What is the relationship between these solar terms and agriculture?

At the beginning of the Spring Festival-beginning of spring

beginning of spring

beginning of spring is at the top of the 24 solar terms. The so-called beginning of spring means the beginning of spring, such as "twenty-four solar term": "The first month of the festival, the establishment, the beginning is also ... long summer is the same as autumn and winter." Beginning of spring is usually located on February 4th or 5th every year, when the sun reaches 315 degrees.

according to ancient China's classification method, the fifteen days in beginning of spring can be divided into three periods: "when the east wind thaws, when the stinging insects start to vibrate, and when the fish turn cold". It means that the warm east wind blew in the first five days, and the earth thawed; After five days, the dormant insects gradually woke up; In another five days, the glaciers began to melt, and the fish began to swim on the water, often pushing the unfrozen borneol. The same is true. When beginning of spring arrived, everything revived, and spring returned to the earth, full of vitality and everything was renewed. The scene of freezing thousands of miles in the northland and snowing in Wan Li is coming to an end, and spring begins. Because the 45th or 46th day from the date of the "Winter Solstice" is usually fixed as the date of "beginning of spring" in the astronomical calendar, the solar term proverb, which people often say, is to take five Kyubi no Youko in spring or take six or nine heads in spring, comes into being.

After beginning of spring, the temperature, sunshine and precipitation tend to rise or increase gradually. At this time, the growth of crops is obvious, and there is an accelerating trend. The water demand for rape bolting and wheat jointing increases, so farmers will water it in time and increase fertilizer appropriately to promote the growth of crops. There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "When it rains in beginning of spring, get up early and go to bed late", which means that the preparation for farming in Da Chun has begun. Although beginning of spring, it is still chilly in spring, and it is still a cold scene in most parts of South China. Various climatic characteristics have an influence on the arrangement of agricultural activities. Here is a farming song, which summarizes the farming activities in this period:

Visit relatives and friends to pay tribute to the New Year, and don't forget how to plant good fields. Only by mastering the twenty-four sections can we reap a bumper harvest and achieve high yield. Look at the sky and talk about science, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery will develop together. The land is gradually frozen, and it is not slow to rake and conserve moisture. Mow and harrow winter wheat, keep moisture, increase temperature and tiller. Don't forget to protect against drought, start the machine to irrigate the spring field. Farm tools and machinery are raised early, and fertilizers and pesticides are fully prepared. Grain and cotton seeds are well prepared, and fine varieties should be selected. The melon and vegetable pits are often inspected, and the melons and vegetables in the greenhouse should be thin tubes. Take good care of trees and fruit trees to prevent damage and abuse. Livestock and poultry should be fed carefully, and epidemic prevention should be universal. Fish ponds patrol day and night, and managing fish is better than managing grain and cotton. Let's make a spring tide and strive for another bumper harvest year.

drizzle moistens things-rain

As the name implies, the solar term of rain indicates that large-scale snowfall has stopped and it has started to enter the rainy season (but sometimes light snow is not excluded). Warm and humid air currents in the southeast of China have started to land, and the rain is gradually increasing. Nature is gradually sketched out a picture of "ten miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the spring rain moistens things silently". The rain is usually around February 18 every year, when the sun reaches 33 degrees of the yellow meridian. There are basically two meanings of the names of solar terms: ① Rainfall increases gradually with the warmer weather. (2) It shows that the snowfall decreases and it is mostly rain. "twenty-four solar term": "Spring begins with wood, but those who grow wood will have water, so beginning of spring will continue to rain. And if the east wind thaws, it will disperse into rain. "

Because precipitation has a particularly important influence on the growth of crops in this period, there is a proverb that "Spring rain is as expensive as oil". However, during this period, there was little precipitation in North China, Northwest China and Huanghuai area, so it often failed to meet the needs of agricultural production. In the case of little rain in early spring, the economic benefits of crops can be greatly improved if water is replenished in time before and after the solar term of rain. At this stage, the area south of Huaihe River should strengthen ploughing and hoeing, improve the waterways in the fields and prevent excessive spring rain. "Water the buds with wheat, and water the flowers with vegetables", and topdressing moss fertilizer should be applied to rape with moss in time to increase pods and gain weight. In South China, this period is the time to raise seedlings of double-season early rice, so we should sow in sunny days.

In ancient times, rainwater was also divided into three stages: "One stage was for rex to sacrifice fish; Second, wait for Hongyan to come; Third, wait for the grass to sprout. " It means that this solar otter started fishing, and put the fish on the shore as if it were sacrificed first and then eaten; Five days later, the geese flew back to the north from the south; In another five days, the vegetation will rise in the sun's spirit in the spring rain and begin to sprout. The land gradually formed a thriving scene.

Before and after this solar term, the weather changes abnormally, and the cold wave seems to appear all year round at this time. The change of hot and cold and the weather that is warm and cold at first do great harm to the crops growing back to green and people's health. At this time, special attention should be paid to the cold and antifreeze work of crops, especially greenhouse vegetables.

Spring thunder is sprouting-to wake up

to wake up

to wake up is to wake up the animals that are dormant and hibernating in the land. There is an obvious weather change before and after this solar term, that is, spring thunder gradually appeared. This explains why hibernating animals are awakened. Not only did the spring thunder appear, but the temperature, especially the ground temperature, kept rising during this period. At this time, the earth has reached 345 degrees of the yellow meridian of the sun, usually from March 4 to 7 every year.

When people are "shocked", they have the feeling that "the sound of spring thunder on the flat ground wakes everything up to sleep, flowers and trees are competing for green, and mountains and rivers will want to change their makeup". At this time, stepping into the field, the wheat seedlings have begun to show cyan, and the distant mountains are close to the water. It can be seen that the grass color is far away but there is no sight, and the roadside flowers are about to vomit. In ancient times, there were three stages of fright: "When a peach begins to blossom; Second, wait for Cang Geng (Huang Li) to sound; Three waiting eagles turn into doves. " It means that it's the season of peach blossom red, plum blossom white, Oriole singing and swallow coming, and most areas have entered the spring ploughing. "twenty-four solar term" said: "On February Festival, everything is shocked, and the shock is thunder, so it is called a shock. It' s a cockroach that ran away. " Tao Yuanming has a poem saying: "When it rains in spring, it begins to thunder in the east corner, and everyone is lurking, and the vegetation is comfortable."

It was a sunny day in September, when the temperature rose rapidly and the rain gradually increased. At this time, the average temperature in most parts of the country has risen above ℃, while the average temperature in North China and the south of the Yangtze River has reached 3℃ ~ 8℃, and that in Southwest China and South China has reached 1℃ ~ 15℃. Since ancient times, the working people in China have attached great importance to the fright, and regarded it as the solar term at the beginning of spring ploughing. There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty: "A light rain brings new flowers, and a thunder starts with a fright. Tian Jia was idle for a few days, and farming began. " There are also "Spring ploughing can't rest after the Scaring Festival" and "Nine flowers bloom and farm work comes together." Agricultural proverbs.

"Stunned and not raking the ground is like steaming steamed buns", which is the experience of people in North China in preventing drought and preserving soil moisture. In this period, North China began to turn green and grow, but the soil was still frozen and thawed alternately, and timely harrowing was an important measure to reduce water evaporation. On the other hand, in the south of the Yangtze River, wheat has been jointing and rape has begun to blossom. Therefore, the demand for water and fertilizer has increased, and topdressing should be done in time, and appropriate watering and irrigation should be carried out in dry and rainy places. There is plenty of rain in some areas in the south, so it can meet the water demand of crop growth, but attention should be paid to prevent wet damage. There is an old saying that "the wheat furrow should be managed in three ways, and the game is like dung pouring" and "if you want to harvest rapeseed, you must be diligent in furrowing". It can be seen that it is important to clean ditches and drain water well.

In this period, South China should pay close attention to early rice sowing and do a good job in cold protection. With the temperature rising, tea trees gradually began to sprout. Necessary construction and "accelerating germination fertilizer" can promote its multi-branches and leaves, and increase tea yield. Fruit trees should also pay attention to applying fertilizer before flowering at this time. During the period of fright, the warm climate conditions are conducive to the occurrence and spread of many kinds of pests and diseases, and weeds in the field also germinate one after another. Therefore, pest control and intertillage weeding should be done in time. "Peach blossoms bring swine fever", and the epidemic prevention of poultry and livestock should also be paid attention to.

equal division of day and night-vernal equinox

vernal equinox

The vernal equinox is usually located in late March. In ancient times, it was also called "Japan-China Day", "Day and Night Minute" and "Mid-spring Moon". It was celebrated around March 21st (2th-22nd) every year, and the lunar calendar date was not fixed, when the sun reached degrees. Since then, the temperature has obviously risen (in meteorology, it is called the beginning of northern spring), and the time of day and night is basically half. If carefully observed, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west during this period.

In ancient times, the vernal equinox was also divided into three phases: "When the Yuan bird arrives; Second, wait for Lei Nai to make a sound; Third, wait for electricity. " It means that after the vernal equinox, swallows will fly back from the south; Thunder in the sky will be accompanied by lightning when it rains.

With the arrival of the "vernal equinox", people obviously feel that the morning is early, which gives people engaged in agriculture a sense of urgency in time. At this time, in phenology, the poplars are blooming, the willow branches are green, and the wheat in the field is getting up, which can be described as a moment of spring. As the saying goes, when spring fights for the sun and summer fights, you blame yourself for missing the farming season. People are required to get rid of the joyful winter break and the unfinished mental state some time ago. At the same time, people are reminded that if the spring time is half past from "beginning of spring", they should put themselves into intense productive labor as soon as possible.

during the vernal equinox, except in alpine regions and high latitudes, the average temperature in all parts of the country reaches above ℃ steadily, and the temperature rises rapidly. Especially in North China and Huanghuai Plain, the average daily temperature rises above 1℃ almost at the same time as the rainy areas along the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River, and it enters a bright spring. On the vast land, the shore willows are green, the yingfei grass is long, the wheat is jointing, the rape blossoms are fragrant, the peach is red, the Li Bai is welcoming the spring and the yellow is yellow. At this time, South China is a scene of late spring.

from the perspective of climate law, the precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River increased rapidly at this time and entered the "peach blossom flood" period; However, there is little precipitation in the northeast, north China and northwest China, so the drought relief work in these areas is very prominent. "Wheat rises at the vernal equinox, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars." In areas with little rain in the north, we should pay close attention to spring irrigation, water saving and jointing fertilizer, and pay attention to preventing late frost and freezing injury; In the south, drainage and waterlogging prevention are needed.

Early rice seedling raising in Jiangnan area and early rice seedling raising in Jianghuai area have started, so the weather changes frequently, so we should pay attention to the cold air. The proverb says, "A cold tail warms your head, and you don't worry about planting seedlings." At this time, reasonable sowing should be carried out according to the weather conditions. At this time, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied to spring tea in time to prevent pests and ensure the quality of tea.

Welcome Festival in March-Qingming Festival

Qingming Festival

Qingming Festival is usually located in early April. Among the 24 solar terms, only Qingming is both a solar term and a festival. Tomb-Sweeping Day was also called the March Festival in ancient times, and the Gregorian calendar was called Tomb-Sweeping Day from April 4th to 6th every year. As a festival, Qingming Festival is different from pure solar terms. Solar terms are the symbol of phenological changes and seasonal order in China, while festivals contain certain customs and activities and some commemorative significance.

At this time, the climate is getting warmer, the plants are sprouting, the sky is clear and everything is thriving. In "A Hundred Questions at the Age of Years", it says: "Everything grows clean and bright at this time. So it is called Qingming. " This means that when Qingming comes, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there are agricultural proverbs such as "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees, never crossing Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term has a very close relationship with agricultural production. "Qingming" season, the spring breeze and happiness, spring is full, in its environment, but see the beautiful spring scenery, picturesque spring scenery, but also Qian Shan beautiful, majestic, green plants, relaxed and happy and lively feeling. During the Qingming period, people often go out together, go for an outing or walk in the fields, or face the stream; Or climb hills or enjoy trees. Those who are interested will even put up shelves and swing, fly kites and kites, and even take their wives and daughters to dig shepherd's purse in the wild. If it rains on this day, it will have another taste. People will think of "getting wet with clothes, apricot blossoms and rain, blowing cold willows"; "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village"; "Four hundred and eighty temples in the southern dynasties, many terraces in the misty rain" and other poems describe the spring, which makes people feel endless charm. State organs, schools and organizations also organize people to go to cemeteries and cemeteries to mourn, mourn and sweep the revolutionary martyrs during this solar term. Farmers often have the custom of going to the grave to worship the tomb. The scene of sweeping the Qingming Festival, tears stained into red azaleas, and children laughing at the lights at night came into view from time to time.

Rain makes a hundred valleys-Grain Rain

Grain Rain

Grain Rain is usually located in late April, that is, from April 19th to 21st every year. Grain Rain means "Rain gives birth to hundreds of valleys". At this time, the rainfall in nature began to increase, which was greatly beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. Twenty-four solar term: "In mid-March, after the rain, the earth and paste pulsated, and now it rains its valley in the water. Rain is pronounced to be silent, like rain in my field. Cover the valley and sow at this time, from top to bottom. " Many crops were planted around this solar term. As the saying goes, cotton was planted before Grain Rain, and beans were planted after Grain Rain. Mild weather and increased rainfall have a great influence on the growth and development of cereal crops, which is conducive to the greening and sowing of crops. The so-called "rain gives birth to hundreds of valleys" vividly reflects the significance of modern agricultural climate of "Grain Rain".

Grain Rain in ancient times was also divided into three phases: "The first phase was when Ping began to live; The second time, the cuckoo blows its feathers; The third wait is that Dai Sheng fell to Sang. " It means that duckweed began to grow during this period, then cuckoo began to remind people to sow, and finally Dai Sheng bird could be seen on mulberry trees. There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "Before Grain Rain, cotton was planted well", and there is another saying: "If Grain Rain doesn't plant flowers, his heart will crawl like a crab". Cotton farmers regard Grain Rain Festival as an indicator of cotton planting, and make proverbs, which are handed down from generation to generation. Most of the weather proverbs of Grain Rain Festival revolve around the center of rain but no rain, such as "Grain Rain is gloomy, and it rains in summer", "It rains in Grain Rain, and there is no dry soil for forty-five days" and so on. There are also solar terms in Grain Rain, such as high temperature and frequent rainy days, which will cause the occurrence and prevalence of pests and diseases in the three wheat crops. According to the weather changes, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the three wheat crops.

Before and after Grain Rain, the temperature was stable, the weather was generally warmer, and the rainfall increased significantly. During this period, the rainfall was beneficial to the growth of overwintering crops and the germination and emergence of seeds sown in spring. However, too much rain or severe drought often causes harm and affects the later yield. In addition, Grain Rain Festival is also a period with large daily temperature range in a year, sometimes with high temperature and sometimes with strong cold air heading south, resulting in severe cooling and even disastrous weather such as hail. This poses a certain threat to the maturity and spring sowing of wheat and rape.