Slogan of single county

Religion has existed since ancient times. Engels believed that Christianity in the ancient world was the religion of slaves and the oppressed. About after A.D.

Since the 2nd century, members of the ruling class have joined Christianity, and Christianity has gradually become the religion of the country, and Christianity has gradually become the rule.

Class is an indispensable tool of spiritual oppression to tame the people. Foreign missionaries preached in China, and a few missionaries carried out the will of their own government and pursued the policy of cultural aggression against China under the guise of "preaching". 1840, the opium war broke out. Missionaries in China were directly or indirectly involved in this war. 1840 in March, after the British government decided to go to China to launch a war of aggression, American missionary Elijah Coleman Bridgman arrogantly declared: "The time has come, and China must give in." ~2j) Avik, the founder of Nanjing, the Seventh Catholic Church, provided a lot of military and political information for Park Dingcha. 1844, France forced the Qing government to sign the Whampoa Treaty, which enabled the great powers to obtain provisions to protect the Catholic Church. 1858, the great powers obtained the privilege of missionaries to preach in Chinese mainland through the Tianjin Treaty.

Under the protection of the treaty system, missionaries from western capitalist countries flocked to China. From 1846, Catholicism

Macao, Nanjing and Beijing, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Huguang, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Hong Kong. By the end of 19, there were 800 Catholic missionaries and 700,000 Christians in China. Christian priests in China have been working by the wall for 44 years.

There are 3 1 person, which increased to 1. 5 million at the end of 2009, with about 80,000 followers. In addition, Russian Orthodox Christians also poured into eastern China.

Northern region. The essence of the "man-religion" conflict created by missionary VII in China is aggression and anti-aggression, slavery and anti-slavery, and oppression.

The struggle against oppression, conquest and anti-conquest can never be simply attributed to "cultural conflict". When foreign missionaries came to China, they first built acres: churches. Jianshitang includes "returning the hall" and "building a chapter". The so-called "returning to the church" means forcibly returning Tianfeng and other churches confiscated by the Qing government before the Opium War. Decades later, the original church no longer exists. Missionaries relied on their own privileges, or stubbornly described the church of that year as a church owned by gentry and forced the people to return it, or "halls, offices and security halls" or "substitute churches". Such incidents have occurred from time to time in Jinan, Tai 'an and other places in Shandong.

The so-called "building a church" means building a new church wherever the missionaries go. Missionaries "seek land and real estate without first reporting to local officials and making a hard contract."

According to the incident, almost all provinces in China. The most typical example is "Chongzhou Teaching Plan". In the late 1980s, the leader of the German Evangelical Society.

John Feng Anze the Baptist tried to establish the Swallow Hall in Lunan, the birthplace of Confucianism. The behavior of German missionaries "building churches" is justified.

However, they met resistance from Shandong people, and they angrily expelled Feng Anze, John the Baptist, and his German consul. Germany built a church in Yanzhou, straight

It was not until 1897 that the Juye religious plan occurred that it was realized by its own military strength.

Attachment: 1 Yanzhou Teaching Plan: The North Campus of Shandong Qufu Normal University Yanzhou Campus was originally the former site of Yanzhou Church. The area of Yanzhou Church in that year was said to be 368 meters long from north to south and 2 16 meters wide from east to west. It was one of the largest Catholic churches in China at that time. Today, the only remaining building in Yanzhou Hall is only a small part of its northern leader building. The luxury and grandeur of the church can be called a landscape in Yanzhou and its surrounding areas. It is this Yanzhou church that once broke out a religious plan in Yanzhou that shocked China and foreign countries in the process of historical construction. Also wrote a bloody page of Yanzhou people in ancient China.

Yanzhou Church was originally creatively built by Johann Baptist von Anzer, a German missionary, in the 12th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1886). First, I secretly bought a house called Lujia in Yanzhou as a missionary place. After this incident was discovered locally, under the leadership of Tang Patent, a wise man in Yanzhou, a huge wave of anti-Westernization was launched in Yanzhou. They not only organized people to post slogans such as "slay traitors to clear up civil strife and expel foreign religions to smooth out foreign invasion" everywhere, but also picked up sticks and patrolled everywhere, threatening to cut their ears and hands when they saw those who spread foreign religions. The frightened John the Baptist von Anze and others fled before they could do more.

A year later, An Zhitai came to Yanzhou again to buy a house and build a hall. This time, he bought the foundation of a family house to build a church. As a result, the people blocked the city gate and shouted to catch the traitor who bought the house. Instead of building a church, an experimental shed was built on the foundation of the house where the church was built as quickly as possible.

Yanzhou people resolutely refused to build a church in the city. At that time, the Prime Minister's yamen, that is, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing government, explained it this way: "China believed in the teachings of Confucius and was extremely respected. Yanzhou is the hometown of Confucius and the fundamental place of Confucianism. If you want to build a church there, not only the local people will be indignant, but also the people of the world will be shocked. " In the words of local people, foreign religions belong to crooked ways, and they are the evil of confusing people and deviant. Therefore, in any case, Yanzhou, which is close to Confucius' hometown, must not let them build churches at will. Therefore, despite several plans and attempts to build churches here in various ways, either people were driven out of the city or temporary missionary sites were demolished overnight.

Until 1890, An Zhitai returned to Germany, was received by Yu Di, and obtained the right to protect religion in Shandong. Therefore, the German minister Stegen made a special trip to Yanzhou and threatened to build a church here. As a result, Yanzhou immediately set off a storm against the construction of churches. After people in the city and the countryside learned the news, "there are countless people in the street, and they fluctuate up and down like rolling seawater. Washing the racecourse is like a yellow honeycomb. People try their best to drill there, distribute weapons there and plan plots. " The deafening rough cries and the sound of gongs and drums came and went, scaring the German minister to flee without saying a few words.

Until later, accompanied by a group of big shots, An Zhitai led a group of people to Yanzhou. The locals simply ignored this and gathered around them. Even Yao Xie Zan, a local official and Yi Yan Cao Ji Taoist, dared not promise to his face. As a result, one of An Zhitai's entourage expressed dissatisfaction when going out, which caused public anger. The entourage was beaten by the masses on the spot, and the county grandfather was directly pushed under the table. An Zhitai was dragged out of the sedan chair and beaten. In the words of local officials at that time, it was "people's hearts are United as one, and there is a great tendency to die without regret."

Yanzhou church has been facing each other for ten years, but the locals just won't let outsiders build churches here. Then there is 1895. At that time, the Germans were looking for reasons to carve up China. In an official document submitted to Yu, it was publicly stated that Yanzhou would not allow the construction of churches, which may be the reason for the attack. The weak and corrupt rulers of the Qing Dynasty had to give in after the German armed occupation of Qingdao, and there was also a Juye religious case that killed German missionaries. Germany gained colonial rights in Shandong. 1897, the Yanzhou church case that lasted for ten years finally came to an end. With the weakness and humiliation of the country, under the armed protection of the Qing government, the German rulers finally built a large-scale Catholic church in Yanzhou.

2 Cao Zhou Religious Case: 1897 A case caused by the conflict between the masses and German missionaries in Juye County, Cao Zhou, Shandong Province. Also known as the Cao Zhou Religious Project. This was one of the major religious plans at that time. After the incident, the Qing government was forced to sign the Jiaoao Concession Treaty with Germany. 19 In the 1990s, German imperialism actively expanded to the Far East. 1890 took the protection right of missionaries in Runander from the French, and made every effort to use missionaries to serve their aggression. From 1896 to 1897, Germany twice asked the Qing government to lease JIAOZHOU bay, but both were rejected. The Kaiser William I wanted to resort to force, but the Prime Minister Henrik Hohendo advised him to be patient, thinking that the religious plan of 12 years could be used as an excuse for German action.

The public in Cao Zhou was dissatisfied with German missionaries' instigation of parishioners to oppress the people. 1897, 1 1, 1 year1October, Avenue Hui Chaoxian, Lei and others went to Mopan zhang jia zhuang Church in Juye County and killed Franciscans and others who stayed in the church. At the same time, incidents of destroying churches and beating priests and parishioners occurred in Shouzhang, Jining, Shanxian and Chengwu counties. After the case happened, the Qing government immediately sent Taoist officials to investigate and deal with it. However, on June 6th, 165438+ Germany ordered the German navy prefect Dillis stationed in Wusong to lead the fleet to JIAOZHOU Bay to occupy key points, cities and other strongholds. On June165438+1October 10, the German ambassador to China, Hai Jing, put forward six unreasonable demands to the Qing government, which accepted them all and signed the Jiaoao Concession Treaty. Shandong Governor Li Bingheng was dismissed; On behalf of the Chinese side, compensate the church for the loss of 3,000 taels of silver, 3 churches (each costing 66,000 taels of silver) and 7 pastor's houses (costing 24,000 taels of silver); In order to protect German priests; Hui Chaoxian and Lei were executed, while others were imprisoned for 5 years. Germany was allowed to lease JIAOZHOU bay for 99 years and enjoyed the privilege of building JIAOZHOU-JIAOZHOU railway and mining 30 miles of minerals along the route. Thus Shandong became the sphere of influence of Germany.