Key points of Chinese review in Xiaoshengchu

Key points of Chinese knowledge in primary schools

First, Chinese Pinyin.

1, master 23 initials: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x z c s zhch sh r y w.

2. Master 24 vowels:

(1), single vowel: a o e i u ü.

(2) Eight vowels: ai ei ui ao ou iu ie ü e.

(3) Nasal vowels are divided into anterior nasal sound and posterior nasal sound.

The front nasal sound is: an en in un ün, and the back nasal sound is: ang eng ing ong.

3. Special vowel: er, which can't be put together with the first letter and can only be pronounced as a single word.

4. Identify the syllable 16 as a whole: four children know four things, Shi Li dances in a leaf, and Yin Yue Yun Yuan Ying.

5. Calibration: a o e i u ü, in the order of calibration, i u is tied at the back, and I calibration is removed; ü Go to two points when spelling with j q x y, for example, ju qu Yu Xu.

6, the alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

a b c d e f g h i j k l m

National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)

National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)

7. Sound-proof symbol: When the syllable starting with o e is immediately after other syllables, the boundaries of syllables are easily confused, so the syllables should be separated by a sound-proof symbol ('). For example, H M Seagull: I'm not you.

The second is the method of looking up the dictionary.

1, word order search method. For example: dǐn, first find out the phonetic order (D) in the pinyin outline index, and then find out the syllable (dǐn) and the corresponding page number.

2. Radical search method. If you want to look up the word "Hua", you must first find it in the root directory of the word, then find the dictionary page number corresponding to the root, and find the word to be searched, the text page number and the number of remaining strokes (6 paintings) under the corresponding root in the dictionary.

3, the number of strokes to find the word method. In reading, if you don't know the pronunciation, it's difficult to determine the radicals, so you can only use the method of counting strokes. First, find the word with the corresponding number of strokes in the "Hard to Find Words Index", and then open the corresponding text page number to find the word. If you look up "B", look up (1) pictures in the "Hard to Find Words Index".

Third, understand words.

1, first find out the meaning of each word in the word, and then understand it in connection with the meaning of the whole word. For example, "gallop" means "fly fast" and "gallop" means "run fast".

2. Use synonyms or antonyms to explain. Anxiety means hurry. (antonym) "Familiar" means "not unfamiliar".

3. Contact the context to understand. For example, in the article "Planting Flowers", from "Going to the yard to see flowers-going back to work-going out again-going home", we can guess that "cycle" means "repetition".

Fourth, the emotional color of words.

Commendatory term: well described, such as "tenacious"; Derogatory term: a bad description, such as "stubbornness";

Neutral words: descriptions are neither good nor bad, such as "look around" and "table".

5. Choose words to fill in the blanks: first, distinguish the differences in meaning, usage or emotional color of the given synonyms, and then judge and fill in the blanks in combination with the given sentences. acoup sur

1, the surveyed terrain must be very (accurate) and not a little sloppy.

This opinion is very correct, and I should accept it.

VI. List of commonly used related words:

1. She is not only an excellent student, but also an excellent team member.

He listened to music while painting.

Today is June day, so there is no need to go to school.

Song Wu is (not only) brave, but also (very) witty.

Xiaoming not only studies hard, but also is a good student who is helpful.

Only those who dare to challenge difficulties can achieve extraordinary success.

As long as you are willing to study hard, you will certainly overcome this difficulty.

Rain or shine, I get to school on time.

9. (Although) today is a holiday, (But) Xiaohua still stays at home and studies hard.

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go climbing.

1 1. Even if you get full marks in this math exam, you can't be proud.

12, Fanka thought: (Instead of suffering in the city,) go back to my hometown to visit my grandfather.

Liu Hulan would rather sacrifice himself than give in to the enemy.

14, this question is (not) correct, (but) correct.

15, he (1) started reading (just) forgot to eat and sleep.

Seven, change sentence patterns

1, "ba" sentence or "Bei" sentence. When rewriting, you can think like this: what "puts" what; What is "being" and what is it? Note: You can't change the meaning of a sentence. I killed a mouse. I killed a mouse. A mouse killed me.

2, paraphrase: tell someone a word through your mouth. When rewriting, pay attention to the change of person, remove colons and quotation marks, and make appropriate changes to individual words according to the meaning and fluency of the sentence, but don't change the meaning of the sentence. Teacher Wang said to Xiaoming, "I'm going to buy water, and you can practice here." Teacher Wang told Xiao Ming that he went down to buy water and told Xiao Ming to practice there.

3. Sentences and rhetorical questions: transformation features: sentences and rhetorical questions

(affirmative)-(negative)

(negative)-(positive)

The faster the horse runs, the farther it is from Chu. The faster the horse runs, isn't it farther away from Chu?

4. Affirmative sentences and negative sentences. There are many people in the street. -There are many people in the street. When you turn a positive sentence into a negative sentence, you must add words like "no" and "no" to the sentence, and then replace the words after "no" with antonyms.

Eight. Extended sentences and abbreviated sentences

1, sentence expansion: first find out the main words of the sentence, and then add appropriate modifiers before the main words. The extended sentence is more specific and substantial than the original sentence, but its main meaning remains the same. Xiaoming went to the movies. Xiao Ming went to the cinema (Xinhua Cinema) (wearing new clothes and happily). Xiaoming and his sister are happy to go to Xinhua Cinema to see a movie.

2. abbreviations. First, divide the sentence into two parts: who does what or what and how, then find out the main words in each part, and then remove the decorative words to connect the main words into a complete sentence, but keep the main meaning of the original sentence. Cao Cao heard drums and shouts in the camp. It should be abbreviated as: Cao Cao heard drums and shouts. It can't be simplified as: Cao Cao heard shouting.

Nine, modify the sick sentence

1, the sentence is incomplete. Such as: the excellent qualities of bravery, tenacity and selflessness of soldiers.

This sentence can be changed to: the heroic and tenacious qualities of soldiers are admirable.

2. Improper use of words. I still lack a decent pencil box in my schoolbag. "Lack" is not used properly, and should be changed to "lack".

3. Improper collocation. He is wearing a gray coat and a red hat. "Wear" and "hat" are not properly matched, and should be changed to: He is wearing a gray coat and a red hat.

4. The word order is chaotic. Playing table tennis is very interesting to me. I am very interested in playing table tennis.

5. Inconsistent. For example, a golden cauliflower in the rape field is colorful. "Gold" and "color" are contradictory, and "color" should be removed.

6. repeat it. He is the student with the best grades and lessons in our class. The meanings of "best grade" and "best homework" are repeated, and only one of them needs to be kept here.

7, illogical and unreasonable. He was reading in the sun, and two hours passed unconsciously. "Xia Guang" is fleeting, and it is unrealistic to last for two hours. "Xia Guang" should be changed to "sunshine".

Pay attention to the usage of common modifiers:

Ten, know how to modify sentences.

1, figurative sentence. Commonly used figurative words include "as if" and "as if", and some figurative sentences use "become", "become" and "become" instead of figurative words, such as: we are the flowers of the motherland. The characteristics of figurative sentences are: ontology and vehicle are somewhat similar, but ontology and vehicle are different. Therefore, sentences with figurative words are not necessarily figurative sentences. For example, Xiaohua looks like her mother. (10)

2. personification: writing things like people makes things like people. Dragonflies fly by, telling me the joy of flying in the morning. This sentence uses the words "tell" and "happy" to write about small animals.

3. exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the description of things. (Exaggerated) Flying down to thousands of feet, it is doubtful that the Milky Way has set for nine days. In the palm-sized cell, he still insisted on exercising.

4. Parallelism: three or more sentences with the same meaning, similar structure, roughly equal number of words and consistent tone are arranged together. Such as: this solemn announcement, this majestic voice, spread to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, to the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, to Baishan Heishui, and to the south of the Yangtze River, bringing the hearts of the people of the whole country together.

5. Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself. Is there no sound at the bottom of the sea? That's not true.

6. rhetorical question: ask without doubt, ask without answering, and the answer is implicit in the question. What is torture?

7. Question: Ask questions. Did you go to the library to read today?

Eleven, master the usage of some punctuation marks.

1, period). ): Stop with a period at the end of the statement. A moment, please.

2. Question mark (? ): Pause at the end of the question.

3, exclamation point (! ): A pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence. How beautiful the scenery here is!

4. Comma (,): A general pause in a sentence. He came and went.

5. Semicolon (; ): In a sentence, semicolons are used between coordinate clauses. For example, there is Koizumi by the pool: some are like big fish spitting water, and a bunch of blisters come out very briskly; Some are like a string of pearls, which fall halfway; Some people only get a big blister for a long time.

6. Pause (,): Pause is used between parallel words in a sentence. For example, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River and the Songhua River are the four major rivers in China.

7. Colon (:): indicates a pause after an suggestive speech. When the following contents are mentioned, it means that there is something to pay attention to. She said, "I see."

8. Quotations (double quotation marks, single quotation marks)

Three usages of quotation marks:

1) means to quote others' words or books directly. She said, "I see." Or: the sign of "Zhenlong Central Primary School" is hung in front of the building.

2) Emphasize and attract attention. For example, a herringbone line is designed.

3) Negative meaning. Only those who are afraid of death beg for "freedom"

Note: If quotation marks are still used in quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used in the outer layer and single quotation marks should be used in the inner layer. He asked the teacher, "Teacher, what does the word" ignore "mean?"

9. Ellipsis (……): Ellipsis can be used in three ways:

1), which means that the quotation is omitted. For example, I read a passage "fishermen frown ... don't wait for them to wake up", and I was very moved.

2), indicating the omission of listed things. There are white bears, elephants and monkeys in the zoo.

3), indicating that the words are not finished. The instructor said sadly, "I didn't take good care of you." You have lost weight ... "

4), indicating that the sound is intermittent. For example, "I ... sew ... it's really terrible that the wind blows so hard."

10, book period (""): It means that when the names of books, newspapers, articles and film and television dramas appear in a sentence, these names should be given titles. Yesterday, I read Lin Hai, Huizhou Daily and The Journey to the West.

1 1, dash (-): Dash can be used in three ways:

1) means explanation. I will never forget that day-1952 65438+ 10/2.

2), indicating the progressive or turning point of meaning. Every window is lit, and the street smells of roast goose, because it is New Year's Eve-she can't forget this.

3), said the sound extended. The train pulled into the station.

Twelve, give the article segmentation (merger method)

1, segmented in chronological order. 2. Transform the section according to the position.

3. Divide things into four sections in the order of development. According to the content and nature of things.

Thirteen, summarize the general idea of the paragraph

1, learn abstract syntax: a, summarize the total score structure of the paragraph, summarize the meaning of the paragraph and grasp the total sentence.

B. Transitional sentences connecting the preceding with the following, in which the "connection" part often means the paragraph meaning of the previous paragraph, and the "connection" part often means the paragraph meaning of the next paragraph.

C. When you want to extract a few sentences to summarize the meaning of a paragraph, you should compress the sentences appropriately.

2. Adopt the method of layer merging. (There is a parallel relationship between layers)

3. Choose the main meaning. Write several contents in a paragraph, including main contents and secondary contents. When summarizing the paragraph meaning of this kind of paragraph, we should "filter" these contents, select the main content as the paragraph meaning, and delete the secondary content.

Fourteen, summarize the main contents of the article

1. Summarize the main contents of the article by topic expansion method. 2. Grasp the key paragraphs and summarize the main contents of the article.

3. Summarize the main content of the article by paragraph merging method.

Fifteen, summarize the central idea of the article

1. Summarizing the central idea of the article should include "the main content of the article" and "thoughts and feelings".

2. Common methods to summarize the central idea of the article:

1), summarize the ideas by analyzing the topics. For example, the word "sacrifice" in "Dong Cunrui Sacrifices His Life to Bomb the Bunker" contains Dong Cunrui's heroic spirit and fearless spirit of heroic dedication to the revolutionary cause.

2) Summarize the idea by analyzing the central sentence. For example, the central sentence of the lesson "Bird's Paradise" is that "Bird's Paradise" is indeed a bird's paradise! From this sentence, we can know the author's love for bird paradise and nature.

3) Summarize the idea by analyzing the main plot. For example, in Teach the Sparrow, in order to protect her son, the female sparrow stepped forward and prepared to fight with the hounds. This reflects the old sparrow's spirit of loving his son.

4) Summarize the idea by analyzing the main characters. For example, the central content of the lesson "Precious Textbook" should be analyzed from the instructor, from which we can understand his revolutionary spirit of caring for the next generation and not being afraid of sacrifice.

3. Summarize the basic form of the central idea: (partially listed)

1), the text wrote () to express (). 2), the text wrote () praised ().

3), the article wrote () to explain (). 4), the text was written () and talked about ().

5) Write () in the text to express () praise ().

Sixteen, add a title to the article

Generally speaking, adding a title to an article can be considered from two aspects: content and center. The basic steps to add a title to an article are reading, thinking and adding.