What is the manifestation of gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is inflammation of gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa, which is caused by food poisoning. Gastroenteritis is a common and frequently-occurring disease in summer and autumn. Most of them are due to infections such as bacteria and viruses.

The main manifestations are diarrhea and abdominal discomfort of different symptoms and degrees in the upper digestive tract, followed by the loss of electrolytes and liquids, which belong to the category of "vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Symptoms and signs

1. General symptoms: chronic fatigue, dull complexion, listlessness, shortness of breath, laziness, weakness of limbs, and fear of cold. For example, in the acute inflammatory period, besides fever, dehydration, acidosis or shock bleeding can also be seen.

2. Symptoms of digestive tract: Intermittent abdominal pain, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and diarrhea are the main manifestations of this disease. Especially after eating cold, greasy food, mood swings or fatigue. The frequency of defecation increases, several times a day or dozens of times, the anus falls, and the stool is uncomfortable. In the acute attack of chronic enteritis, high fever, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, urgent stools like water or sticky bloody stools can be seen.

3, signs: long-term abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain, physical examination can be seen in the middle abdomen, under the umbilicus or less abdomen, accompanied by mild tenderness, hyperactivity of bowel sounds, rectocele.

therapeutic method

Treatment of acute gastroenteritis with western medicine

1, general treatment: stay in bed as much as possible and take oral glucose-electrolyte solution to supplement the loss of body fluids. If vomiting persists or dehydration is obvious, 5%- 10% glucose saline and other related electrolytes should be added intravenously. Encourage people to take light liquid or semi-liquid crystal to prevent dehydration or treat mild dehydration.

2. Symptomatic treatment: antiemetic drugs can be injected when necessary: for example, intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine is 25- 100mgl per day. Spastic drugs: Belladonna 8ml/ time, 1, 3 times a day. Antidiarrheal drugs: such as smecta 1 bag, 2-3 times a day 1.

3. Antibacterial therapy: The therapeutic effect of antibiotics on this disease is controversial. Targeted antibiotics can be appropriately selected for infectious diarrhea, such as berberine O.3g orally, 1 3 times a day or gentamicin 80000 u orally, 1 3 times a day, etc. However, abuse of antibiotics should be prevented.

Treatment of acute gastroenteritis with traditional Chinese medicine

1, Gastrointestinal Damp-heat: Sudden onset, often nausea, vomiting and acid swallowing, sudden abdominal pain, sudden diarrhea, discomfort, yellow, brown, smelly feces, thirst, upset, short and red urine, yellow and greasy tongue coating, disordered or slippery pulse.

Treatment: clearing away heat and dampness, regulating qi and stopping diarrhea.

Prescription: Radix Puerariae10g, Radix Scutellariae10g, Rhizoma Coptidis 6g, Radix Aucklandiae10g, Poria cocos12g, Semen Plantaginis10g, Semen Lablab album10g, and Coicis Semen.

2, cold and dampness block: vomiting water. Nausea, diarrhea such as water, abdominal pain and bowel sounds accompanied by chills and fever, neck or joint pain, thin white or greasy fur, and pulse.

Treatment: dispel cold and remove dampness, and stop diarrhea halfway.

Prescription: Pogostemon cablin10g, Perilla frutescens10g, Poria cocos12g, Pinellia ternata10g, Atractylodes macrocephala10g, Perilla frutescens10g, Magnolia officinalis/kloc-0g.

Chinese patent medicine: Huoxiang Zhengqi Water.

3, food stagnation in the stomach: nausea and anorexia, the more you eat, the faster you vomit; Abdominal pain, foul-smelling diarrhea, dyspnea, pain relief after diarrhea, thick and greasy fur, smooth and firm pulse.

Treatment: digestion and stagnation, regulating stomach and descending adverse flow.

Prescription: burnt hawthorn10g, Massa Medicata Fermentata10g, processed Pinellia tuber 20g, Poria cocos12g, dried tangerine peel10g, radish10g and areca nut peel10g.

4. Spleen and stomach weakness: deficiency of natural endowments, vegetarian spleen deficiency, diarrhea and diarrhea due to carelessness, loose stools, vomiting water, intermittent rest, pale complexion, listlessness, pale tongue, and thready and weak pulse of 10.

Treatment: invigorating spleen and regulating qi, regulating stomach and stopping diarrhea.

Prescription: 3 grams of ginseng, 3 grams of Atractylodes macrocephala12g, 0/2g of yam/kloc-0, 2g of poria cocos12g, 0/2g of lentils, 0/0g of dried tangerine peel/kloc-0, 3g of Amomum villosum and 0/2g of coix seed/kloc-0.

Treatment of chronic gastritis

1, oral antibiotics: chronic gastritis, especially chronic atrophic gastritis, when gastric acid is reduced or deficient, gastric function is disordered or there is retention fluid in the stomach, bacteria are easy to grow and multiply, which aggravates gastritis lesions and symptoms. Therefore, streptomycin, gentamicin, berberine and other antibiotics can be taken orally, and Le Di Granule can inhibit or kill Helicobacter pylori, so it can also be selected.

2. Taking gastric mucosal protective agents: such as sucralfate, Gaiweiping or aluminum hydroxide gel can protect gastric mucosa and enhance its resistance, but aluminum preparations should not be taken for a long time.

3, reduce bile reflux: metoclopramide or modiglinide can accelerate the emptying of stomach and duodenum, reduce bile reflux, thus avoiding bile damage to gastric mucosa, but it should be noted that metoclopramide has side effects such as drowsiness.

4. Elderly patients with chronic gastritis, especially patients with atrophic gastritis, should go to the hospital in time under the guidance of a doctor when the symptoms in the upper abdomen are aggravated or aggravated.

5. Chinese medicine treatment. For patients with chronic gastroenteritis, it is suggested to cooperate with traditional Chinese medicine.

Preventive nursing

prevent

The first point: eat regularly.

Many people can't control their diet. When they meet delicious food, they will have a meal. If they don't taste it, they will be hungry. This will easily lead to the dysfunction of gastric peristalsis, and then make the nerve plexus of the gastric wall overactive and promote the secretion of gastric juice. Over time, gastritis or gastric ulcer will appear. Therefore, the diet should be regular and quantitative, and never overeat.

The second point: pay attention to food hygiene.

When eating, you must chew slowly and let the food be fully ground in your mouth and mixed with saliva, which can reduce the burden on your stomach and make the food easier to digest. Besides, we should try to eat less irritating food, and we should not drink or smoke.

The third point: keep full of energy.

Whether the stomach is healthy or not has a lot to do with mental factors. Excessive mental stimulation, such as long-term tension, fear, sadness and depression, will cause cerebral cortex dysfunction, promote vagus nerve dysfunction, lead to spasmodic contraction of gastric wall blood vessels, and then induce gastritis and gastric ulcer.

nurse

In the recovery period of enteritis, the gastrointestinal tract, especially the intestine, is very sensitive to food at this time. Therefore, special attention should be paid to diet, and some light, soft and warm foods should be eaten in the diet to avoid eating fat, fried, cold and hard foods and fiber-rich foods, such as celery, leeks and garlic moss. After 2 ~ 3 days of recovery, you can eat according to your normal diet.

Pathological etiology

Bacterial infection (35%)

The causes of bacteria include: the most common food is infected by bacteria, and cooked or semi-cooked food is particularly susceptible to bacteria. Staphylococcus and Salmonella usually come from people who handle food. Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common pathogens. Campylobacter can often be found in contaminated poultry, meat and fish. There are many kinds of Escherichia coli, most of which are harmless, but some of them can cause acute gastroenteritis in newborns, and this infection often spreads in nurseries.

Virus infection (25%)

Viral infection can also cause gastroenteritis and enteritis. Rotavirus is the most common pathogen that causes diarrhea in children. In addition, viruses that can cause gastroenteritis include adenovirus, enterovirus and hand-foot-mouth disease virus. This infection can occur within two days.

Food infection (20%)

Toxins produced by some plants in the growth process can also cause gastroenteritis, such as yew, green eggplant, morning glory and horse chestnut. , all contain toxins, and the buds born from potato tubers are also toxic.

Chemical factors (15%)

Toxic chemicals, such as arsenic, lead and various pesticides. If you take these chemicals, you will get sick in a few hours.

Disease infection (5%)

Diseases such as amebiasis and pyriform flagellasis can also cause gastroenteritis symptoms.

disease diagnosis

diagnose

Symptoms of digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are the main symptoms of this disease.

2. Systemic symptoms: Generally, systemic symptoms are mild. Severe patients have symptoms such as fever, dehydration, acidosis, shock, and occasionally acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

3. Signs: Early or mild cases may have no signs. There is mild tenderness in the upper abdomen or umbilicus during physical examination, and the bowel sounds are often obviously hyperactive.

4. Routine stool examination and fecal culture.

5, white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.

test method

Common inspection items

Fiberoptic gastroscopy, gastric juice microscopy, blood routine, fecal leukocytes, fecal potassium (potassium. k)。

test method

1. Signs: Early or mild cases may have no signs. There is mild tenderness in the upper abdomen or umbilicus during physical examination, and the bowel sounds are often obviously hyperactive.

2. Routine stool examination and fecal culture.

3. The white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.

4. Analysis of gastric juice shows that gastric acid in patients with chronic superficial gastritis is often normal or slightly lower, while gastric acid in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is obviously lower, and may be accompanied by anemia (hemoglobin is lower than normal).

5. Gastroscopy combined with pathological examination of gastric biopsy can diagnose superficial or atrophic gastritis; Gastric biopsy can also be taken during gastroscopy to see if there is Helicobacter pylori infection.

complication

Dehydration caused by diarrhea and vomiting is a serious complication of gastroenteritis, and dehydration is likely to occur in young babies. If the child is less than 2 months old and you suspect that he may have gastroenteritis or the child has dehydration symptoms, then you should take the child to the hospital immediately.

Chronic gastroenteritis has a long course and slow onset, and its main symptoms are the same as those of acute gastroenteritis, which can cause cachexia.

Other complications such as electrolyte imbalance, intestinal perforation and sepsis.

Dietary health care

1, the early stage of enteritis is the stage of acute intestinal congestion, edema, inflammation and exudation. At this time, the intestinal peristalsis is active or in a spastic state, and the digestion and absorption function is weak. Therefore, within 8 ~ 12 hours after onset, patients can eat liquid foods, such as rice porridge, lotus root starch, egg batter, dried noodles and stewed fine noodles. If you have severe diarrhea or sweat more, you should also give the patient more soup, such as rice juice, vegetable soup, fruit juice, light salt boiled water and so on. To supplement the deficiency of water, vitamins and electrolytes in the body.

2. In the recovery period of enteritis, patients can be given some digestible and nutritious liquid or semi-liquid foods, such as rice porridge, fine noodles, steamed egg soup, salty biscuits, etc. It is advisable to eat less and eat more meals, 4 ~ 5 times a day. It should be noted that it is not appropriate to drink milk and eat a lot of sugar at this time, because these foods are easy to ferment and produce a lot of gas after entering the intestine, causing abdominal distension and abdominal pain and increasing the pain of patients. In addition, milk contains more fat, which can lubricate the intestine and enhance intestinal peristalsis, which will increase the burden on the intestine and be unfavorable to the condition.

3. In the recovery period of enteritis, due to the pathophysiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the intestine, the intestine is very sensitive to food at this time. Therefore, special attention should be paid to diet, and some light, soft and warm foods should be eaten in the diet to avoid eating fat, fried, cold and hard foods and fiber-rich foods, such as celery, leeks and garlic moss. After 2 ~ 3 days of recovery, you can eat according to your normal diet.