is to improve environmental quality, maintain ecological balance and realize the sustainable development of the city. It follows the multi-disciplinary means related to ecology and urban planning, such as system and environmental science, identifies, simulates and designs various ecological relationships in the artificial composite ecosystem, grasps the evolution of the urban currency ecosystem and its factors, puts forward feasible ecological planning schemes through the comprehensive layout and arrangement of various subsystems in the urban ecosystem, and adjusts the relationship between urban human beings and urban environment, so as to maintain the balance of urban ecosystem and realize the harmonious, efficient and sustainable development of the city. Urban ecological planning is a planning method that is compatible with the concept of sustainable development. It combines the principles of ecology with the overall urban planning and environmental planning. Based on the laws of natural elements and their development and evolution, it determines how human beings can carry out socio-economic production and life, effectively develop, utilize and protect these natural resources, promote the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment, and finally make the whole region and city realize sustainable development [5]. Therefore, urban ecological planning is different from traditional environmental planning and economic planning. It is a bridge linking urban master planning, environmental planning and socio-economic planning. Its scientific connotation emphasizes the initiative, coordination, integrity and hierarchy of planning, and its goal is to pursue social civilization, economic efficiency and ecological environment harmony [6]. 2.3 Sustainable Urban Ecological Environment Planning To realize the sustainability of urban ecological environment planning, it is necessary to innovate ideas, apply the basic principles of ecology and sustainable development, and take environmental capacity, natural resources carrying capacity and ecological suitability as the basis to alleviate the contradictions existing in urban ecological environment, coordinate urban social and economic development and urban ecological environment, and prevent the destruction and pollution of ecological environment, so as to achieve the harmonious development between man and nature. In order to ensure the sustainability of urban ecological environment planning, the following principles should be followed: (1) The law of threshold material. Any space and resource planning has a "degree", and "optimum" and "threshold" should be considered. In the process of planning, we should first establish the correct values of urban development, ensure that the city's demand for the ecosystem and waste discharge are limited within the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, and make the development intensity of the city adapt to the development capacity of the city, thus ensuring the harmonious relationship between man and nature. (2) the principle of diversity * * * There is always a mutually beneficial relationship between subsystems in any system. Hough commented, "If health is described as the ability of resistance, then diversity also means health" [7]. Therefore, in the process of urban ecological planning, it is necessary to maintain biological diversity, plan the urban ecosystem in the whole biosphere, establish a composite ecosystem of urban and suburban areas, and protect all kinds of creatures in and around the urban area. (3) In the system, there is always a relationship between subsystems, and the harmfulness of one constituent element may be reflected in another ecological element. In the process of urban ecological planning, we must generally contact and identify the close interest relationship between the various components of urban ecological environment, and find out the essence and root of the phenomenon, so as to reduce the negative impact of this relationship to a minimum. (4) The principle of resource recycling has two meanings: one is to reduce the consumption rate of resources; The second is to promote clean energy and increase the recycling of materials. In urban ecological planning, it is necessary to promote the evolution of industrial structure mode, minimize the consumption of natural resources, establish a production process conducive to sustainable development, and set up an efficient operation system for industrial structure to improve the utilization rate of resources. (5) The principle of prevention and protection go hand in hand. We must take reasonable measures to deal with the existing ecological problems. Be proactive about the unknown that has not yet shown symptoms. The environmental impact assessment system (EIA) implemented in China is fundamentally a part of sustainable urban ecological planning. Before any project is implemented, it must undergo environmental impact assessment, predict the benefits to society, economy and ecological environment after its completion, and put forward some reasonable suggestions. At the same time, in the process of urban ecological environment planning, we should also establish a high-level management team, formulate a practical, scientific and reasonable comprehensive improvement plan for the ecological environment, and establish a high-quality environmental protection system; At the same time, gradually improve the green space ecosystem, improve the quality of the population and enhance people's awareness of environmental protection. Secretarial hodgepodge network